{"id":352038,"date":"2023-09-18T12:44:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T17:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/cyber-bullying.html"},"modified":"2023-09-18T12:44:40","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T17:44:40","slug":"cyber-bullying","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/cyber-bullying.html","title":{"rendered":"Cyberbullying Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Cyberbullying Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/jade-chounlamountry-esq\/\">Jade Chounlamountry, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/rhonda-earhart-esq\/\">Rhonda Earhart, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            September 18, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Cyberbullying&nbsp;is using the internet or mobile technology to harass, intimidate, or cause harm to another. Many such cases are civil matters, but certain cyberbullying situations can be a crime.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bullying is hardly a new problem. However, it has moved from the school grounds, the bus, and neighborhood parks to social media sites and text messages.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nearly all states have bullying laws in place to address&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-conduct-and-discipline\/bullying.html\">traditional bullying<\/a>. A growing number have online bullying or electronic harassment provisions.<\/p>\n<p>For more information about a cyberbullying case, you can get advice from a lawyer. You may want to talk to a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal or juvenile defense attorney<\/a> if you face penalties for cyberbullying. You may need a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer.html\">different type of attorney<\/a> if you want to stop online harassment agianst you or your child.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Why Is Cyberbullying Such a Serious Problem?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/what-is-cyberbullying.html\">Cyberbullying<\/a> can be as traumatizing as \u2014 if not more traumatizing than \u2014 traditional forms of bullying.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>It is persistent.<\/b>&nbsp;Cyberbullying can occur at any hour of the day or night.<\/li>\n<li><b>It is ever-present.<\/b>&nbsp;The bullying happens through the victim&#8217;s electronics. Typical outlets include group chats, social media sites, and gaming communities.<\/li>\n<li><b>It is permanent.<\/b>&nbsp;&quot;The internet is forever,&quot; as the saying goes. Unflattering images and defamatory lies can influence every area of a young person&#8217;s life.<\/li>\n<li><b>It is less visible to adults.<\/b>&nbsp;School officials and parents might see bruises if the bully causes physical harm to the child. They might never see what happens on a cellphone or in an internet community.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cyberbullying attacks on a young person&#8217;s character and self-esteem become a source of emotional distress. They can cause embarrassment, shame, anxiety, and depression. Cyberbullying has played a role in many teen suicides.<\/p>\n<p>For example, a high school student takes an unflattering picture of a classmate. They send it to all of their friends (via mobile phone) with hurtful comments. Then dozens of classmates target the student. Instead of dealing with one bully, the victim now faces online harassment from a group of people. The photo goes viral. It attracts attention from strangers, some of whom join in the teasing. This creates a terrible situation for a young person who is excruciatingly attuned to peer pressure. The results can be tragic.<\/p>\n<p>In 2017, the parents of 12-year-old&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnewyork.com\/news\/local\/new-jersey-family-12-year-old-mallory-grossman-bullying-suicide-sues-school\/229195\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mallory Grossman<\/a>&nbsp;filed a lawsuit against their daughter&#8217;s school district for gross negligence. The parents repeatedly told school officials about the bullying happening via texts, Snapchat, and Instagram. They also considered suing the parents of the cyberbullying peers.<\/p>\n<h2>Common Cyberbullying Tactics<\/h2>\n<p>According to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/stopbullying.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StopBullying.gov<\/a>, cyberbullying can take many forms. These include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Posting a mean or unflattering picture or video of a classmate<\/li>\n<li>Posting rumors (or starting rumors)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-conduct-and-discipline\/cyberbullying-and-social-media.html\">on a social media platform<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Threatening people via text message<\/li>\n<li>&quot;Outing&quot; someone&#8217;s sexual orientation or gender identity, i.e., disclosing that information to others without the person&#8217;s consent<\/li>\n<li>Sending messages telling someone to kill themself<\/li>\n<li>Pretending to be someone else online in order to become online &quot;friends&quot; and then expose someone<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Is Cyberbullying a Crime?<\/h2>\n<p>Until the mid-2000s, there were no specific cyberbullying laws. However, legislators have not been blind to the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/cyberbullying-statistics.html\">increasing number of high-publicized incidents<\/a>&nbsp;of suicide and school violence. Some states leave law enforcement in the hands of school officials. Cases of cyberbullying are often treated as a civil rather than a criminal law matter.<\/p>\n<p>Some criminal prosecutors have been able to use existing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/harassment.html\">criminal harassment<\/a>&nbsp;laws to prosecute cyberbullies in public schools. More<a href=\"https:\/\/cyberbullying.org\/Bullying-and-Cyberbullying-Laws.