{"id":352039,"date":"2023-10-04T12:33:10","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T17:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/cyber-crimes.html"},"modified":"2023-10-04T12:33:10","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T17:33:10","slug":"cyber-crimes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/cyber-crimes.html","title":{"rendered":"Cyber Crimes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Cyber Crimes<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/jade-chounlamountry-esq\/\">Jade Chounlamountry, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/rhonda-earhart-esq\/\">Rhonda Earhart, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 04, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Cybercrime has emerged as a significant threat in the digital age. The term covers many illegal activities conducted via computer networks, systems, and the internet.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>These offenses range from state-level misdemeanors to federal crimes with substantial prison sentences. The landscape of computer crimes is ever-evolving, encompassing many illicit activities.<\/p>\n<p>This article covers several serious crimes involving the use of computers, including:<br>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Distribution of child pornography<\/li>\n<li>Identity theft<\/li>\n<li>Cyberbullying<\/li>\n<li>Hacking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any type of computer crime charges calls for a robust defense from day one. You may need to take certain actions immediately to avoid destroying evidence or furthering the crime. Speak with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> as early in your case as possible.&nbsp;Getting legal help is a fundamental step in protecting your rights.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Child Pornography and Internet Crimes<\/h2>\n<p>One of the most heinous cybercrimes is distributing and possessing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/child-pornography.html\">child pornography<\/a>. These criminal offenses violate federal and state law. Criminals caught engaging in such activities may face severe criminal charges. Law enforcement agencies, including the FBI, have dedicated units to combat child pornography and related criminal cases.<\/p>\n<h2>White Collar Crimes and Financial Gain<\/h2>\n<p>Many cybercrimes are&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/white-collar-crime.html\">white-collar crimes<\/a>. They involve financial gain through illegal means. This includes wire fraud, extortion, and other related crimes. Today, traditional scams through mail and phone calls have migrated to the online world. New cyber scams pop up all the time. Types of internet fraud include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/wire-fraud.html\">Wire fraud<\/a>&nbsp;uses electronic communications to deceive individuals or entities for financial gain. Communications include emails, phone calls, or messaging apps. Wire fraud schemes can be elaborate and advanced, making them difficult to trace.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/identity-theft.html\">Identity theft<\/a>&nbsp;is stealing someone&#8217;s personal information for financial gain.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/credit-debit-card-fraud.html\">Credit card fraud<\/a>&nbsp;is stolen credit card information used for unauthorized transactions.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/extortion.html\">Extortion<\/a>&nbsp;threatens to disclose sensitive or damaging information unless a ransom is paid.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/what-is-email-phishing-and-spoofing-.html\">Phishing<\/a>&nbsp;is a type of email fraud. Scammers send fake emails that look real. They intend to trick people into sharing their personal and financial information. These emails are often from trusted websites like PayPal, eBay, MSN, or Google. Phishing, like a fishing trip, is a gamble. Scammers use bait in the hope that it will lure people in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Cyberbullying, Cyberstalking, and Related Activity<\/h2>\n<p>Cyberbullying and cyberstalking are two forms of cybercrime. Both focus on harassing people through electronic means. For example, text messages and social media platforms are often used to contact an unsuspecting target.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/cyber-bullying.html\">Cyberbullying<\/a>&nbsp;involves using digital tools to intimidate, threaten, or harm someone emotionally. This could include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sending hurtful messages<\/li>\n<li>Spreading false rumors<\/li>\n<li>Sharing embarrassing photos online<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The aim is to torment the victim and cause emotional distress.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.findlaw.com\/blog\/what-is-cyberstalking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyberstalking&nbsp;<\/a>goes a step further. It often involves a pattern of online harassment to intimidate or make the victim feel unsafe. This may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Relentless messages<\/li>\n<li>Tracking someone&#8217;s online activity<\/li>\n<li>Physical threats<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These cybercrimes can leave deep emotional scars on victims. They impact victims&#8217; mental well-being and sometimes even their physical safety.<\/p>\n<p>Recognizing and reporting cyberstalking and cyberbullying is essential to protect yourself and others.