{"id":352264,"date":"2023-12-07T11:51:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T16:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/dna-as-an-exoneration-tool.html"},"modified":"2023-12-07T11:51:36","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T16:51:36","slug":"dna-as-an-exoneration-tool","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/dna-as-an-exoneration-tool.html","title":{"rendered":"DNA as an Exoneration Tool"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">DNA as an Exoneration Tool<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/samuel-strom-j-d\/\">Samuel Strom, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            December 07, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>DNA exoneration is the process where DNA testing clears someone who was wrongfully convicted of a crime. By raising new forensic evidence, the person can challenge a conviction. In some cases, the court may rule them innocent and release them from jail.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Courts have used&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/scientific-and-forensic-evidence.html\" style=\"font-size: inherit;\">forensic evidence<\/a><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">&nbsp;to exonerate innocent people both before a trial and post-conviction. Advances in DNA technology have allowed courts to exonerate wrongfully convicted people on&nbsp;death row&nbsp;and correct miscarriages of justice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>This article describes how the criminal justice system uses&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/how-dna-evidence-works.html\">DNA evidence<\/a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal.html\">criminal cases<\/a>. It describes&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/post-conviction-proceedings.html\">post-conviction<\/a>&nbsp;DNA testing and DNA exoneration cases. These cases typically involve forensic scientists conducting a DNA analysis of DNA samples in law enforcement&#8217;s databases.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sometimes, the test results clear convicted felons of their convictions. If you believe new DNA evidence could change a case, talk to a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a> about the likelihood of success and the next steps.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How Can DNA Exonerate Prisoners?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Law enforcement agencies often keep physical evidence from crimes for many years. Biological evidence, such as blood, hair, or skin, contains DNA. Forensic laboratories can test these samples and&nbsp;use them in one of three ways:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>See if they match the person accused or convicted of a crime<\/li>\r\n<li>Compare the DNA samples to a DNA database,&nbsp;such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/taxonomy\/term\/combined-dna-index-system-codis#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CODIS<\/a>. If the DNA matches a profile in a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/the-national-dna-database-system.html\">DNA database<\/a>, law enforcement has a better chance of locating the person.<\/li>\r\n<li>Compare DNA samples collected from different crime scenes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Post-conviction DNA testing involves testing DNA obtained from crime scenes using forensic science. The forensic laboratory will test the DNA samples against the convicted person&#8217;s DNA profile. If it matches the convicted person&#8217;s DNA profile, there is a good chance they convicted the right person. However, if it does not match, the jury may have convicted an innocent person.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How DNA Evidence Can Aid a Criminal Investigation<\/h2>\r\n<p>This section provides examples of how courts may use DNA evidence to aid in a criminal investigation or exonerate convicted people.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Pre-Conviction<\/h3>\r\n<p>Suppose law enforcement arrests Stan for the alleged&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/assault.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual assault<\/a>&nbsp;of his neighbor in 2023. Law enforcement collected biological evidence from the crime scene. Stan denies the charges. Before Stan&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/criminal-trial.html\">criminal trial<\/a>&nbsp;begins, law enforcement tests the DNA samples they collected. The DNA samples do not match Stan&#8217;s DNA profile.<\/p>\r\n<p>Law enforcement then searches a DNA database for potential matches. The search result matches with a person previously arrested in the same&nbsp;jurisdiction. Law enforcement obtains an&nbsp;arrest warrant&nbsp;and confronts the suspect. The suspect&nbsp;admits to the&nbsp;sexual&nbsp;assault of&nbsp;Stan&#8217;s neighbor.<\/p>\r\n<p>In this situation, law enforcement will drop their&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges.html\">charges<\/a>&nbsp;against Stan since the DNA evidence proves his innocence.