{"id":286888,"date":"2021-01-26T14:46:08","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T19:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/bankruptcy\/before-you-file\/can-i-file-bankruptcy-without-a-lawyer.html"},"modified":"2023-10-31T13:56:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-31T18:56:00","slug":"can-i-file-bankruptcy-without-a-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/before-you-file\/can-i-file-bankruptcy-without-a-lawyer.html","title":{"rendered":"Can I File Bankruptcy Without a Lawyer?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Can I File Bankruptcy Without a Lawyer?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/linda-sanabria-j-d\/\">Linda Sanabria, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-richmond-esq\/\">Susan Mills Richmond, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            October 31, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Yes, you can legally file for Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy without a lawyer. But should you?<\/p>\r\n<p>Every year, thousands of Americans find themselves unable to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/debt-relief\/repaying-debts.html\">pay off their debts<\/a>&nbsp;yet unable to afford bankruptcy. It is no surprise that&nbsp;attorneys&#8217; fees make up the lion&#8217;s share of bankruptcy expenses. So you might be wondering if&nbsp;a lawyer is really necessary to file for bankruptcy.&nbsp;It largely depends on the complexity of your case.<\/p>\r\n<p>For filers who own little property and don&#8217;t make much money, filing bankruptcy pro se, or&nbsp;without a lawyer,&nbsp;might be possible. Make no mistake, while&nbsp;filing for bankruptcy on your own can save you money, it&#8217;s a serious undertaking. You&#8217;ll have to pull together your financial documentation, file a lot of paperwork on time, and communicate with your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/what-is-bankruptcy\/what-is-a-trustee-in-bankruptcy-.html\">bankruptcy trustee<\/a>. <\/p>\r\n<p>You&#8217;ll also need to take the time to understand the bankruptcy basics, including the state and federal laws that apply.<\/p>\r\n<p>In this article, you&#8217;ll find a step-by-step guide to filing for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/chapter-7-how-it-works.html\">Chapter 7 bankruptcy<\/a>&nbsp;and a few tips to help make the process as simple and painless as possible.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Process<\/h2>\r\n<p>You should follow these steps when you file your bankruptcy case:<\/p>\r\n<h3>1. Determine Whether Your Income Meets the Means Test<\/h3>\r\n<p>When considering whether to file bankruptcy without a lawyer, the first step is to conduct a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/who-can-file-for-chapter-7-bankruptcy.html\">Means Test<\/a>&quot; to determine whether you qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.<\/p>\r\n<p>The federal government provides a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/forms\/means-test-forms\/chapter-7-means-test-calculation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">test form<\/a>. You can also find simplified versions of the test online. You&#8217;ll have to answer questions regarding:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Your monthly income<\/li>\r\n<li>Your debts,&nbsp;to see if they are dischargeable,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7\/exempt-vs-non-exempt-property-under-chapter-7.html\">non-exempt assets<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>The number of people in your household<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The bankruptcy process may be simple enough to handle on your own if the following conditions are met:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>You own few assets<\/li>\r\n<li>Your household income is below your state&#8217;s median<\/li>\r\n<li>You haven&#8217;t been accused of fraud<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>2.&nbsp;Obtain Your Credit Reports and Complete Courses From Credit Counseling Agencies<\/h3>\r\n<p>The next step is to obtain&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/credit-report.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">credit reports<\/a>&nbsp;from all three credit bureaus. You&#8217;ll need all three reports because creditors don&#8217;t typically report to every bureau. If you fail to report a debt, that debt will not apply to your bankruptcy discharge and it will not be wiped out.<\/p>\r\n<p>Next, U.S. courts require you to complete a&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/f/files\/pdf\/bankruptcy\/bankruptcy.findlaw.com_what-is-bankruptcy_bankruptcy-credit-counseling.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">credit counseling and financial literacy course<\/a>. The U.S. Trustee Program has a list of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ust\/eo\/bapcpa\/ccde\/cc_approved.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved credit education agencies<\/a>&nbsp;on its site.<\/p>\r\n<h3>3. Fill Out the Paperwork<\/h3>\r\n<p>Filling out the official bankruptcy forms is generally the most complicated and time-consuming task if you file bankruptcy without a lawyer.<\/p>\r\n<p>Download the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uslegalforms.com\/findlaw\/formspackages\/#bankruptcy_packages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bankruptcy forms package<\/a>&nbsp;to save time and stress tracking the necessary materials. The packages are inexpensive and provide all the forms you need to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in your state.<\/p>\r\n<p>Once you complete the forms, attach the relevant documents,&nbsp;such as bank account information and tax returns,&nbsp;and submit the paperwork with the filing fee in person or by mail. You must promptly respond to any correspondence from the bankruptcy trustee. Failure to do so can get your case dismissed.