{"id":352653,"date":"2016-04-04T10:42:05","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html"},"modified":"2024-04-30T15:19:39","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T20:19:39","slug":"lemon-law-basics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-law-basics.html","title":{"rendered":"Lemon Law Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Lemon Law Basics<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/natalie-moritz\/\">Natalie Moritz<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            April 30, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Federal and state laws protect consumers from fraud and defective products.<\/p>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/warranty-laws-and-the-magnuson-moss-warranty-act-.html\">Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act<\/a>&nbsp;is a federal law that governs written warranties for consumer products. It requires manufacturers and sellers to give consumers clear and transparent warranty information. Its protections cover warranties for most consumer products, including vehicles.<\/p>\r\n<p>At the state level, &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html\">lemon laws<\/a>&quot; protect consumers from defective vehicles. These laws give car buyers the right to a refund of the full price or a replacement vehicle if the one they bought has irreparable defects or mechanical problems.<\/p>\r\n<p>Typically, the consumer must allow the car dealer or manufacturer to fix the vehicle&#8217;s problem before a buyer&#8217;s rights under&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/how-the-new-car-lemon-law-can-help-you.html\">lemon laws take effect<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s Lemon Law Basics section offers information about state and federal car buyer protections and how state laws govern&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/car-repairs-and-the-law.html\">car repairs<\/a>. In this section, you can also find:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Car-buying tools and resources<\/li>\r\n<li>State-specific lemon law information<\/li>\r\n<li>A guide to hiring an attorney for help with a lemon law claim<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Definition of a Lemon<\/h2>\r\n<p>Each state has its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/lemon-laws-state-specific-information.html\">own lemon laws<\/a>&nbsp;and definition of what qualifies as a lemon. But most states define a lemon as a new car with a substantial defect that mechanics can&#8217;t fix, even after a reasonable number of repair attempts.<\/p>\r\n<p>How states define a substantial defect also varies. But most states define it as a defect that affects a serious function or expectation of the car. Examples include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Faulty steering or suspension<\/li>\r\n<li>Transmission issues<\/li>\r\n<li>Electrical system defects<\/li>\r\n<li>Engine issues<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Most states also require that the vehicle&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/what-are-express-and-implied-warranties.html\">express warranty<\/a>&nbsp;cover the defect.<\/p>\r\n<p>Typically, states allow the manufacturer or car dealer to try to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/secret-warranties-recalls-and-lemons.html\">repair the vehicle defect<\/a>&nbsp;before lemon law applies. Individual states determine what a reasonable amount of repairs is. The number may vary depending on the defect.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/civil-code\/civ-sect-1793-22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California&#8217;s lemon law<\/a>&nbsp;applies to any new motor vehicle bought or used for personal, family, or household purposes. It also covers used vehicles still under the original manufacturer&#8217;s warranty. California law considers at least two repair attempts &quot;reasonable.&quot;<\/p>\r\n<h2>Lemon Vehicles and Car Warranty Periods<\/h2>\r\n<p>Lemon law covers vehicles under the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/consumer-warranty-basics.html\">original manufacturer warranty<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Most states require consumers to report a defect within the warranty period or a set amount of time\u2014whatever comes first. The time varies by state but typically ranges from one to two years after&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/buying-a-car.html\">the vehicle purchase<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Instead of a time frame, you may have to report a defect within a specific mileage range, commonly 12,000 to 24,000 miles.<\/p>\r\n<p>Most lemon laws don&#8217;t apply to vehicles in an extended warranty period. This is because most extended warranties&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/product-warranties-returns.html\">are service contracts<\/a>&nbsp;that provide repair and maintenance coverage. An extended warranty is usually an optional plan you can buy that kicks in after your manufacturer&#8217;s warranty ends.<\/p>\r\n<p>A manufacturer warranty is sometimes called a factory warranty.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Arbitration Programs for Lemon Law Disputes<\/h2>\r\n<p>Some states offer&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/arbitration-rules-and-procedures.html\">arbitration programs<\/a>&nbsp;to address lemon law disputes. Arbitration is when a neutral third party (the arbitrator) decides how to resolve a conflict between two parties. Arbitration happens outside the court system and is generally&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/arbitration-pros-and-cons.html\">faster and less expensive<\/a>&nbsp;than filing a lawsuit.