{"id":352345,"date":"2016-04-04T10:42:21","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/criminal\/criminal-rights.html"},"modified":"2025-05-14T12:38:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T17:38:27","slug":"criminal-rights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights.html","title":{"rendered":"Criminal Rights Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><div\n    data-testid=\"fl-general-title\"\n    class=\"fl-general-title fl-flex fl-gap20 fl-items-end\"\n>\n    <div class=\"fl-general-title-heading fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n        <h1\n            class=\"fl-h1 fl-general-title-title fl-no-spacing\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-title\"\n        >\n            Criminal Rights Law\n        <\/h1>\n        <p\n            class=\"fl-general-title-description fl-text-xl fl-no-margin\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-description\"\n        >\n            Every suspect in a criminal case has certain Constitutional rights. \n        <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/samuel-strom-j-d\/\">Samuel Strom, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            May 14, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>The government cannot infringe on Consitutional rights that protect those accused of a crime. Federal law requires the government to uphold a suspect&#8217;s Constitutional rights throughout a criminal case, including misdemeanors and felonies.<\/p>\n<p>This article contains an overview of criminal rights. You can find information and resources to help you understand your rights during police interactions, searches and seizures, and more.<br>\n<br>\nUse the menus below to navigate to the most relevant topic, or scroll down to keep reading about criminal rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div\n    class=\"fl-category-overview\"\n    data-testid=\"fl-category-overview\"\n>\n    <div\n        class=\"fl-accordion fl-category-overview-container\"\n        id=\"category-overview\"\n        data-testid=\"fl-accordion\"\n    >\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Search and Seizure\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-1-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/search-and-seizure-law.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Search and Seizure Law<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/search-warrant-requirements.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Search Warrant Requirements<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/illegal-search-and-seizure-faqs.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Illegal Search and Seizure FAQ<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/search-seizure.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Search and Seizure Protections<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/can-the-police-legitimately-search-my-vehicle-without-a-warrant.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Can the Police Legitimately Search My Vehicle Without a Warrant?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/u-s-constitution-fourth-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Fourth Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/searches-and-seizures-the-limitations-of-the-police.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Police Search and Seizure Limitations<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/sample-state-court-decisions-on-search-and-seizure.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Sample State Court Decisions on Search and Seizure<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/strip-search-after-an-arrest.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Strip Search After an Arrest<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/text-of-the-fourth-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Summary of the Fourth Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-fourth-amendment-reasonableness-requirement.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Fourth Amendment Reasonableness Requirement and Warrantless Searches<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-fourth-amendment-and-the-exclusionary-rule.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Fourth Amendment and the &#039;Exclusionary Rule&#039;<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-fourth-amendment-warrant-requirement.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Warrant Requirements<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-the-fourth-amendment-applies.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>When the Fourth Amendment Applies<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/cell-phone-privacy-and-warrant-requirements.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Cellphone Privacy and Warrant Requirements<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Miranda Rights 101\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-2-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/miranda-warnings-and-police-questioning.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Miranda Warnings and Police Questioning<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/invoking-the-right-to-remain-silent.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Invoking the Right to Remain Silent<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/waiving-miranda-rights.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Waiving Miranda Rights<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/miranda-rights.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Miranda Rights 101: Your Rights While Being Questioned, Detained, or Arrested by Police<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/focus-on-the-fifth-i-miranda-v-arizona-i.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Miranda v. Arizona and the Fifth Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/miranda-rights-and-the-fifth-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Fifth Amendment Miranda Rights<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-miranda-case-and-the-right-to-counsel.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Miranda Case and the Right to Counsel<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/fifth-amendment-right-against-self-incrimination.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>FAQ: Fifth Amendment Right Against Self-Incrimination<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/u-s-constitution-fifth-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>U.S. Constitution: Fifth Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Police Interactions &#038; Arrest\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-3-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-is-an-arrest-a-legal-arrest.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>When Is an Arrest a Legal Arrest?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/what-is-stop-and-frisk-.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is Stop and Frisk?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/do-the-police-have-the-right-to-tap-my-telephone.