<\/p>\n<h2>Cyberattacks and Denial of Service<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/blogs\/manufacturing-innovation-blog\/how-respond-cyber-attack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyberattacks&nbsp;<\/a>are a broad category of cybercrimes. Cyberattacks include various malicious activities conducted over computer systems and networks. Cyberattacks come in various forms. One example is distributed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/technologist\/distributed-denial-of-service-attacks-are-still-cause-for-concern\/\">denial-of-service (DDoS)<\/a>&nbsp;attacks or more sophisticated intrusions into government computer systems. These attacks can pose threats to national security and intellectual property. Perpetrators of cyberattacks can face severe consequences under federal law. Within this category, two forms of cyberattacks are computer viruses and computer hacking.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisa.gov\/news-events\/news\/virus-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Computer viruses<\/a>&nbsp;are harmful software that copy themselves and infect other computer systems or files. They can spread through email attachments, infected downloads, or compromised websites. Once inside a computer, they can cause damage, steal sensitive info, or make the system stop working. Being a victim of a computer virus can be devastating. Viruses can seriously harm your finances and reputation, whether you&#8217;re an individual or a company.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/when-is-computer-hacking-a-crime\/\">Computer hacking<\/a>&nbsp;is when someone accesses computer systems, networks, or data without permission. They do it for reasons like making money or spying. Hackers use harmful software or trick people into giving away information to get past online security. Hacking can take many forms. These intrusions can compromise national security,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/intellectual-property.html\">intellectual property<\/a>, and confidential information. Perpetrators of computer hacking can face severe consequences under state and federal law.<\/p>\n<h2>Protection of Computer Systems and Networks<\/h2>\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/jm\/jm-9-48000-computer-fraud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)<\/a>&nbsp;focuses on safeguarding government and other protected computers. The CFAA is a law at the federal level criminalizing unauthorized access to computer systems. These terms are crucial in understanding how the CFAA helps protect computer systems and networks.<\/p>\n<h3>Computer Data Protection<\/h3>\n<p>One of the objectives of the CFAA is to protect computer data from unauthorized access and criminal activities. Computer data encompasses a variety of information stored electronically. Data includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Personal documents<\/li>\n<li>Financial records<\/li>\n<li>Sensitive corporate data<\/li>\n<li>Government files<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The CFAA makes it illegal for people to access or change this data without authorization. Unauthorized access to computer data can lead to criminal charges, depending on the intent and severity.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, hacking into a person&#8217;s email account to steal information violates the CFAA and can result in criminal charges. Hacking a company&#8217;s database to steal proprietary data can also lead to serious legal consequences. The hacker could face criminal charges as well as civil litigation.<\/p>\n<h3>Protection of Stored Communications<\/h3>\n<p>The CFAA also protects stored communications. This includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Emails<\/li>\n<li>Instant messages<\/li>\n<li>Other electronic messages stored on computer systems or servers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to know that the CFAA forbids unauthorized access to these communications. This part protects people&#8217;s privacy. It ensures that electronic communications remain secure.<\/p>\n<h3>Federal Enforcement and Penalties<\/h3>\n<p>The CFAA grants federal government agencies the authority to investigate and prosecute cybercrimes. Offenders can face severe consequences under federal law, including substantial fines and imprisonment. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nacdl.org\/Landing\/ComputerFraudandAbuseAct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sentencing guidelines<\/a>&nbsp;for CFAA violations vary depending on the nature and extent of the offense. Misdemeanor charges may apply in less severe cases. More serious breaches can result in felony charges and lengthy prison sentences. The CFAA also allows for civil lawsuits. Victims can seek damages and injunctive relief against those responsible for cybercrimes.<\/p>\n<h2>Why You Need a Criminal Defense Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>Cybercrimes are constantly changing. Criminals adapt to exploit weaknesses in computer technology and electronic communications. If you or someone you know is being investigated for a cybercrime, you should contact a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawyer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In most states, computer crimes are felonies. That means there&#8217;s a risk of serious jail or state prison sentences. You will want a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal law attorney<\/a>&nbsp;who can provide the aggressive representation needed for this type of crime.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex criminal defense situations usually require a lawyer\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium 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