{"id":351457,"date":"2020-03-17T09:36:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-17T14:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-is-a-blanket-primary.html"},"modified":"2024-02-21T17:22:41","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T22:22:41","slug":"what-is-a-blanket-primary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-is-a-blanket-primary.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is a Blanket Primary?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is a Blanket Primary?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/samuel-strom-j-d\/\">Samuel Strom, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            February 21, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>A blanket primary allows voters to choose one candidate for each office, no matter the candidate&#8217;s party affiliation.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>The leading vote-getter from each party advances to the general election in a blanket primary.<i>&nbsp;<\/i>This differs from a traditional primary, in which voters can only vote for the candidate of their political party. Also, in a traditional primary, only one candidate advances to the general election. But, as of June 2023,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/Blanket_primary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no state or locality used blanket primaries<\/a>&nbsp;in its election process.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article describes blanket primaries. You will also learn more about:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The different types of primary elections<\/li>\r\n<li>How blanket primaries compare to other types of primaries<\/li>\r\n<li>The pros and cons of blanket primaries <\/li>\r\n<li>How and why some groups advocate for the reinstatement of blanket primaries<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Primary Elections: General Information<\/h2>\r\n<p>Primaries are how political parties choose their party&#8217;s nominees for the presidential election. Technically, the voters choose delegates. The delegates choose the candidates who will compete in the general election.<\/p>\r\n<p>Every state holds either a primary or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/how-does-a-caucus-work-.html\">caucus<\/a>. The states decide their primary rules and procedures.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-are-the-different-types-of-primary-elections-0.html\">Primaries<\/a>&nbsp;typically happen from January to June in an election year. The political parties hold their conventions following the primaries and caucuses.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are several&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-are-the-different-types-of-primary-elections-0.html\">types of primaries<\/a>, such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-is-a-closed-primary-.html\">Closed primaries<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Partially closed primaries<\/li>\r\n<li>Partially open primaries<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-is-an-open-primary-.html\">Open primaries<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Blanket primaries<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/Top-two_primary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Top-two primaries<\/a>&nbsp;(also known as jungle primaries)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This section briefly describes the above-listed election methods, except blanket primaries. The rest of the article describes blanket primaries.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Traditional\/Closed Primaries<\/h3>\r\n<p>In a traditional primary, also called a closed primary, voters may only vote for a candidate with the same party affiliation as the voter. For example, a voter who registers as a Republican may only vote for a Republican candidate. The registered Republican voter cannot vote in the Democratic primary or for a Democratic candidate.<\/p>\r\n<p>Ten states use closed primaries, including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/fl\/title-ix-electors-and-elections\/fl-st-sect-101-021.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Florida<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/election-law\/eln-sect-17-102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/pa\/title-25-ps-elections-electoral-districts\/pa-st-sect-25-299.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Partially Closed Primaries<\/h3>\r\n<p>States that use partially closed primaries allow &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/elections-and-campaigns\/state-primary-election-types\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unaffiliated voters or voters not registered with the party<\/a>&quot; to take part. Political parties have discretion about allowing one group to take part, such as unaffiliated voters. But they exclude voters registered with another party.<\/p>\r\n<p>Nine states use partially closed primaries, including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/md\/election-law\/md-code-elec-law-sect-8-202.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maryland<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/or\/title-23-elections\/or-rev-st-sect-254-365.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Partially Open Primaries<\/h3>\r\n<p>A partially open primary allows voters from one party to vote in another party&#8217;s primary. But, suppose a voter crosses party lines to vote in a partially open primary. In that case, the state may automatically register them as registered voters for the party they supported.<\/p>\r\n<p>In Iowa, for example, voters must generally note their party affiliation when registering to vote. If they vote for a different party, they must report the change in an eligibility&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/affidavit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affidavit<\/a>. The county commissioner in charge of voter registration must&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legis.iowa.gov\/docs\/code\/2023\/43.42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">note the change<\/a>&nbsp;in the precinct&#8217;s registration records.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilga.gov\/legislation\/ilcs\/ilcs4.asp?ActID=170&amp;SeqStart=40900000&amp;SeqEnd=46700000#:~:text=6-17-21.)-,(10%20ILCS%205\/7-44),-(from%20Ch.%2046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Illinois<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/iga.in.gov\/laws\/2023\/ic\/titles\/3#3-10-1-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indiana<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legis.iowa.gov\/docs\/code\/2023\/43.42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iowa<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.ohio.gov\/ohio-revised-code\/section-3513.19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ohio<\/a>&nbsp;use partially open primaries.