{"id":352093,"date":"2025-01-14T15:34:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T20:34:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/is-domestic-violence-a-felony-or-misdemeanor.html"},"modified":"2025-06-02T14:00:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T19:00:03","slug":"is-domestic-violence-a-felony-or-misdemeanor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/is-domestic-violence-a-felony-or-misdemeanor.html","title":{"rendered":"Is Domestic Violence a Felony or Misdemeanor?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Is Domestic Violence a Felony or Misdemeanor?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/balrina-ahluwalia-esq\/\">Balrina Ahluwalia, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 02, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>All 50 states consider domestic violence a crime, but whether it\u2019s a misdemeanor or a felony depends on where the incident happened and the specifics in each case.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Most domestic violence cases are state-level crimes. This makes the <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/penal-code.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">penal code<\/a> in the state of the incident very important. A penal code is a set of criminal laws. It defines offenses and outlines their corresponding punishments.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding the relevant penal code is critical to any criminal case. It allows a criminal defense attorney to strategize and effectively defend their client. This often involves negotiating a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/plea-bargain.html\">plea bargain<\/a> to reduce charges and penalties.<\/p>\n<p>The laws, punishments, and legal defenses for domestic violence can vary among the states. Still, they are based on shared legal principles.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, see which factors affect domestic violence charges, the penalties, and legal defenses for the accused. You can also meet with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a> to better understand your specific case.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Domestic Violence?<\/h2>\n<p>Generally, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-violence\/types-of-domestic-violence.html\">domestic violence offenses<\/a> involve one or more of the following acts of violence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Physical abuse<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/sexual-assault-overview.html\">Sexual assault<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Domestic assault<\/li>\n<li>Emotional abuse<\/li>\n<li>Domestic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/battery-basics.html\">battery<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Threats of violence<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/child-abuse-overview.html\">Child abuse<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Child endangerment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Child endangerment is when someone puts a child in a situation that could harm their health, safety, or welfare. Many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/family-laws\/child-abuse.html\">states&#8217; criminal laws<\/a> categorize it as domestic violence if it happens within the family or home.<\/p>\n<h2>Who Qualifies as a Victim of Domestic Violence?<\/h2>\n<p>Each state or <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/jurisdiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction<\/a> may have slightly different legal definitions of who qualifies as an alleged victim of domestic violence. They can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Current or former spouse or intimate partner<\/li>\n<li>Current or former cohabitant or household member<\/li>\n<li>Current or former dating partner<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/parental-rights-and-liability\/parenting-legal-tips.html#:~:text=Co%2Dparenting%20describes%20how%20parents%20who%20live%20apart%20raise%20their%20children%20together.\">Co-parent<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Family members<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many states include parents, children, siblings, grandparents, and in-laws as family members.<\/p>\n<h2>Felony or Misdemeanor?<\/h2>\n<p>Defendants may face <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/what-distinguishes-a-misdemeanor-from-a-felony.html\">felony or misdemeanor<\/a> charges for domestic violence allegations. Felonies are more serious crimes. Misdemeanors are less severe offenses.<\/p>\n<p>Not surprisingly, felonies carry harsher punishments than misdemeanors. For example, a felony charge could mean longer sentences for incarceration and higher fines.<\/p>\n<p>But even misdemeanors can have serious consequences. A misdemeanor domestic violence conviction may affect things like gun ownership rights and immigration status.<\/p>\n<h3>Relevant Factors for Classifying Domestic Violence Charges<\/h3>\n<p>Whether the charge is a felony or misdemeanor depends on several factors. They include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Jurisdiction:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-violence\/state-domestic-violence-legislation.html\">State laws classifying domestic violence offenses<\/a> vary. The state where the incident happened has jurisdiction over the case.<\/li>\n<li><b>Severity of the offense:<\/b> States classify more serious incidents as felonies. Severity turns on the facts, including whether <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/serious-bodily-injury.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">serious bodily injury<\/a> happened.<\/li>\n<li><b>Prior convictions:<\/b> Prosecutors and courts tend to consider the defendant&#8217;s criminal history. Repeat offenders may face felony charges for a misdemeanor.<\/li>\n<li><b>Weapons:<\/b> Use of a deadly weapon often results in a felony charge. The involvement of a firearm increases the potential for physical injury.<\/li>\n<li><b>Extent of injuries:<\/b> Domestic violence that causes severe bodily injury will usually result in a felony charge. The state imposes harsher charges for these incidents to <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/deterrence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deter<\/a> them.<\/li>\n<li><b>Violation of <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-violence\/domestic-violence-orders-of-protection-and-restraining-orders.html\"><b>protective orders<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b> This can elevate the charge to a felony in some states. Courts often view this as disregard for the law and judicial authority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The presence of children during an incident can also elevate criminal charges.