{"id":352170,"date":"2024-01-30T15:05:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T20:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/third-degree-murder-overview.html"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:05:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T20:05:50","slug":"third-degree-murder-overview","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/third-degree-murder-overview.html","title":{"rendered":"Third Degree Murder Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Third Degree Murder Overview<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/samuel-strom-j-d\/\">Samuel Strom, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/rhonda-earhart-esq\/\">Rhonda Earhart, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 30, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Third-degree murder is a type of homicide charge used only in Florida, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. It differs from first and second-degree murder, which usually require intent or premeditation. It also differs from manslaughter, which involves less culpability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>A court of law may find someone guilty of third-degree murder if they intentionally caused someone else&#8217;s death while committing a dangerous act. This is different from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/first-degree-murder-overview.html\">first-degree<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/second-degree-murder-overview.html\">second-degree<\/a>\u00a0murder charges, which generally require\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/intent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">intent.<\/a>\u00a0Some criminal statutes refer to intent as &#8220;malice aforethought.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Only three states have third-degree murder laws:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minnesota<\/li>\n<li>Florida<\/li>\n<li>Pennsylvania<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each of these states has a different definition of third-degree murder, as explained in the chart below. After the chart, you will learn more about how third-degree murder compares to other homicide charges, potential defenses, and how to <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">get legal help<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Third-Degree Murder in Florida, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania<\/h2>\n<p>The chart below contains a snapshot of third-degree murder laws in Florida, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Florida<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Law:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/fl\/title-xlvi-crimes\/fl-st-sect-782-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Florida Statutes Section 782.04<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Definition:\u00a0The unintentional, unlawful killing of a human being while committing a nonviolent felony, except for certain drug felonies.<\/li>\n<li>Penalty:\u00a0Up to 15 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Minnesota<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Law:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/mn\/crimes-expungement-victims-ch-609-624\/mn-st-sect-609-195.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Minnesota Statutes Section 609.195<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Definition:\u00a0The unintentional killing of another through an eminently dangerous act committed with a depraved mind and without regard for human life. It also includes causing another&#8217;s drug-related death by selling, delivering, or administering a Schedule I or II controlled substance.<\/li>\n<li>Penalty:\u00a0Up to 25 years in prison and a fine of up to $40,000*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Pennsylvania<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Law:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/pa\/title-18-pacsa-crimes-and-offenses\/pa-csa-sect-18-2502.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pennsylvania Statutes Title 18, Sections 2502<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/pa\/title-18-pacsa-crimes-and-offenses\/pa-csa-sect-18-1102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1102<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Definition:\u00a0Any murder of a human being that is not first- or second-degree murder.<\/li>\n<li>Penalty:\u00a0Up to 40 years in prison*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note that states have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/sentencing-overview.html\">sentencing guidelines<\/a>, and some have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/mandatory-sentences-uniformity-and-consistency.html\">mandatory minimum sentences<\/a>. The guidelines may affect one&#8217;s prison sentence length.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>For example, Minnesota&#8217;s sentencing guidelines suggest\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mn.gov\/sentencing-guidelines\/assets\/1August2023MinnSentencingGuidelinesGridSection4A_tcm30-586297.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12.5 years imprisonment<\/a>\u00a0for a first-offense third-degree murder (depraved mind).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In Florida, third-degree murder carries a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fdc.myflorida.com\/pub\/scoresheet\/Criminal%20Punishment%20Code%202023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">minimum sentence of 10 1\/3 years<\/a>\u00a0with no prior record or aggravating factors.<\/p>\n<p>Note that state laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation, rulings in the higher courts (including federal decisions), ballot initiatives, and other means. For more information about murder laws in your state, contact a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>\u00a0near you.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is the Difference Between First, Second, and Third-Degree Murder?<\/h2>\n<p>In general, states require premeditation for first-degree murder, such as the defendant having planned the act. Many states also consider causing a death during a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/felony.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">felony<\/a>\u00a0as first-degree murder. This is called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/felony-murder.html\">felony murder<\/a>. Other states consider a felony murder as second-degree murder.<\/p>\n<p>Second-degree murder charges occur when the defendant intended to commit murder but did not plan it in advance. Some states consider it second-degree murder if the defendant intended only to cause serious bodily harm but knew or should have known that death could result from the act.<\/p>\n<p>The degrees of murder affect the government&#8217;s burden of proof at trial and often affect sentencing. Some states allow for the death penalty following a conviction for first-degree murder, for example. Other states may mandate life imprisonment after a guilty verdict for a premeditated murder.<\/p>\n<p>Not all states use the terms first, second, and third-degree murder in their criminal codes. The exact definitions of crimes vary by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/jurisdiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction<\/a>. As noted above, only three states have third-degree murder laws. Most states, though, have different levels of murder charges and impose lesser sentences for lesser crimes.