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Open Primaries<\/h3>\r\n<p>States that have open primaries allow any registered voter to cast a ballot. They can vote for any candidate, regardless of the voter&#8217;s party registration. For example, a registered Democrat can vote for a Republican candidate. A voter cannot vote in more than one primary.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/mi\/chapter-168-michigan-election-law\/mi-comp-laws-168-531.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michigan<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/mt\/title-13-elections\/mt-code-ann-sect-13-10-301.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montana<\/a>, and 13 other states use open primaries.<\/p>\r\n<p>A variation of open primaries allows unaffiliated voters to take part in any primary. But, some states do not allow affiliated voters to vote in a party&#8217;s primary with which they do not affiliate. This system is &quot;open-to-unaffiliated voters.&quot;<\/p>\r\n<p>Seven states use the open-to-unaffiliated voters method, including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/az\/title-16-elections-and-electors\/az-rev-st-sect-16-467.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arizona<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gencourt.state.nh.us\/rsa\/html\/LXIII\/659\/659-14.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hampshire<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Top-Two\/Jungle Primaries<\/h3>\r\n<p>In a top-two primary, the two candidates who get the most votes advance to the general election. So, it does not guarantee that each party advances a candidate to the general election. For example, if two Libertarians get the most votes, they would advance, and no Republicans or Democrats would advance.<\/p>\r\n<p>Louisiana uses the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/Jungle_primary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top-two primary election process<\/a>. If a candidate gets more than 50% of the votes, they win the election. The top two vote-getters advance if no candidate gets a majority of votes. Louisiana then holds a second election, at which the candidate who gets the most votes wins. These types of second elections are &quot;runoff elections.&quot;<\/p>\r\n<p>Alaska, California, Louisiana, Nebraska, and Washington state all use some variation of the top-two primary. Alaska uses a top-four primary.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Blanket Primaries<\/h2>\r\n<p>A blanket primary differs from traditional and open primaries in two significant ways:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>A blanket primary lists every candidate on the ballot, regardless of party affiliation.<\/li>\r\n<li>A blanket primary guarantees that a candidate from each party will advance to the general election.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Note that, as of June 2023, no state uses blanket primaries.<\/p>\r\n<p>A blanket primary does not separate the candidates based on their party affiliations. Instead, every candidate appears on one ballot. For example, in a presidential primary, all the candidates appear on the ballot, whether Republican, Democrat or belong to a third party. In traditional or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-is-an-open-primary-.html\">open primaries<\/a>, only party members from a single party appear on the ballot.<\/p>\r\n<p>A blanket primary also guarantees one candidate from each party advances to the general election.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Flexibility at the Ballot Box<\/h3>\r\n<p>Blanket primaries appeal to voters by allowing them to act independently at the ballot box. The blanket primary offers voters the most choice and flexibility among primary election systems. It also offers third-party candidates a more level playing field.<\/p>\r\n<p>A blanket primary does not force voters to vote for a single party&#8217;s candidates. It also does not require voters to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-information-is-public-from-your-voting-record.html\">declare their affiliation<\/a> with one party. It allows a single voter to vote for various political party candidates. For example, a voter could cast a ballot for a Democratic candidate for Senate and a Republican candidate for governor.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Criticism of Blanket Primaries<\/h3>\r\n<p>Major political parties tend not to support blanket primaries. The parties tend to favor party loyalty and straight-ticket voting. As noted above, a blanket primary allows voters to vote across party lines.<\/p>\r\n<p>Critics also say blanket primaries encourage &quot;tactical&quot; voting. A voter might deliberately cast a ballot for the weakest candidate of the party they oppose.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Legal Battles Involving Blanket Primaries<\/h2>\r\n<p>In 1996, voters in California approved&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/California_Proposition_198,_Open_Blanket_Primary_Election_Initiative_(March_1996)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 198<\/a>. It created a blanket primary in certain state elections.<\/p>\r\n<p>Four political parties in California brought a lawsuit to overturn Proposition 198 (<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/530\/567.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>California Democratic Party v. Jones<\/i><\/a>). They argued the law infringed on their right to associate. Specifically, they argued that letting unaffiliated voters have a say in their party&#8217;s nomination process was unconstitutional.<\/p>\r\n<p>In June 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the parties. It ruled that California&#8217;s blanket primary law was unconstitutional. The Court reasoned that blanket primaries tend to mar the integrity of the party nominating process. The Court said this violates the parties&#8217; constitutional right to freedom of association.<\/p>\r\n<p>Later, court decisions used similar logic to strike down blanket primary systems in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sos.wa.gov\/elections\/data-research\/history-laws-and-litigation\/history-washington-state-primary#:~:text=The%20Ninth%20Circuit%20Court%20of,3d%201198%20(9th%20Cir.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elections.alaska.gov\/doc\/forms\/H42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alaska<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Are Blanket Primaries Making a Comeback?