{"id":351685,"date":"2016-04-04T11:02:29","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T16:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/family\/child-support\/child-support-determining-parents-income.html"},"modified":"2023-06-08T15:18:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T20:18:15","slug":"child-support-determining-parents-income","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-determining-parents-income.html","title":{"rendered":"Child Support: Determining Parents&#8217; Income"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Child Support: Determining Parents&#039; Income<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/danielle-gilmore-esq\/\">Danielle Gilmore, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 08, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>Courts examine many factors when crafting a child support order. One of these factors is the parent&#8217;s income. The court will look at the income the parent receives from all sources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Because the basic child support obligation is based on income, parents must understand what funds can be considered income under the child support guidelines. It&#8217;s also essential for parents to understand what funds are excluded from income.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h2>Calculating Child Support<\/h2>\r\n<p>While income plays a prominent role in setting the amount of support, custody of the child is also important. The number of children supported is also considered. Typically, the non-custodial parent pays the parent who has physical custody.<\/p>\r\n<p>Whether you&#8217;re the paying parent or the parent who receives child support, you want to know how much child support will be paid. You might use a child support calculator to estimate the guideline amount. Your state has a formula for calculating child support. The formula usually begins with the parents&#8217; monthly income.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Determining Income for Purposes of Child Support<\/h2>\r\n<p>Before the court sets a child support amount for the child support order, the judge considers the state law in their jurisdiction. Each&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/state-specific-child-support-information-and-guidelines.html\">state&#8217;s child support guidelines<\/a>&nbsp;give guidance for a child support amount. The guidelines also include a definition of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/tax\/federal-taxes\/what-is-gross-income-.html\">gross income<\/a>. The definition of income must consider all earnings from both parents.<\/p>\r\n<p>States vary, but there is a lot of uniformity. Typically, a parent&#8217;s gross income includes money received from any source. This list is not exhaustive. Sources include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Salaries and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/taxtopics\/tc401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wages.<\/a>&nbsp;Including tips, commissions, bonuses, profit sharing, deferred compensation, and severance pay<\/li>\r\n<li>Income from overtime and second jobs. Income from contractual agreements. And investment and interest income, including dividends<\/li>\r\n<li>Pension income<\/li>\r\n<li>Trust or estate income<\/li>\r\n<li>Annuities<\/li>\r\n<li>Capital gains unless the gain is nonrecurring in some states, in which case it may be necessary to prove at a later time that it occurred only once<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social Security<\/a>&nbsp;benefits<\/li>\r\n<li>Veterans&#8217; benefits<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/military\/family-employment-housing\/military-child-support-key-legal-issues.html\">Military<\/a>&nbsp;personnel fringe benefits<\/li>\r\n<li>National Guard and Reserve drill pay<\/li>\r\n<li>Benefits received in place of earned income. Examples: workers&#8217; compensation benefits, unemployment insurance benefits, strike pay, and disability insurance benefits<\/li>\r\n<li>Gifts and prizes, including lottery and gambling winnings<\/li>\r\n<li>Education grants: including fellowships. Or subsidies that are available for personal living expenses and educational expenses<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/divorce\/spousal-support-alimony-basics.html\">Alimony<\/a>\/spousal support received<\/li>\r\n<li>Income from self-employment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Examples of self-employment include rental income from real estate property. Or royalties and benefits allocated to an individual under a business\/proprietorship. This also applies to various forms, including partnerships, joint ventures, close corporations, agencies or independent contractors.<\/p>\r\n<p>Non-money items or employment &quot;perks,&quot; including using a company car, free housing, and reimbursed expenses, are income. This is true when these fringe benefits reduce personal living expenses. Note these nice perks can produce income tax implications.<\/p>\r\n<p>Child support guidelines include income from any funds available to the parent. You figure out the net income after you get the parent&#8217;s gross income. Remember that a child dependency exemption impacts the net income.<\/p>\r\n<p>You can subtract some items from the gross income to reach the net income. This includes:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Actual state and federal income taxes<\/li>\r\n<li>Taxes from Social Security and Medicare<\/li>\r\n<li>Payroll deductions for retirement, union dues, or state disability insurance<\/li>\r\n<li>Health insurance premiums for parents and child<\/li>\r\n<li>Deductions for major financial hardships \u2014 used if the judge finds that it&#8217;s necessary for a parent&#8217;s special needs, like for health care or major medical expenses<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>&#8216;Unrealized&#8217; Parental Income and Child Support<\/h2>\r\n<p>Because the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-guidelines.html\">child support guidelines<\/a>&nbsp;seek to define income as broadly as possible, the question arises about whether &quot;unrealized&quot; income is income for child support cases. &quot;Unrealized&quot; income exists only on paper but has not been received. Following is a discussion of different sources of unrealized income and states&#8217; approaches to categorizing these sources as income for child support payments.