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is the Difference Between Third-Degree Murder and Manslaughter?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/what-is-manslaughter\/\">Manslaughter charges<\/a>, which are less serious than murder charges, arise when the defendant:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/manslaughter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Had no intention to kill<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Did not plan the killing beforehand<\/li>\n<li>Acted\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/reckless.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recklessly<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/negligence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">negligently<\/a>\u00a0to the point that they could have avoided the killing by acting like a reasonable person<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some states split manslaughter charges into\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/voluntary-manslaughter-defenses.html\">voluntary<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/involuntary-manslaughter-defenses.html\">involuntary<\/a>. Others break them down into different degrees, just like with murder.<\/p>\n<p>The difference between third-degree murder and manslaughter often depends on the defendant&#8217;s state of mind at the time of the killing.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In Minnesota, for example, a court may convict someone of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/mn\/crimes-expungement-victims-ch-609-624\/mn-st-sect-609-205.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manslaughter in the second degree<\/a>\u00a0if the person knew they were unreasonably risking someone else&#8217;s life and took that chance. This is different from third-degree murder, where the person must act with a depraved mind and malice, which is a wanton disregard for human life.<\/p>\n<p>First-degree manslaughter \u2014 also called heat-of-passion, crime of passion, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/voluntary-manslaughter-overview.html\">voluntary manslaughter<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 occurs when someone intentionally kills another person in the heat of the moment. The moment must have strongly provoked them, and they did not have time to cool off. Unlike third-degree murder, there is intent to kill. It is assumed, however, that a reasonable person would have lost control of their emotions if they&#8217;d been provoked in a similar manner.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/involuntary-manslaughter.html\">Involuntary manslaughter<\/a>, on the other hand, is the least serious of the charges. Typically, involuntary manslaughter applies when the killing is unintentional and possibly accidental. For example, a drunk driver who caused a person&#8217;s death may face involuntary manslaughter charges.<\/p>\n<h2>Defenses Against a Third-Degree Murder Charge<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/defending-yourself-against-a-criminal-charge.html\">Defenses<\/a> to a third-degree murder charge might include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Innocence: &#8220;It wasn&#8217;t me.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/insanity-defense.html\">Insanity<\/a>: &#8220;A mental impairment prevented me from understanding what I was doing.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/self-defense-overview.html\">Self-defense<\/a>: &#8220;I was protecting myself from immediate and serious harm.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Defense of others: &#8220;I was protecting others from serious harm.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Exercise of duty: &#8220;I am a public officer who killed without unlawful intent, recklessness, or negligence.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Your state may also allow specific defenses to murder charges. Some states, including Florida, have a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/states-that-have-stand-your-ground-laws.html\">Stand Your Ground law<\/a>. The law allows people to use deadly force if they reasonably believe they or someone else is in imminent danger of deadly harm. It also applies when someone reasonably believes using force is necessary to prevent another person from committing a felony. In general, these laws remove the duty to retreat.<\/p>\n<p>Other states also have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-law-basics\/castle-doctrine-overview.html\">castle doctrine laws<\/a>. These laws allow people to use deadly force in specific locations, such as one&#8217;s home or property. Castle Doctrine laws also remove the duty to retreat.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>For example, suppose a person commits a home invasion in a state with castle doctrine laws and the homeowner kills the home invader. The homeowner may rely on the castle doctrine law and claim they committed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide-definition.html\">justifiable homicide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Questions About Murder Charges? Contact an Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>If the government has charged you with third-degree murder, consider hiring an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced criminal defense lawyer<\/a>. An attorney can determine what defenses you can use. They can also provide helpful legal advice on a range of topics, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defense strategies against murder\/manslaughter charges stemming from a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/dui.html\">\u00a0DUI\/DWI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Whether a police officer or other law enforcement agent violated your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights.html\">constitutional rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li>How your state classifies different types of murder and other violent crimes, and how it may affect your criminal trial and sentencing<\/li>\n<li>General information about<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal.html\">\u00a0criminal law<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/homicide.html\">murder cases<\/a>, and other serious crimes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> today if you or a loved one have a criminal 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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three states have third-degree murder laws: Florida, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. Learn how this charge differs from other homicide charges at FindLaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":351991,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2729],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-352170","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-criminal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352170"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":400619,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352170\/revisions\/400619"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352170"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=352170"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=352170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}