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Recently, several state legislatures have proposed bills that would create blanket primaries.<\/p>\r\n<p>In 2023,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pbswisconsin.org\/news-item\/wisconsin-lawmakers-propose-nonpartisan-blanket-primaries-and-ranked-choice-voting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wisconsin lawmakers proposed a bill<\/a>&nbsp;combining nonpartisan blanket primaries and ranked-choice voting. The bill focuses specifically on elections of congressional candidates. It proposes that every candidate appear on a single ballot, and the top five vote-getters advance to the general election. Voters would then engage in ranked-choice voting to determine the winners.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sdopenprimaries.org\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">South Dakota<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/idahocapitalsun.com\/2023\/08\/21\/idaho-primary-election-ballot-initiative-will-allow-independent-voters-to-finally-have-a-say\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Idaho<\/a>&nbsp;have also considered nonpartisan blanket primaries in their states.<\/p>\r\n<h3>You May Also Like<\/h3>\r\n<p>The following links offer more information about the general voting process:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/my-voting-guide\/--can-i-vote-in-my-primary---.html\">Can I Vote in My State&#8217;s Primary?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-are-the-different-types-of-primary-elections-0.html\">What Are the Different Types of Primary Elections?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-is-a-closed-primary-.html\">What Is a Closed Primary?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-is-an-open-primary-.html\">What Is an Open Primary?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s--elections-work\/what-are-the-different-types-of-primary-elections-0\/open-vs--closed-primary-elections-in-the-u-s-.html\">Open vs. Closed Primary Elections in the U.S.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>For more information, browse&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s Voting section<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Questions About Voting or Blanket Primaries? Contact an Attorney<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you have concerns about your voting rights or the public information contained in your voting record, legal advice is available. An experienced&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/constitutional-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights attorney<\/a>&nbsp;can help&nbsp;protect your rights and ensure your privacy. Contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">local attorney<\/a> today to get the support and guidance you need.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        \n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                src=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745902396\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1.png?_i=AA\"\n                alt=\"\"\n                loading=\"lazy\"\n            \/>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-content fl-flex fl-flex-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-text fl-mb25\">\n            <h4 class=\"fl-no-margin\">Enter your email address to subscribe<\/h4>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <form class=\"email-subscription-content-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distributionList\" value=\"latl\" \/>\n            <label for=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" class=\"fl-text-sm-bold\">Email (Required)<\/label>\n            <div class=\"email-subscription-content-form-group\">\n                <input id=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" name=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"\/>\n                <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-success subscribe-success-message fl-text-sm-bold\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"status\">Thank you for subscribing!<\/p>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-error subscribe-error-message fl-text-sm-bold\" role=\"alert\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/p>\n\n            <div id=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha\" class=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha subscribe-recaptcha\"\n                data-sitekey=\"0x4AAAAAAABGBEkK9kEeKxO-\"><\/div>\n        <\/form>\n\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-footer fl-text-sm\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/newsletters.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more about FindLaw\u2019s newsletters<\/a>, including our terms of use and privacy policy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"general-list\">\n    <h3>You May Also Like<\/h3>\n    <ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin\">\n                                    <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/my-voting-guide\/--can-i-vote-in-my-primary---.html\">\n                        Can I Vote in My State&#8217;s Primary?\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-are-the-different-types-of-primary-elections-0.html\">\n                        What Are the Different Types of Primary Elections?\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-is-a-closed-primary-.html\">\n                        What Is a Closed Primary?\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-is-an-open-primary-.html\">\n                        What Is an Open Primary?\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-are-the-different-types-of-primary-elections-0\/open-vs-closed-primary-elections-in-the-u-s-.html\">\n                        Open vs. Closed Primary Elections in the U.S.\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw\u2019s Voting section describes blanket primaries. Find the definition of a blanket primary, blanket primaries vs. open primaries, and more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":351439,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2731],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-351457","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-voting"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=351457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351457\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=351457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=351457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=351457"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=351457"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=351457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}