<\/p>\n<p>Still, the crimes pursued by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-legal-help\/district-attorneys.html\">prosecutors<\/a> will turn on the specific case facts and jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<h3>Wobbler Offenses<\/h3>\n<p>Some states recognize &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/common-criminal-law-questions.html#:~:text=It%20may%20also,like%20a%20misdemeanor.\">wobbler<\/a>&quot; offenses. These are acts that may get charged as felony offenses or misdemeanor offenses.<\/p>\n<p>In these states, the prosecutor, district attorney, or judge determines the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/what-is-prosecutorial-discretion-.html\">charge at their discretion<\/a>. They base their decisions on state law and the specifics of each case.<\/p>\n<h2>Plea Bargains<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes, the state reduces felony charges to misdemeanor charges as part of a plea bargain. Most criminal cases in this country end in plea agreements before <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/criminal-trial.html\">trial<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Felony Penalties vs. Misdemeanor Penalties<\/h2>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/domestic-violence.html#:~:text=Penalties%20and%20Sentencing\">consequences for domestic violence<\/a> felony and misdemeanor convictions can differ greatly. Both might involve jail time, fines, and other punishments. But consequences are harsher for felonies.<\/p>\n<h3>Misdemeanor Penalties<\/h3>\n<p>Typical consequences for misdemeanor domestic violence can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jail time (usually up to one year in county jail)<\/li>\n<li>Fines (generally $1,000-$5,000)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/probation.html\">Probation<\/a> (typically one to three years)<\/li>\n<li>Mandatory counseling or batterer&#8217;s intervention programs<\/li>\n<li>Restraining orders<\/li>\n<li>Loss of firearm rights<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.findlaw.com\/blog\/how-does-domestic-violence-affect-child-custody\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Impact on child custody<\/a> arrangements<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/deportation-removal\/can-you-get-deported-for-a-misdemeanor-.html\">Immigration consequences<\/a> for non-citizens&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Like misdemeanors, the punishments for felony domestic violence convictions vary by state. The states have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-violence\/state-domestic-violence-legislation.html\">different domestic violence laws<\/a>. They may also have their own sentencing guidelines.<\/p>\n<h3>Felony Penalties<\/h3>\n<p>Felony convictions generally affect defendants&#8217; lives more severely than misdemeanors.<\/p>\n<p>States often punish domestic violence felony convictions with:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prison sentences ranging from one to several years in state prison<\/li>\n<li>Fines of $5,000 or more<\/li>\n<li>Longer probation periods, usually at least three to five years<\/li>\n<li>Mandatory counseling or batterer&#8217;s intervention programs<\/li>\n<li>Restraining orders<\/li>\n<li>Permanent loss of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-violence\/the-domestic-violence-offender-gun-ban.html\">firearm rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li>More severe impact on child custody arrangements<\/li>\n<li>More serious immigration consequences, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/deportation-removal\/deportation-basics.html\">deportation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Loss of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/voting-rights.html\">voting rights<\/a> in many states<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A felony conviction can also make it difficult to find employment or housing. In some states, it can result in the loss of certain professional licenses.<\/p>\n<h3>Criminal History<\/h3>\n<p>Remember that a defendant&#8217;s criminal record can affect penalties.<\/p>\n<p>Multiple misdemeanor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/when-can-old-prior-convictions-be-used-against-me\/\">convictions<\/a> may lead to felony charges for later misdemeanors. This most commonly happens for convictions of similar criminal offenses.&nbsp;Some states may also consider a&nbsp;criminal record&nbsp;of convictions for non-similar offenses. Many states also impose lighter sentences for first offenses or first-time offenders.<\/p>\n<p>This, of course, depends on the laws and guidelines of the jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<h2>Legal Defenses<\/h2>\n<p>Several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-legal-help\/criminal-defense-strategies.html\">legal defenses<\/a> may be available to someone facing domestic abuse or violence charges. If successful, there may be no domestic violence crime conviction at all.<\/p>\n<p>For example, self-defense may shield a defendant from conviction if their actions were necessary for self-protection.<\/p>\n<p>Other defenses can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lack of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/criminal-evidence.html\">evidence<\/a><\/li>\n<li>False accusations<\/li>\n<li>Accident<\/li>\n<li>Provocation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The effectiveness of these and other available defenses hinges on the specific facts, evidence, and jurisdiction for each case.<\/p>\n<h2>Federal Domestic Violence Laws<\/h2>\n<p>Some federal laws deal with certain circumstances or aspects of these cases. For example, the federal &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/domestic-violence\/federal-domestic-violence-legislation-the-violence-against-women.html\">Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)<\/a> has funds for victims, prevention programs, and prosecution tools. Federal law also says that states must enforce other states&#8217; protective orders.<\/p>\n<p>Other federal laws ban:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Domestic violence on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/native-peoples-law.html\">Indigenous people&#8217;s<\/a> reservations<\/li>\n<li>Crossing state lines to violate a protective order<\/li>\n<li>Crossing state lines to commit domestic violence<\/li>\n<li>Domestic violence in the armed forces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These are a few examples that may be relevant in these cases.<\/p>\n<h2>Getting Legal Help<\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re facing felony or misdemeanor domestic violence charges, it&#8217;s important to know which state and federal laws apply. A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a> can help you understand your options. Make sure they&#8217;re licensed in the state of the alleged incident so they can identify the defenses available to you.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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