{"id":351592,"date":"2016-04-04T11:02:26","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T16:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/family\/adoption\/same-sex-adoption-tax-credit.html"},"modified":"2023-07-19T16:12:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T21:12:19","slug":"same-sex-adoption-tax-credit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/same-sex-adoption-tax-credit.html","title":{"rendered":"Same-Sex Adoption Tax Credit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Same-Sex Adoption Tax Credit<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/danielle-gilmore-esq\/\">Danielle Gilmore, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/rhonda-earhart-esq\/\">Rhonda Earhart, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            July 19, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>The same-sex adoption tax credit allowed married same-sex couples who adopted their partner&#8217;s child to take advantage of federal tax credits that were not available to married heterosexual couples. The use of this so-called credit lasted for 10 years.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Now that you can&#8217;t use this loophole, you can use the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/adoption-tax-credit.html\">federal adoption tax credit for adoption expenses<\/a>. This article focuses on the unique issues of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/adoption-and-same-sex-couples-basics.html\">same-sex couples<\/a>&nbsp;and the adoption tax credit.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h2>How the Adoption Tax Credit Works<\/h2>\r\n<p>To help promote adoption, the IRS allows adopting parents to claim an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/taxtopics\/tc607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adoption tax credit<\/a>, deducting qualifying adoption expenses from their federal tax obligations. The maximum amount you can claim varies by year ($14,890 per child for tax year 2022, for example). Some employers provide adoption assistance. You can claim an exclusion for those funds.<\/p>\r\n<p>When calculating your federal income tax obligations, the IRS won&#8217;t count this as income. Taxpayers may claim&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-pdf\/f8839.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">qualified expenses<\/a>&nbsp;even if the attempt was unsuccessful. Qualified adoption expenses include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Adoption fees<\/li>\r\n<li>Court costs and legal fees\/attorney fees<\/li>\r\n<li>Home study fees<\/li>\r\n<li>Traveling expenses, including meals and lodging<\/li>\r\n<li>Other expenses related principally to the adoption<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The adoption credit is nonrefundable and limited to your year&#8217;s tax liability. You must have tax obligations equal to or higher than the credit&#8217;s maximum to claim the total amount. The tax credit and exclusion are subject to income limitations. The limitations depend on your MAGI (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthcare.gov\/glossary\/modified-adjusted-gross-income-magi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modified adjusted gross income<\/a>) for tax year 2022. You aren&#8217;t eligible for the credit if you earned more than $263,410.&nbsp;You can claim part of the credit if your income is between $223,410 and $263,410.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Married Couples<\/h2>\r\n<p>Married couples may claim the tax credit when adopting a child together for private and public foster care adoptions. Or they can use the credit for international or domestic adoptions. But a married individual can&#8217;t claim the adoption tax credit for expenses paid when adopting the other spouse&#8217;s child. Expenses associated with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/types-of-adoption.html\">second-parent or step-parent adoptions<\/a>&nbsp;are&nbsp;<i>not&nbsp;<\/i>qualified adoption expenses for federal tax purposes. The IRS excludes second-parent and step-parent adoptions. The government wants to promote the legal adoption of an eligible child in the foster care system.<\/p>\r\n<p>Before 2013, married same-sex couples could claim this credit. For example, one spouse is the birth parent; the other adopts their partner&#8217;s child. Married same-sex couples could claim the adoption tax credit when their straight counterparts couldn&#8217;t. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/marriage\/the-defense-of-marriage-act-and-the-call-for-a-constitutional.html\">Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)<\/a>&nbsp;prevented the federal government from treating them as married. If one spouse wanted to adopt the child of their spouse, they could deduct the expenses associated with that adoption because the IRS refused to recognize same-sex couples as married.<\/p>\r\n<p>The use of the adoption tax credit in this way ended when the Supreme Court struck down DOMA as unconstitutional in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/us-supreme-court\/12-307.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>United States v. Windsor<\/i><\/a>. Today, the IRS treats married same-sex couples the same as opposite-sex couples.<\/p>\r\n<p>Married couples (gay or straight) may still deduct expenses related to adopting a new child that was not already the legal child of either spouse.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Unmarried Couples<\/h2>\r\n<p>The adoption tax credit works differently for unmarried couples. When one partner adopts the other&#8217;s child, they can claim the adoption tax credit. Qualified adoption expenses include expenses incurred when a registered&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-partnerships\/what-is-a-domestic-partnership.html\">domestic partner<\/a>&nbsp;or individual adopts their partner&#8217;s child through a second-parent adoption.<\/p>\r\n<p>If one partner has a child, the couple may consider completing a second-parent adoption before marriage. Then they can take advantage of the adoption tax credit.<\/p>\r\n<p>The adoption tax credit is nonrefundable. So, whichever partner has the highest tax liability should pay for the adoption expenses. Then you can get the highest deduction available.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Adopted Child With Special Needs<\/h2>\r\n<p>Adoptive families who adopt foster care children who receive adoption assistance get credit for a special needs adoption. This is true even if the child is not disabled. If a child is disabled but does not receive assistance, the government does not consider it a special needs adoption.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help With Same-Sex Adoption and Tax Credits<\/h2>\r\n<p>The same-sex adoption tax credit no longer works as it used to, but substantial tax law issues remain when a couple seeks to adopt. If you have questions about adoption laws and navigating the same-sex adoption process or tax incentives for adopting, consider getting legal help. Contact a qualified&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/adoption\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adoption attorney<\/a>&nbsp;near you.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g 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height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div 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          class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    It is a good idea to have an attorney for complex adoptions\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    An attorney can ensure you meet all legal requirements and that your adoption is finalized appropriately\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    An attorney can help protect the best interests of adoptive children, adoptive families, and birth parents\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    For simple adoptions, you may be able to do the paperwork on your own or by using an agency\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored advice at any point in the adoption process. 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Take the time to add new beneficiaries to your will and name a guardian for any minor children. Consider creating a financial power of attorney so your agent can pay bills and make sure your children are provided for. A health care directive explains your health care decisions and takes the decision-making burden off your children when they become adults.<\/span><\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning.html\" class=\"action-card-layout__button fl-button fl-link-button secondary\">\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Start Planning<\/span>\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw&#8217;s article on same-sex adoption and tax credits. 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