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&nbsp;than half of U.S. states<\/a>&nbsp;now include &quot;cyberbullying&quot; in their broader bullying or harassment laws. Most states also include a prohibition on &quot;electronic harassment.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>The trend is to hold offenders accountable for bullying behavior both on and off campus. Only about a dozen states have school sanctions for cyberbullying actions committed off campus. Depending on the state, victims may be able to seek remedies in civil courts or try to convince criminal prosecutors to take the behavior seriously enough to consider criminal charges.<\/p>\n<p>In the ever-evolving landscape of cyberbullying legislation, the issue makes for a difficult balancing act. Protecting individuals from harm may be at odds with safeguarding free speech rights under federal law. Many states have enacted laws addressing cyberbullying. Still, curbing harmful online behavior without infringing on free speech remains a topic of much debate and legal scrutiny.<\/p>\n<h2>Examples of State Cyberbullying Laws<\/h2>\n<p>Most states have school sanctions for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-conduct-and-discipline\/specific-state-laws-against-bullying.html\">cyberbullying or cyberstalking<\/a>&nbsp;in general. Below is a sampling of state laws addressing cyberbullying.<\/p>\n<h3>California<\/h3>\n<p>Bullying in an educational facility includes&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/education-code\/edc-sect-48900.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">communications by electronic means<\/a>. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/education-code\/edc-sect-234.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Place to Learn Act<\/a>&nbsp;and other sections establish a student&#8217;s &quot;right to attend classes on school campuses that are safe, secure, and peaceful.&quot; Using an electronic device to cause someone to fear for their life (an extreme form of bullying) can be&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/penal-code\/pen-sect-653-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">charged as a misdemeanor<\/a>, punishable by up to one year in jail and\/or a fine of up to $1,000.<\/p>\n<h3>Florida<\/h3>\n<p>The state&#8217;s &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/fl\/title-xlviii-k20-education-code\/fl-st-sect-1006-147.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeffrey Johnston Stand Up for All Students Act<\/a>&quot; prohibits bullying of any K-12 student or staff member. It explicitly references cyberbullying, or &quot;bullying through the use of technology or any electronic communication.&quot; The law does not include criminal sanctions. It directs school districts to draft policies and to report instances of bullying. Schools can suspend or expel students found guilty of bullying. Unfortunately, enforcement varies from district to district. Some schools have used cyberbullying rules to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/projects.tampabay.com\/projects\/2021\/investigations\/tampa-school\/unprotected\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">punish students who report sexual assault<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Missouri<\/h3>\n<p>Cyberbullying is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/mo\/title-xi-education-and-libraries\/mo-rev-st-160-775.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defined by Missouri statute<\/a>&nbsp;as including but not limited to &quot;a message, text, sound, or image by means of an electronic device.&quot; School employees must report instances of bullying. An individual who uses social media to bully another person with violent threats may be&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/mo\/title-xxxviii-crimes-and-punishment-peace-officers-and-public-defenders\/mo-rev-st-565-090.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">charged with harassment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Offenses are typically classified as misdemeanors. They can escalate to felonies if the actions are carried out with the intent to cause emotional distress and if these actions indeed result in the victim experiencing emotional distress. Penalties also increase if the defendant has a prior harassment conviction.<\/p>\n<h2>What Are the Penalties for Cyberbullying Cases?<\/h2>\n<p>The main difference among state cyberbullying laws is whether sanctions are administrative or criminal. Florida requires school policies but does not define criminal charges. Missouri can charge a cyberbullying offender in criminal court, but only for violent threats.<\/p>\n<p>So, depending on the state laws, the penalties for cyberbullying can range from school suspension or expulsions to jail time.<\/p>\n<p>While parents whose children have been bullied want a stricter approach to bullying, civil rights organizations \u2014&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.acluwv.org\/en\/news\/cyberbullying-bill-criminalizes-youth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including the American Civil Liberties Union<\/a>&nbsp;(ACLU) \u2014 criticize using the criminal justice system to penalize children. They tend to advocate for the school administration to handle student behavior problems.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers tips on bullying prevention and anti-bullying policies at its&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/stopbullying.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StopBullying.gov<\/a>&nbsp;website.<\/p>\n<h2>Learn More About Cyberbullying Laws From an Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>Cyberbullying is a rapidly evolving area of law, and the laws vary from state to state. If you or someone close to you is charged with cyberbullying, get legal advice from an experienced&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>&nbsp;in your area. They can explain the current state of cyberbullying and harassment laws in your state.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path 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