{"id":352136,"date":"2024-06-07T18:11:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T23:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/rioting-and-inciting-riots.html"},"modified":"2024-06-07T18:11:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T23:11:00","slug":"rioting-and-inciting-riots","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/rioting-and-inciting-riots.html","title":{"rendered":"Rioting and Inciting to Riot"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Rioting and Inciting to Riot<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/john-mascolo-esq\/\">John Mascolo, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 07, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>While the First Amendment protects peaceful protest, speech that incites imminent violence is not protected and can lead to criminal charges and steep penalties.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The right to protest is among the oldest and most respected rights in the American democratic system. The right of citizens to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights\/is-there-a-right-to-peaceful-protest.html\">peacefully protest<\/a>&nbsp;is protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. But there are limits to even the most important rights.<\/p>\n<p>Most states have their own laws defining what constitutes a riot and incitement to riot. After <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/federal-courts\/a-wrench-in-the-january-6-trials-the-case-of-fischer-v-u-s\/\">the 2021 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol<\/a>, hundreds of people faced charges under federal laws, including offenses based on their role in the riot that day.<\/p>\n<p>This article explains&nbsp;federal and state laws against rioting and inciting to riot. You will learn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What activity meets the legal definition of a riot<\/li>\n<li>How the law distinguishes incitement from protected speech<\/li>\n<li>Criminal penalties for these offenses<\/li>\n<li>Legal defenses<\/li>\n<li>Tips for avoiding criminal charges when protesting or exercising your First Amendment rights<br>\n<\/li>\n<li>And more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can also talk to a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?keyword=Criminal+Defense\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense <\/a>or <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?keyword=civil+rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights attorney<\/a> near you for targeted legal advice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>What Are Rioting, Inciting to Riot, and Related Offenses?<\/h2>\n<p>Federal law defines what a riot is. It needs to have all the following criteria:<br>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-18-crimes-and-criminal-procedure\/18-usc-sect-2102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public disturbance<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Involve three or more people<\/li>\n<li>The group engages in acts of violence<\/li>\n<li>There is a clear and present danger of damage to property or injury to people<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The law includes threats of violence if those involved could immediately act on the threat.<\/p>\n<p>Under federal law, inciting a riot (18 U.S. Code&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-18-crimes-and-criminal-procedure\/18-usc-sect-2101\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 2101<\/a>) includes acts of &#8220;organizing, promoting, encouraging, participating in a riot&#8221; and urging or instigating others to riot.<\/p>\n<p>The criminal code clarifies that incitement is not the same as simply advocating ideas or expressing beliefs in speech or writing. To qualify as incitement, the speech must advocate violence, the rightness of violence, or the right to commit violent acts.<\/p>\n<p>Federal riot crimes provide up to five years in prison upon conviction.<\/p>\n<h2>Protected Speech Versus Incitement<\/h2>\n<p>Citizens have a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right to free speech<\/a>&nbsp;in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The extent of that right has been continually tested. It has been strongly protected at all levels of government, but that right is not unlimited.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of&nbsp;<i><a href=\"https:\/\/mtsu.edu\/first-amendment\/article\/189\/brandenburg-v-ohio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brandenburg v. Ohio<\/a><\/i>&nbsp;(1969), the Supreme Court found that speech is not constitutionally protected if it is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intended to produce imminent violent conduct<\/li>\n<li>Likely to produce imminent violent conduct<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But, the limits of free speech are still being defined in the courts. A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov\/datastore\/opinions\/2021\/03\/04\/19-50189.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ninth Circuit decision<\/a>&nbsp;found that statutory language was &#8220;overly broad&#8221; in the federal riot statute that criminalizes &#8220;promoting&#8221; or &#8220;encouraging&#8221; a riot.<\/p>\n<h2>Restrictions on Unlawful Assembly<\/h2>\n<p>The First Amendment&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights\/is-there-a-right-to-peaceful-protest.html\">right to freedom of assembly<\/a> is also not unlimited. First, the right only applies to the right to &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/first-amendment-freedom-of-assembly-and-petition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peaceably assemble<\/a>.&#8221; There is no right to assemble to engage in violent acts.<\/p>\n<p>Cities can also regulate the right of peaceable assembly by requiring permits or limiting demonstrations to a designated area. Cities may have practical concerns regarding crowd size and protestor safety. Cities must also safely maintain or divert road traffic. During a demonstration, law enforcement must watch for groups engaging in vandalism or other crimes.<\/p>\n<p>If a group of people gathers intending to disturb the public peace, they could be charged with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/unlawful-assembly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unlawful assembly<\/a>&nbsp;or a similar offense like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/civil-disorder.html\">civil disorder<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>When Is Rioting a Federal Crime?<\/h2>\n<p>A person would be charged&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-18-crimes-and-criminal-procedure\/18-usc-sect-2101.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under federal law<\/a>&nbsp;if the following are true:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rioting occurs on federal lands, federal government buildings, VA hospitals, military bases, etc.