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Do the Police Have the Right to Tap My Telephone?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/how-long-may-police-hold-suspects-before-charges-must-be-filed.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>How Long Can You Be Held Without Charges?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/helpful-hints-for-individuals-suspected-of-criminal-activity.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Know Your Rights When Interacting With Police<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/faqs-police-interrogations.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Police Interrogations FAQ<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/lineups-and-other-identification-situations.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Police Lineups and Other Identification Situations<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/42-u-s-code-section-1983.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>42 U.S.C. Section 1983 and Civil Rights Lawsuits<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/probable-cause.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Probable Cause<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/familial-dna-searches.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Crime Scene Forensics: Familial DNA Searches<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/is-there-a-difference-between-confidentiality-and-privacy.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Is There a Difference Between Confidentiality and Privacy?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-4-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-4-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-4-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-4-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Trial Rights &#038; Conviction\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-4-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/right-to-a-speedy-jury-trial.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Right to a Speedy Jury Trial<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/fifth-amendment-right-against-self-incrimination.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>FAQ: Fifth Amendment Right Against Self-Incrimination<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/trial-rights.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Are My Trial Rights?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-right-to-a-jury-trial.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Right to a Jury Trial<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/what-is-a-fair-trial-.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is a Fair Trial?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-different-degrees-of-guilt.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Different Degrees of Guilt<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/what-is-civil-asset-forfeiture.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is Civil Asset Forfeiture?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/u-s-constitution-eighth-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Eighth Amendment and Criminal Punishment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/prison-litigation-reform-act.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Prison Litigation Reform Act<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/judicial-proceedings-and-custodial-interrogation.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Custodial Interrogation and Judicial Proceedings<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/post-conviction-proceedings.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Post-Conviction Proceedings<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/asset-forfeiture-laws-by-state.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Asset Forfeiture Laws by State<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/cruel-and-unusual-punishment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Cruel and Unusual Punishment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-5-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-5-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-5-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-5-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Double Jeopardy\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-5-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/double-jeopardy.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Double Jeopardy<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/double-jeopardy-what-constitutes-the-same-offense.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Constitutes the Same Offense Under Double Jeopardy?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/reasons-for-double-jeopardy-protection.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Why Are Double Jeopardy Protections Important?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-concept-of-double-jeopardy-background.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Concept of Double Jeopardy: Background and History<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-double-jeopardy-protection-applies.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>When Double Jeopardy Protection Applies<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-double-jeopardy-protections-take-hold.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>When Do Double Jeopardy Protections Attach?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-double-jeopardy-protection-ends.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>When Double Jeopardy Protection Ends<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/charged-twice-in-different-states.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Can I Be Charged Twice for the Same Crime in Different States?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-6-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-6-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-6-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-6-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Right to Counsel\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-6-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/what-the-sixth-amendment-guarantees.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Rights Guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-right-to-adequate-representation.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Right to Adequate Representation<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/are-you-entitled-to-a-court-appointed-attorney.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Are You Entitled to a Court-Appointed Attorney?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/right-to-counsel.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Understanding Your Right to Counsel in Criminal Proceedings<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/right-to-assistance-of-counsel-first-appeal.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Right to Assistance of Counsel: First Appeal<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-right-to-counsel.