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Post-Conviction<\/h3>\r\n<p>Suppose law enforcement arrested Ben for the alleged sexual assault and murder of his neighbor in 1970. At the crime scene, law enforcement collected blood and hair samples. At his criminal trial&nbsp;Ben&nbsp;testified&nbsp;he did not commit the crime, but&nbsp;a&nbsp;jury&nbsp;convicted Ben and the judge sentenced him to life imprisonment.<\/p>\r\n<p>Fast-forward to 2023. A law enforcement agency, such as the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Bureau of Investigation<\/a>&nbsp;(FBI), reopens the case. The FBI&#8217;s crime lab tests the evidence collected from the crime scene in 1970 and compares&nbsp;it to Ben&#8217;s DNA profile. They discover the DNA samples do not match. They run the DNA sample from the crime scene through a DNA index system and find it matches another person, a convicted sex offender. The FBI confronts the sex offender, who&nbsp;confesses to the murder committed in 1970.<\/p>\r\n<p>In a situation like this, the court will exonerate Ben and will&nbsp;absolve him of any criminal wrongdoing regarding the murder.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Innocence Project<\/h2>\r\n<p>Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, public defenders in New York, created&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/innocenceproject.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Innocence Project<\/a>&nbsp;in 1992. The Innocence Project works to exonerate people using post-conviction DNA testing.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Innocence Project&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/history.innocenceproject.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first client exonerated<\/a>&nbsp;was Glen Woodall in 1992. He served five years in prison after the government wrongfully accused him of sexual assault. A jury convicted him after witnesses misidentified him. The Innocence Project proved the government engaged in misconduct and relied on flawed serology and hair analysis tests.<\/p>\r\n<p>In 1993, the Innocence Project helped exonerate its first death row client. The Innocence Project used post-conviction DNA evidence to exonerate Kris Bloodsworth, a man convicted of sexual assault and murder.<\/p>\r\n<p>As of 2023, the Innocence Project&#8217;s work has resulted in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/innocenceproject.org\/exonerations-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exoneration of 199 clients<\/a>&nbsp;due to post-conviction DNA evidence. It has earned 245 legal victories for its clients,&nbsp;some of which do not include post-conviction DNA evidence. Of the 245 exonerees, 9% involved people on death row, and 5% had given&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.findlaw.com\/blog\/false-and-coerced-confession-faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">false confessions<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;pled&nbsp;guilty&nbsp;to their charges.<\/p>\r\n<h2>DNA Evidence And the Death Penalty<\/h2>\r\n<p>Opponents of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/history-of-death-penalty-laws.html\">capital punishment<\/a>&nbsp;have pushed for more&nbsp;frequent use of DNA testing. Even supporters of capital punishment have agreed that those convicted of a capital offense should be allowed to make use of all evidence. One of the fears that always accompanies the use of capital punishment is that the jury may sentence an innocent person to death.<\/p>\r\n<p>One case highlighting this concern involved a man accused of murdering his sister-in-law in Virginia in 1992. The execution of Roger Keith Coleman gained national attention years later. In 2005, Governor Mark Warner of Virginia ordered DNA testing on a 24-year-old DNA sample to determine whether Coleman committed the murder.<\/p>\r\n<p>Coleman had proclaimed his innocence throughout the case. Forensic analysts tested the DNA before his execution. Following national media attention, law enforcement decided to test the DNA again. Using more advanced technology, forensic analysts retested it. In January 2006, Governor Warner announced the results&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2006\/01\/13\/5155870\/dna-test-backs-up-verdict-in-1992-execution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed that Coleman was the killer<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Supporters of capital punishment responded, arguing that claims of the death penalty&#8217;s fallibility were unfounded. Opponents noted that the danger of a wrongful execution still existed, and they continued their call for the increased use of DNA as an identification tool.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Ask an Attorney Your Questions About Exoneration<\/h2>\r\n<p>When you face criminal charges, your case&#8217;s outcome depends on the evidence presented at trial. DNA evidence is a particularly powerful tool in any case. <\/p>\r\n<p>Your case will also depend on the expertise of your criminal defense attorney, some of whom specialize in DNA evidence cases. Reach out to a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>&nbsp;to discuss your case and find out how they can help.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Not only can DNA be used to convict criminals, but it has also been used to exonerate innocent individuals, some wrongly imprisoned for years. 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