<\/li>\n<li>The person traveled between states or countries to participate in a riot (though the law specifically states it is not intended to prevent travel for legitimate purposes)<\/li>\n<li>The person used interstate or foreign commerce (internet, mail, telephone, radio, television, or social media) to communicate intent to:<ul>\n<li>Incite a riot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Organize, promote, encourage, participate in, or carry on a riot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Commit any act of violence in furtherance of a riot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Aid or abet any person in inciting, participating in, or carrying on a riot or committing any act of violence in furtherance of a riot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Federal law enforcement uses its discretion. They may not involve themselves in protests or demonstrations that do not occur on federal property.<\/p>\n<p>In most circumstances, state and local police will take action to suppress a riot. Thus, most riot charges will occur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state.html\">under state laws<\/a>.&nbsp;State laws apply to anyone present in the state when the criminal act happens.<\/p>\n<h2>Prosecutions in Both State and Federal Courts<\/h2>\n<p>In most cases, a person can be prosecuted for committing the same criminal acts in both state and federal court.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed this view in its ruling in&nbsp;<i><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/us-supreme-court\/17-646.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gamble v. United States<\/a><\/i>&nbsp;(2019), upholding the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/dual-sovereignty-doctrine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dual sovereignty doctrine<\/a>. That doctrine states there is no violation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/double-jeopardy.html\">double jeopardy<\/a> because the state and the federal government are separate sovereigns.<\/p>\n<p>But, sometimes, a statute will say a person cannot be charged in both federal and state court. In the case of rioting, the federal statute specifically states that a judgment, conviction, or acquittal under state law bars federal prosecution for the same act. This statute creates protection from federal prosecution that would not typically exist.<\/p>\n<h2>Rioting and Inciting to Riot: California State Law and History<\/h2>\n<p>California serves as an example of state rioting laws. The state has seen major protests during tense periods in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/civil-rights-overview\/civil-rights-timeline-of-events.html\">U.S. civil rights history<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>California witnessed riots in 1992 after news spread of not-guilty verdicts. The criminal case was against the police officers charged with beating <a href=\"https:\/\/vault.fbi.gov\/rodney-king\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rodney King<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>After the 2020 murder of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/archives\/opa\/pr\/three-former-minneapolis-police-officers-convicted-federal-civil-rights-violations-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">George Floyd<\/a> at the hands of police officers in Minneapolis, large protests occurred in several California cities and counties. In Los Angeles, Riverside, and Orange County, protests turned violent when individuals at the protest damaged store windows and police cruisers. In one Los Angeles demonstration, protesters placed an L.A.P.D. officer in a chokehold and kicked him.<\/p>\n<p>Large-scale protests always present a risk of violence, whether from the protesters themselves or counter-protesters that appear and cause trouble. Law enforcement must balance the rights of protesters to demonstrate peacefully and the need to maintain order and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/public-safety-violations.html\">public safety<\/a> when things spin out of control.<\/p>\n<h3>Differences Between Riot and Incitement To Riot Charges<\/h3>\n<p>California prohibits participating in a riot and inciting a riot.<\/p>\n<p>California Penal Code&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/penal-code\/pen-sect-404\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">section 404<\/a>&nbsp;defines a riot as:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Any use of force or violence, disturbing the peace, or any threat to use force or violence<\/li>\n<li>Accompanied by immediate power of execution<\/li>\n<li>By two or more persons acting together<\/li>\n<li>Without the authority of law<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Participating in a riot is a misdemeanor offense. Upon conviction, an offender may face up to one year in county jail, a $1,000 fine, or both.<\/p>\n<p>The crime of incitement to riot is similar. The elements of the crime are as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>With the intent to cause a riot<\/li>\n<li>A person acts or engages in conduct<\/li>\n<li>That (1) urges a riot, or (2) urges others to commit acts of force or violence, or property damage (the burning or destroying of property)<\/li>\n<li>Under circumstances that produce a clear, present, and immediate danger<\/li>\n<li>Of acts of force or violence, or property damage<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Incitement to riot is also a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/what-distinguishes-a-misdemeanor-from-a-felony.html\">misdemeanor offense<\/a>. An offender faces up to one year of jail time, a $1,000 fine, or both after conviction. The offense can become a felony if an offender commits incitement to riot at a prison or county jail and it results in serious bodily injury. The penalty can increase to up to three years in state prison.<\/p>\n<h2>Legal Defenses to Riot and Inciting a Riot<\/h2>\n<p>Most defense strategies for riot or inciting a riot focus on the protest&#8217;s turmoil once things get out of hand. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-legal-help\/criminal-defense-strategies.html\">Common defenses<\/a> in such cases may include the following.<\/p>\n<h3>Mistaken Identity<\/h3>\n<p>The defendant may claim that they were present at the protest or rally, but they did not engage in acts that amount to riot or incitement to riot. The defendant may use the chaos to question witness accounts of the defendant&#8217;s role or behavior. The witness or law enforcement may have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/lineups-and-other-identification-situations.html\">mistaken the person&#8217;s identity<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>No Clear and Present Danger<\/h3>\n<p>The defendant may admit to some role in urging protestors to engage in violent acts. But they may deny that the circumstances presented any <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/clear-and-present-danger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clear, present, and immediate danger<\/a>. If the evidence supports this view, the defendant may seek to reduce the charges to disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace.<\/p>\n<h3>Self-Defense or Defense of Others<\/h3>\n<p>The defendant may claim that misconduct by the police forced the defendant to engage in violent acts or to urge violent acts in self-defense or defense of others. Depending on the law of the jurisdiction, the defendant may claim a right to reasonably&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/stand-your-ground-laws.html\">stand their ground&nbsp;<\/a>if they perceived an assault by the police.