<\/p>\r\n<p>For lemon law issues, the arbitrator focuses on determining if there has been a reasonable number of repair attempts and an appropriate remedy. Not every state offers arbitration programs for lemon issues \u2014 check with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/what-consumer-protection-agencies-do.html\">your state&#8217;s attorney general office or consumer protection agency<\/a>&nbsp;to find specifics for your state.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Finding a Reputable Mechanic for Car Repairs<\/h2>\r\n<p>Just because your new vehicle&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/car-repairs-and-the-law.html\">needs a repair<\/a>&nbsp;while under warranty doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean it&#8217;s a lemon. A single repair fixes most issues.<\/p>\r\n<p>Federal law bans the manufacturer or dealership from forcing you to use a particular mechanic or authorized dealer for repair. But they may be able to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/what-will-void-a-warranty-.html\">void a warranty claim<\/a>&nbsp;if an aftermarket part causes further problems with your vehicle.<\/p>\r\n<p>Depending on how long you own your vehicle, you will likely need a repair at some point after the warranty expires. You will want to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/your-rights-defects-repairs-and-lawsuits.html\">find a reputable mechanic<\/a>&nbsp;at a fair price, which can be difficult.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are three primary types of car repair facilities:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Car dealerships<\/li>\r\n<li>General repair shops<\/li>\r\n<li>Auto repair chains<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Car dealerships are usually a safe choice because the mechanics have experience with your vehicle&#8217;s make and model. But dealerships are usually more expensive than other types of repair shops. So, most consumers choose to use a dealership if the vehicle&#8217;s warranty&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/automobile-warranties-and-other-buyer-protections.html\">covers the necessary work<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>General repair shops usually offer less expensive labor, but parts can cost more than at a dealership. It can also be difficult to know if the mechanics are reliable, honest, and familiar with your type of car.<\/p>\r\n<p>Finally, auto repair chains generally focus on one or two particular areas of a car. These are good for specific routine maintenance,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-quick-car-maintenance-services-like-oil-changes--tires.html\">like oil changes<\/a>&nbsp;or balancing and aligning tires. They tend to be less expensive because they work on many cars.<\/p>\r\n<p>You may end up at an unscrupulous repair shop despite your best efforts. While you might be unhappy with the service, if you do not pay for the repairs to your vehicle, the shop may be legally entitled to keep it. Often, the shop owner can get a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/understanding-mechanic-s-liens.html\">mechanic&#8217;s lien<\/a>, which allows them to keep and sell the car if you do not pay the balance for the repair.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Hiring a Lemon Law Attorney<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you think you&#8217;ve bought a lemon, you have legal rights. While most consumers can resolve a lemon issue on their own, some complicated situations need the help of a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law\/getting-an-attorney-s-help-lemon-laws-car-buyer-protections.html\">lemon law lawyer<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>While lemon laws most often cover new vehicles, some used cars, trucks, motorcycles, and motorhomes are also protected. An attorney can review your state&#8217;s law to determine if it covers your type of vehicle. If your car meets the criteria for a lemon, the dealer may have to buy back the vehicle from you at its purchase price.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the manufacturer or dealership is difficult and you can&#8217;t get a refund or replacement vehicle, an experienced attorney can help. They can look at the details to determine if you have a lemon law case. They can negotiate with the dealership and help you take further legal action if necessary.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/lemon-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact an attorney<\/a>&nbsp;in your area to learn more.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 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11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Consumer legal issues typically need an attorney&#8217;s support\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You can hire an attorney to enforce your rights for safe products, fair transactions, and legal credit, banking and related financial matters\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Legal cases for identity theft, scams, or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act can be complicated and slow. 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