{"id":286820,"date":"2021-01-27T11:24:29","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T16:24:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/bankruptcy\/after-bankruptcy\/what-happens-after-bankruptcy.html"},"modified":"2025-08-17T10:56:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T15:56:25","slug":"what-happens-after-bankruptcy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/after-bankruptcy\/what-happens-after-bankruptcy.html","title":{"rendered":"What Happens After Bankruptcy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Happens After You File for Bankruptcy?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/jordan-walker-j-d\/\">Jordan Walker, J.D.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            August 17, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p><i data-redactor-tag=\"i\">After you file for bankruptcy, the process begins with the\u00a0court assigning\u00a0a trustee.\u00a0You&#8217;ll\u00a0attend a brief 341 meeting of creditors, and an automatic stay will\u00a0immediately stop\u00a0most collection efforts and wage garnishments. Under a\u00a0Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the trustee may sell nonexempt property to pay creditors.\u00a0With a\u00a0Chapter 13, you&#8217;ll\u00a0make payments under a court-approved plan, allowing you\u00a0to\u00a0keep property if you stay current.\u00a0When the judge issues a discharge, eligible debts are wiped out and creditors can no longer collect on them. Certain obligations, like child support, many types of\u00a0taxes, and most student loans, typically remain. A bankruptcy appears on your credit report for seven to 10\u00a0years, but you can begin rebuilding credit with on-time payments and responsible use of new or secured credit.<\/i><\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bankruptcy gives you a chance to start over with your finances. Before you file, it&#8217;s a good idea to know what will happen once the\u00a0bankruptcy process finishes.<\/p>\n<p>This article outlines what\u00a0to expect\u00a0after you file for either\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-13.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Chapter 13<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Chapter 7 bankruptcy<\/a>, and what happens when you receive your bankruptcy discharge.<\/p>\n<h2><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">What Happens After You File for Bankruptcy?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The following things will happen after you file for bankruptcy:<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">The Court Assigns a Bankruptcy Trustee<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Once you file, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/what-is-a-trustee-in-bankruptcy-.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">bankruptcy trustee<\/a>\u00a0is assigned to your case. This trustee is in charge of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/the-chapter-7-trustee-the-bankruptcy-estate-and-claims.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">administering your bankruptcy filing<\/a>. Depending on how you filed, the trustee will either:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oversee the liquidation of assets in a Chapter 7 case<\/li>\n<li>Oversee the repayment of debts in a Chapter 13 case<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While both are intended to help you recover financially, they operate in vastly different ways.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">You Will Attend a &#8220;Meeting of Creditors&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>At the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-debt-and-bankruptcy\/what-to-expect-filing-bankruptcy.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">meeting of creditors<\/a>, also called the \u201c341 creditors meeting,&#8221; the trustee will ask\u00a0about your assets and debts. Creditors can attend and inquire\u00a0about your financial status, but in most cases,\u00a0creditors will not be present at this meeting.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">An Automatic Stay Will Stop Debt Collection<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Filing for bankruptcy will trigger an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/the-automatic-stay-stopping-creditors-with-bankruptcy.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">automatic stay<\/a>. The stay\u00a0stops most collection attempts, lawsuits, and wage garnishments. Some actions\u00a0are excluded from a stay, including\u00a0certain criminal, tax, or domestic support proceedings. Secured creditors can ask the court to lift the stay.<\/p>\n<p>During the stay, you must stay current on domestic support obligations. To keep secured property like a home or car, you&#8217;ll\u00a0need to either\u00a0stay current or reach an approved arrangement.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">You Will Attend Financial Management Courses<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Before filing for bankruptcy, you&#8217;ll be required to take\u00a0a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/bankruptcy-credit-counseling.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">credit counseling course<\/a>. After\u00a0filing, you&#8217;ll need to take a debtor education course from an approved provider listed by the U.S. Trustee Program\/bankruptcy administrator. You must complete all the classes before the judge will issue a discharge.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">The Trustee May Sell Some of Your Property<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If you filed Chapter 7, the trustee may liquidate some of your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/exempt-vs-non-exempt-property-under-chapter-7.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">non-exempt assets<\/a>\u00a0and distribute them to creditors according to the priorities stated in the bankruptcy laws. You may be allowed to keep\u00a0some\u00a0of your assets like\u00a0household items, your car, and items of clothing. This\u00a0depends\u00a0on exemptions, equity, and loan status. You can learn more about this on FindLaw&#8217;s page about the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/bankruptcy-laws-by-state.html\">bankruptcy exemptions for each state<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Exemptions are set by state law and the federal Bankruptcy Code, depending on your state. Review your state&#8217;s bankruptcy code before filing to see what the trustee can liquidate in your case.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">You May Begin a Repayment Plan<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>With Chapter 13, you must follow your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-13\/repayment-plan.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">repayment plan<\/a>\u00a0and pay off your debts within the specified time to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/the-debt-discharge-in-bankruptcy-faq.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">get debt relief<\/a>. You also have to pay non-dischargeable debts like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-and-bankruptcy.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">child support<\/a>\u00a0and alimony in full.