<\/p>\n<h2>Tips for Organizing a Peaceful Protest<\/h2>\n<p>Protest organizers must exercise free speech and assembly rights carefully to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-legal-help\/crime-prevention-victim-resources.html\">avoid criminal charges<\/a>. Impassioned protests could surge beyond organizers\u2019 control. You cannot determine the actions of everyone who attends. This risk can make planning a protest challenging.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights\/protest-laws-by-state.html\">local and state protest laws<\/a>. You may need a permit to hold a march, rally, or parade. You might also need a permit to protest in certain areas.<\/p>\n<p>You may want to take precautions to reduce the risk of incitement to riot charges, such as the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Get guidance from a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights lawyer<\/a> during planning activities<\/li>\n<li>Clearly state that the protest will be nonviolent in all related communications<\/li>\n<li>Share accurate legal sources to inform the attendees about protesters\u2019 rights and obligations<\/li>\n<li>Learn how the law <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/does-the-first-amendment-protect-speech-that-advocates-illegal-c.html\" style=\"font-size: inherit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defines violent language<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Review drafts of your speeches and online posts for potentially violent language or expression<\/li>\n<li>Avoid verbal speech that may appear to be a call or threat of violence<\/li>\n<li>Prepare for emergencies with plans for if violence begins or you face an arrest, including knowing phone numbers for emergency contacts like a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-legal-help\/crime-prevention-victim-resources.html\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Protest organizers\u2019 liability for violence is a complex area of civil and criminal law. Despite the best intentions, you may encounter accusations of inciting a riot. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal.html\">strong legal defense<\/a>&nbsp;may become essential to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights.html\">protect your civil rights<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With Your Riot or Inciting to Riot Charges<\/h2>\n<p>You can face serious penalties if you have been charged with rioting or incitement to riot at the federal or state level. You will want to seek the best defense from a skilled lawyer. Talk with a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>&nbsp;in your area today and learn how they can help.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex criminal defense situations usually require legal help\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Defense attorneys can help protect and assert your rights\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can seek to reduce or eliminate criminal penalties\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>An experienced attorney can increase your chances of a favorable outcome in court. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">If you need an attorney, find one right now<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                src=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745902396\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1.png?_i=AA\"\n                alt=\"\"\n                loading=\"lazy\"\n            \/>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-content fl-flex fl-flex-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-text fl-mb25\">\n            <h4 class=\"fl-no-margin\">Enter your email address to subscribe<\/h4>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <form class=\"email-subscription-content-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distributionList\" value=\"latl\" \/>\n            <label for=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" class=\"fl-text-sm-bold\">Email (Required)<\/label>\n            <div class=\"email-subscription-content-form-group\">\n                <input id=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" name=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"\/>\n                <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-success subscribe-success-message fl-text-sm-bold\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"status\">Thank you for subscribing!<\/p>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-error subscribe-error-message fl-text-sm-bold\" role=\"alert\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/p>\n\n            <div id=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha\" class=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha subscribe-recaptcha\"\n                data-sitekey=\"0x4AAAAAAABGBEkK9kEeKxO-\"><\/div>\n        <\/form>\n\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-footer fl-text-sm\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/newsletters.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more about FindLaw\u2019s newsletters<\/a>, including our terms of use and privacy policy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"general-list\">\n    <h3>Helpful Links<\/h3>\n    <ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin\">\n                                    <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/expungement.html\">\n                        Expunging Criminal Records\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges.html\">\n                        List of Criminal Charges\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights.html\">\n                        Rights for Suspects\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Attorney Directory<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/domestic-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Domestic Violence Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/drug-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drug Crime Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/dui-dwi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DUI\/DWI Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/sex-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sex Offenses Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Litigation and Appeals Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/white-collar-crimes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">White Collar Crimes Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about the difference between lawful, peaceful protests and rioting, the penalties for rioting and inciting to riot, and more at FindLaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":351991,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2729],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-352136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-criminal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352136"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":389186,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352136\/revisions\/389186"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352136"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=352136"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=352136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}