<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li><b>Individual Retirement Accounts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/socialsecurity\/retirement-planning\/ira-plan-faq.html\">IRAs<\/a>)&nbsp;<\/b><i>\u2014<\/i>&nbsp;A common question in determining child support is whether the interest earned on an IRA should be considered income when the interest is not withdrawn but merely reinvested into the IRA.<\/li>\r\n<li><b>Unrealized Gains from Unexercised Stock Options<\/b><i>&nbsp;<\/i>\u2014 In one case, a court in Ohio held that the capital gains an employee could realize from exercising stock options was to be considered income for child support, even though the options had not yet been exercised. But this is rare.<\/li>\r\n<li><b>Retained Earnings of a Corporation, Partnership, or Sole Proprietorshi<\/b>p<i>&nbsp;\u2014<\/i>&nbsp;States are divided on whether retained earnings of a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/types-of-business-structures.html\">corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship<\/a>&nbsp;should be considered income for child support. Some states have held that the retained earnings of a business are income for purposes of child support, while others determine that such income is not. Still, other states take a middle ground \u2014 holding that whether retained earnings of a business are income will depend on whether the parent paying support is a majority owner of the business and is thus entitled to the retained earnings.<\/li>\r\n<li><b>Income From a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/trusts\/trusts-an-overview.html\">Trust<\/a><\/b><i><b>&nbsp;<\/b>\u2014<\/i>&nbsp;Sometimes, people make estate planning decisions resulting in fictional income. Fictional income is income that is reported to the Internal Revenue Service as income but is not received.<\/li>\r\n<li><b>Capital Gains from Stock Transactions<\/b><i>&nbsp;\u2014<\/i>&nbsp;In a New York case, the court held that capital gains qualifying as tax fiction should not be considered income for child support purposes. Tax fiction refers to gains reported to the Internal Revenue Service but not received. Other states have held that all capital gains are to be considered income for child support.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2>Modifying a Child Support Order<\/h2>\r\n<p>Either parent can ask for a change in court-ordered support. A change in the amount of time the parent spends with the child, or a change in a child&#8217;s needs are modification reasons. Because income is tied to the child support amount, a change in income is a possible reason for the modification. Some courts do not consider a new spouse&#8217;s income a valid reason to change child support.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Imputing Income<\/h2>\r\n<p>The paying parent may change their income to avoid their child support obligation. They remain unemployed or underemployed on purpose. The non-paying parent can request that the judge &quot;impute&quot; income. This means that the judge assigns the parent income they are not earning. They credit the parent with income equal to their earning capacity. The custodial parent must prove that the parent could be making more money. Or that the paying parent is hiding funds. You can use the other parent&#8217;s tax returns, employment history, or educational history as potential proof.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help Determining a Parent&#8217;s Income for Child Support<\/h2>\r\n<p>Child support amounts depend on the income of both parents. Do you know how much income your spouse makes? Even if you know their annual salary, you may not realize that they have more income that they&#8217;d rather not disclose. An attorney can bring these other sources of income out of the shadows and help you get the financial support your child needs to thrive. Find an experienced&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/child-support\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">child support attorney<\/a>&nbsp;near you for peace of mind and sound legal advice.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n         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class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Some states allow you to set up child support with forms and court processes\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You may need legal help to set up or modify child support arrangements\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    If there is conflict, an attorney can advise if the other parent&#8217;s actions are legal\u00a0\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored advice about paying or receiving child support. 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             <div class=\"fl-image-card__content\">\n            <div class=\"action-card-layout\">\n                <h2 class=\"action-card-layout__heading\">\n                    Don&#8217;t Forget About Estate Planning\n                <\/h2>\n                <div class=\"action-card-layout__content fl-text-lg\">\n                    <p>Once new child support arrangements are in place, it\u2019s an ideal time to create or change your&nbsp;<a title=\"DIY Forms\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning.html\">estate planning forms<\/a>. Take the time to add new beneficiaries to your will and name a guardian for any minor children. Consider creating a financial power of attorney so your agent can pay bills and make sure your children are provided for. A health care directive explains your health care decisions and takes the decision-making burden off your children when they become adults.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning.html\" class=\"action-card-layout__button fl-button fl-link-button secondary\">\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Start Planning<\/span>\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw&#8217;s article on child support income definitions for parents can help you predict the amount that should be paid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":351672,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2730],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-351685","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-family"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=351685"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351685\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=351685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=351685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=351685"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=351685"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=351685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}