<\/p>\r\n<h3>4. Attend the Meeting of Creditors<\/h3>\r\n<p>You must attend your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/legal-terms\/3\/341-meeting.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting of creditors<\/a>&nbsp;on the scheduled date. Although your creditors won&#8217;t be present, the trustee will be and will ask you a number of standard questions about your case. Be sure to answer truthfully and accurately.<\/p>\r\n<h3>5. Take a Personal Financial Management Instruction Course<\/h3>\r\n<p>Finally, you must complete a post-filing Personal Financial Management Instruction Course within 45 days of your meeting of creditors. Look at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ust\/eo\/bapcpa\/ccde\/de_approved.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Trustee Program&#8217;s site<\/a>&nbsp;for an approved course near you. After you&#8217;ve completed the course, the last step is to wait to hear from the bankruptcy court whether your debts have been discharged.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How Hard Is It To File for Bankruptcy on Your Own?<\/h2>\r\n<p>You will need to understand the legal issues before filing the bankruptcy petition. How hard a case will be will also depend on other factors, including :<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The type of bankruptcy<\/li>\r\n<li>How complicated your case is<\/li>\r\n<li>Your current financial situation<\/li>\r\n<li>Whether you have other obligations like student loans, car loans,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-and-bankruptcy.html\">child support<\/a>, or&nbsp;alimony<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Even though your case may appear&nbsp;relatively uncomplicated, a bankruptcy case requires you to complete extensive paperwork and know the Bankruptcy Code well. It may&nbsp;be a good idea&nbsp;to have an initial consultation with an attorney to ensure you are on the right course.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Can You File if You Have No Money?<\/h2>\r\n<p>You must generally pay&nbsp;fees for&nbsp;filing, credit counseling, and financial management courses&nbsp;to finalize your bankruptcy petition.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you have no money, you can ask for a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/form_b103b.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fee waiver<\/a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-7.html\">Chapter 7 cases<\/a>&nbsp;or ask the bankruptcy judge to roll the payment in your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-13\/repayment-plan.html\">repayment plan<\/a>&nbsp;in Chapter 13 cases.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Chapter 13 Bankruptcies and Other Situations<\/h2>\r\n<p>While in some cases you can file bankruptcy without a lawyer, there are exceptions that&nbsp;depend&nbsp;on the type of bankruptcy. Some examples include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>You&#8217;ll need a bankruptcy lawyer if your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/business-bankruptcy.html\">corporation or partnership is facing bankruptcy<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li>If you fail the Means Test because your income is too high, you may have to file a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/chapter-13\/\">Chapter 13 bankruptcy<\/a>&nbsp;rather than a Chapter 7. In that case, you can still file for bankruptcy without a lawyer, but it will be more difficult. That&#8217;s because Chapter 13 cases are much more complicated than Chapter 7 bankruptcies and involve a payment plan.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>In addition to filling out the needed paperwork, you&#8217;ll have to create a repayment plan detailing how to repay your creditors. As with Chapter 7 cases, downloading a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uslegalforms.com\/findlaw\/bankruptcy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bankruptcy forms package<\/a>&nbsp;will help you stay organized by providing you with all the paperwork you need to file.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Looking For Debt Relief? Consider an Attorney Who Knows the Bankruptcy Procedure and Local Rules<\/h2>\r\n<p>Do not underestimate the power of legal help. Although filing bankruptcy without a bankruptcy law attorney may be possible, it may not always be your best route to proceed without legal advice. It can be challenging to navigate many federal rules, federal court, and learn about exemptions. Non-attorney petition preparers can help, but they can only do so much.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you need legal help with your bankruptcy filing or preparation, speak to a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bankruptcy attorney<\/a>&nbsp;near you and begin your fresh start.<\/p>\r\n<h3>More Useful Articles:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/before-you-file\/avoiding-credit-repair-and-credit-counseling-scams-.html\">Avoiding Credit Repair and Credit Counseling Scams<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/before-you-file\/checklists---sample-forms-.html\">Bankruptcy Checklists and Sample Forms<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/before-you-file\/sample-cease-communications-letter-to-creditor-.html\">Sample Cease Communications Letter To Creditor<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 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fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hiring an attorney can seem like a daunting expense when facing bankruptcy, but it&#8217;s crucial to get the process done correctly. 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