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Right to Counsel<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-6th-amendment-s-confrontation-clause.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Sixth Amendment&#039;s Confrontation Clause<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/u-s-constitution-sixth-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>U.S. Constitution: Sixth Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This section provides information on a suspect&#8217;s rights within the criminal justice process, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Search and seizure rights<\/li>\n<li>Miranda rights (such as the right to remain silent)<\/li>\n<li>Key rights of criminal defendants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Fourth Amendment Rights<\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/search-and-seizure-and-the-fourth-amendment.html\">Fourth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0to the U.S. Constitution protects your right to privacy. Specifically, it applies to searches and seizures conducted by government agents.<\/p>\n<h3>Searches and Seizures<\/h3>\n<p>To conduct a lawful search and seizure, a law enforcement official typically requires a valid search warrant, a valid arrest warrant, or probable cause. If an officer finds evidence during the search, the government agent may then seize it. The prosecution may use the seized evidence in the prosecution&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/case-in-chief.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case-in-chief<\/a>\u00a0against the defendant. If the warrant is later invalidated, the court will most likely exclude the seized evidence.<\/p>\n<h3>Search Warrant Exceptions<\/h3>\n<p>There are exceptions to the general rule that a law enforcement officer needs a search warrant to conduct a lawful search and seizure. General categories of exceptions are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/exigent-circumstances.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exigent circumstances<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Search incident to arrest<\/li>\n<li>Consent<\/li>\n<li>Automobile (in many situations but not all)<\/li>\n<li>Plain view<\/li>\n<li>Evidence obtained during an administrative inspection or investigation<\/li>\n<li>Stop and frisk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Whether these exceptions apply to a specific search and seizure depends on the facts of each particular case. A defendant facing criminal charges has options. A criminal defense attorney can help determine whether the government violated your rights during a search and seizure.<\/p>\n<h3>Standing<\/h3>\n<p>To raise a challenge under the Fourth Amendment, a criminal suspect must prove they had a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/when-the-fourth-amendment-applies.html\">reasonable expectation of privacy<\/a>. To challenge a search, a suspect must have personal standing. For example, if the government searches your home, car, or person, you would most likely have standing.<\/p>\n<p>If the government searched your neighbor&#8217;s house, you most likely would not have standing. Also, the Fourth Amendment protection against unlawful searches and seizures applies only to government actors, such as law enforcement agencies.<\/p>\n<h2>Fifth Amendment Miranda Rights<\/h2>\n<p>The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution protects people from being a witness against themselves. If you have ever watched &#8220;Law and Order,&#8221; you have probably seen a police officer tell the suspect of their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/miranda-rights.html\">Miranda rights<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Miranda rights inform a criminal suspect that they have the following rights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To remain silent<\/li>\n<li>Anything they say can and will be used against them in a court of law<\/li>\n<li>To an attorney (either appointed or one they choose)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The arresting officer must read these rights to the suspect after an arrest, but before questioning begins. The officer administering one&#8217;s Miranda rights does not need to recite the words verbatim. Instead, the officer only needs to reasonably convey the suspect&#8217;s rights.<\/p>\n<p>A criminal suspect must invoke their Miranda rights. Simply staying silent will not protect a suspect from interrogation. Furthermore, a suspect must invoke their right to an attorney to prevent police from questioning the suspect.<\/p>\n<h2>Sixth Amendment Trial Rights<\/h2>\n<p>At a criminal trial, a defendant has several important rights. The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees these rights. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution makes these rights applicable to state courts. These rights include, but are not limited to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The presumption of innocence until proven guilty<\/li>\n<li>The right to a jury trial<\/li>\n<li>The right to a speedy trial<\/li>\n<li>The right to confront witnesses called to testify against them<\/li>\n<li>The right to a public trial<\/li>\n<li>The right to know the nature and cause of the accusations against them<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Presumption of Innocence<\/h3>\n<p>A criminal defendant is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/presumption.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">presumed innocent<\/a>\u00a0throughout the criminal justice process. This presumption applies from pretrial hearings and preliminary hearings to grand jury proceedings and trials. This means that the prosecution has the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/burden-of-proof.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burden of proof<\/a>\u00a0to show the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The prosecution must show enough evidence to prove every element of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt to secure a guilty verdict.<\/p>\n<h3>Jury Trial<\/h3>\n<p>A defendant&#8217;s right to a jury trial is perhaps the most important right they have. In fact, the U.S. Constitution guarantees these rights in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/the-right-to-a-jury-trial.html\">two different provisions<\/a>\u00a0of the Sixth Amendment. The right\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment6\/annotation04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is not absolute<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. Supreme Court has determined that the right to a jury trial applies only to \u201cserious offenses&#8221; and not \u201cpetty offenses.&#8221; The maximum punishment of the offense determines whether an offense is serious or petty. A \u201cserious&#8221; offense is an offense that may result in more than\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/399\/66.