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">The Judge Issues a Discharge Order<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 cases, you will\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/the-debt-discharge-in-bankruptcy-faq.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">get a discharge order<\/a>\u00a0from the bankruptcy court. The discharge order eliminates your personal liability for dischargeable debts and leaves you with a clean slate. Liens may survive, and non-dischargeable debts remain.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">What Happens to Secured Debts?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A secured debt is a debt a creditor secures with an asset. A mortgage is a\u00a0good example. When you buy real estate and finance that house with a bank loan, you are giving the bank the right to initiate foreclosure proceedings if you fail to follow the mortgage terms.<\/p>\n<p>In a Chapter 7 case, creditors can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/foreclosure.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">foreclose the property<\/a>\u00a0even after you file for bankruptcy if you don&#8217;t pay your secured debts. You can keep the property by making an agreement with the lender to continue monthly payments.<\/p>\n<p>In Chapter 13 cases, you can retain your property if you continue to make payments through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-13\/chapter-13-repayment-plan-and-confirmation-hearing.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">the Chapter 13 payment plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">What Happens After the Bankruptcy Discharge?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>After the discharge order, your creditors can no longer\u00a0collect on\u00a0any outstanding debts from you.\u00a0The type of bankruptcy you file determines what types of debts the discharge clears. In a Chapter 7, you can usually discharge:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Credit card debts<\/li>\n<li>Unpaid medical bills<\/li>\n<li>Personal loans<\/li>\n<li>Past-due utility bills<\/li>\n<li>Old court judgments and some income tax debts (if they meet strict timing and other requirements)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chapter 13 may discharge some of the debts not dischargeable in Chapter 7, such as certain property settlement obligations from divorce and some debts incurred to pay non-dischargeable taxes. Other types, like fraud-based debts, domestic support obligations, certain taxes, and DUI-related injury debts,\u00a0cannot be discharged through Chapter 13.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">Will You Be Debt Free? Will Bankruptcy Discharge All Debts?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>No. Bankruptcy does not magically wipe the slate clean and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/the-debt-discharge-in-bankruptcy-faq.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">discharge all your debts<\/a>. The discharged debts depend on the nature of the bankruptcy. In general, courts cannot discharge these debts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Student loans (unless you prove undue hardship)<\/li>\n<li>Certain tax debts<\/li>\n<li>Child support and alimony obligations<\/li>\n<li>Certain debts from criminal fines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Other debts may also fall under this heading.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">How Will Bankruptcy Affect Your Credit Score?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A bankruptcy filing will\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/after-bankruptcy\/how-soon-will-my-credit-score-improve-after-bankruptcy-.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">lower your credit score<\/a>.\u00a0It can stay on your credit report and in public records for some time. Bankruptcy will stay on your credit for 10 years if you filed for Chapter 7 and seven years if it is a Chapter 13 bankruptcy.\u00a0How a bankruptcy will affect your credit score depends on your financial situation before filing.<\/p>\n<p>You can take steps to rebuild your credit such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Staying current on your bills<\/li>\n<li>Getting a new credit card or a secured credit card<\/li>\n<li>Trying not to borrow more than you can repay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Keep in mind that filing for bankruptcy might do more to help your credit than harm it. Consider what will happen if you continue to hold the debt and miss payments.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">Can You Get a New Car or Buy a House After Bankruptcy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Getting a car loan or a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/after-bankruptcy\/buying-a-house-after-bankruptcy--how-long-will-you-need-to-wait-.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mortgage<\/a>\u00a0will be difficult for a while\u00a0after your bankruptcy case ends. Over time, you can\u00a0rebuild\u00a0your credit by proving you can cover your expenses.\u00a0Getting a secured\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/debt-relief\/your-rights-under-the-credit-card-act.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">credit card<\/a>\u00a0or applying for installment loans may be good options for you to start building your credit.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">What If You Get Into Debt Again?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Depending on the timing between discharges, you may be able to file for bankruptcy again. Here is the timeline:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>From Chapter 7 to another Chapter 7: Eight years<\/li>\n<li>From Chapter 13 to another Chapter 13: Two years<\/li>\n<li>From Chapter 7 to Chapter 13: Four years<\/li>\n<li>From Chapter 13 to Chapter 7: Six years<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you don&#8217;t qualify for another bankruptcy or you don&#8217;t want to file again, you also have other options to becoming debt-free.<\/p>\n<h2><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">Still Have Questions? Speak to a Bankruptcy Attorney<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Bankruptcy gives you a fresh start, but it can be complicated and any mistakes can haunt your credit for a long, long time.\u00a0Unless you\u00a0have extensive knowledge of the bankruptcy laws and procedures,\u00a0\u00a0it&#8217;s a good idea to consider consulting with an attorney before\u00a0filing your bankruptcy petition. Given the potential\u00a0long-lasting consequences, it may be best to speak to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy-law\/?fli=dcta\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">bankruptcy lawyer<\/a>\u00a0to guide you based on your particular situation.<\/p>\n<h3><strong data-redactor-tag=\"strong\">Additional Resources:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/bankruptcy-overview.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Bankruptcy Overview<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/is-bankruptcy-a-good-idea-for-you.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Is Bankruptcy a Good Idea for You?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/will-filing-for-bankruptcy-cause-an-irs-audit.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Will Filing for Bankruptcy Cause an IRS Audit?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div 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