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">six months of jail time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, serious crimes, such as first-degree murder or arson, would most likely be serious offenses. But if the offense is a petty offense, the state decides to provide a jury trial.<\/p>\n<p>For example, disorderly conduct or harassment would most likely be petty offenses. Other offenses, such as driving under the influence (DUI) or similar criminal acts, could be classified as either serious or petty depending on the facts of the particular offense.<\/p>\n<h3>Speedy Trial<\/h3>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/speedy-trial.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">speedy trial<\/a>\u00a0is a \u201ctrial conducted according to prevailing rules and procedures that takes place without unreasonable or undue delay or within a statutory period.&#8221; The U.S. Supreme Court determined the purpose of this right is as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To prevent a person who has not yet been convicted from serving lengthy jail time<\/li>\n<li>To lessen the time that the accused must endure the anxiety and publicity of the impending trial<\/li>\n<li>To lessen the damage that delay might cause to the person&#8217;s ability to present a defense<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Despite this right&#8217;s existence, there is no specific time within which a trial must begin. But some states have enacted laws that establish a time limit within which the trial must happen. For specific information about your state&#8217;s laws, or if your trial court has set your trial date, consider contacting a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>\u00a0in your state.<\/p>\n<h3>Confrontation Clause<\/h3>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/confrontation-clause.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Confrontation Clause<\/a>\u00a0in the Sixth Amendment guarantees a criminal defendant \u201cthe right to be confronted with the witnesses against them.&#8221; This allows the criminal defendant to cross-examine a witness, which may allow them to discredit the witness&#8217;s testimony. It can also allow the defendant to show the witness committed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/perjury.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perjury<\/a>\u00a0(lied under oath).<\/p>\n<p>Defendants can use a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/going-to-court\/what-is-a-subpoena.html\">subpoena<\/a>\u00a0to command a witness to appear at trial to confront a witness. A defendant can use this tactic to prevent a possible Confrontation Clause violation. In this situation, the defendant would likely be eliciting testimony from an &#8220;adverse&#8221; or &#8220;hostile&#8221; witness. Having a witness declared &#8220;hostile&#8221; or &#8220;adverse&#8221; allows the defendant&#8217;s attorney to both call the witness to the stand and cross-examine them.<\/p>\n<h3>Double Jeopardy<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/double-jeopardy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Double jeopardy<\/a>\u00a0refers to a criminal defendant&#8217;s right to not be prosecuted for an offense for which they have already been tried.<\/p>\n<p>While there are many\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/reasons-for-double-jeopardy-protection.html\">reasons for this protection<\/a>, the double jeopardy clause prevents criminal defendants from further threat of prosecution after their case&#8217;s conclusion. For example, if the defendant&#8217;s trial results in an acquittal of their charge, they cannot be tried for that specific charge again in the future.<\/p>\n<h2>Plea Bargains<\/h2>\n<p>While criminal defendants have certain rights, options exist that are not guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. While these are not rights, these options are worth considering for some defendants. For example, entering into a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/plea-bargain.html\">plea agreement<\/a> may allow a defendant to avoid more jail time than they would have gotten had they gone to trial.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/defense-plea-bargains.html\">Plea bargains<\/a>\u00a0occur when the defendant and prosecutor agree to a mutually satisfactory result of the case. In such instances, the defendant may agree to plead guilty to a lesser offense than the one charged. In exchange, the defendant often gets a lighter sentence than they would have if convicted of the more serious charges.<\/p>\n<p>Or, they may enter a guilty plea regarding one count in a multi-count indictment. This option also may result in a lighter sentence than if the defendant had been found guilty of multiple counts. Depending on the jurisdiction and the seriousness of the charges, a defendant can decide to plead guilty at their arraignment.<\/p>\n<p>Whether a defendant chooses to enter into a plea agreement will depend on the specific facts of their case. Another factor to consider is their criminal history. Also, the defendant should consider the sentence they could receive at their sentencing hearing if convicted, as well as potential mitigating or aggravating factors that could affect the sentence.<\/p>\n<h2>How a Criminal Defense Attorney Can Help You<\/h2>\n<p>Because of the difficulty in representing yourself in a criminal case, consider consulting with and hiring a criminal defense attorney. A skilled\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a>\u00a0can offer more information and advice about:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted information on criminal law and criminal procedure and how they apply to your situation<\/li>\n<li>How state or federal courts will address your criminal offense<\/li>\n<li>The best way to defend against your criminal prosecution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A good <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a> can guide you through each step of the criminal justice process. They can help to preserve your rights and provide you with the best possible defense.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path 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class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Defense attorneys can help protect and assert your rights\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    High-stakes criminal cases often require legal help\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can seek to reduce or eliminate criminal penalties\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>An attorney can increase your chances of a favorable outcome in court. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">If you need an attorney, find one right now<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Attorney Directory<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a 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                           <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All criminal suspects are guaranteed certain rights throughout the criminal justice process. 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