{"id":352678,"date":"2016-04-04T10:42:08","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/consumer\/online-scams\/the-can-spam-act-trying-to-protect-consumers-from-unsolicited.html"},"modified":"2024-04-11T14:53:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T19:53:54","slug":"the-can-spam-act-trying-to-protect-consumers-from-unsolicited","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/the-can-spam-act-trying-to-protect-consumers-from-unsolicited.html","title":{"rendered":"The CAN-SPAM Act: Consumer Protection From Unsolicited Commercial Email"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">The CAN-SPAM Act: Consumer Protection From Unsolicited Commercial Email<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/hannah-hilst\/\">Hannah Hilst<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            April 11, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Spam. We all get it. There are many names to describe it\u2014junk mail, unsolicited commercial email, and spam email. You might find yourself spending too much time trying to sort out legitimate business and personal emails from bad. Spam emails are frustrating and can seem endless.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, or the CAN-SPAM Act, aims to reduce the burden that consumers face in their inboxes. Unfortunately, it hasn&#8217;t entirely stopped the flood of unsolicited junk mail.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Risks of Unsolicited Spam Email<\/h2>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/stopping-internet-spam.html\">Online spam<\/a>&nbsp;is abundant on the internet. But you may be more likely to see and interact with spam when it goes directly into your email inbox. Spam emails create many hazards for consumers\u2014they can enable deception.<\/p>\r\n<p>Unsolicited email messages can raise issues such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Emails may introduce spyware or malware as downloadable attachments or links, risking&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/identity-theft.html\">identity theft<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<li>Consumers may encounter&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/what-is-email-phishing-and-spoofing-.html\">phishing or spoofing emails<\/a>&nbsp;asking for the consumer&#8217;s account or financial information.<\/li>\r\n<li>Consumers may fall prey to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams.html\">scam offers<\/a>, such as fake sweepstakes.<\/li>\r\n<li>The sheer volume of automated spam emails can bury a consumer&#8217;s important emails, rendering their email account practically unusable for serious communications.<\/li>\r\n<li>Consumers may not realize which messages are advertisements.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>While many email services use algorithms to filter these spam messages, they are imperfect. Email services can&#8217;t track solicitation. This means they don&#8217;t know whether you already agreed to receive a company&#8217;s messages.<\/p>\r\n<p>Though you can block individual senders, businesses may use multiple email addresses to contact you. Scammers can also generate new email accounts to get around blocking features.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Who Is Subject to CAN-SPAM Rules?<\/h2>\r\n<p>This federal law applies to any business using email marketing and communications. The Act&#8217;s rules do not apply to individuals&#8217; regular emails.<\/p>\r\n<h3>CAN-SPAM Regulates Commercial Emails<\/h3>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/business-guidance\/resources\/can-spam-act-compliance-guide-business\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Trade Commission<\/a>&nbsp;(FTC) explains that the type of email affects how the CAN-SPAM Act applies.<\/p>\r\n<p>All commercial emails must follow several rules under the CAN-SPAM Act. Commercial emails are messages with a promotion or advertisement as their primary focus.<\/p>\r\n<p>Businesses don&#8217;t need your consent to send commercial messages. So, these emails can often be unsolicited. But even if you signed up for a company&#8217;s marketing emails, the CAN-SPAM Act still applies.<\/p>\r\n<p>In contrast, other emails may be part of an ongoing or past transaction. Order confirmations, shipping notifications, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/product-warranties-returns.html\">product warranty<\/a>&nbsp;delivery are examples of transactional emails. The CAN-SPAM Act generally doesn&#8217;t apply to legitimate transactional messages.<\/p>\r\n<p>A business may also send relationship-oriented emails. A relationship can be as simple as having an active account with that business. For example, a store might reach out periodically to summarize your account rewards balance. These emails also have fewer requirements than commercial messages.<\/p>\r\n<h2>CAN-SPAM Email Protections for Consumers<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Act sets specific requirements for businesses and their&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-operations\/email-marketing-best-practices.html\">marketing practices<\/a>. These obligations help you understand who is contacting you, the nature of their communication, and how to control the marketing messages you receive.<\/p>\r\n<h3>An Opt-Out Option<\/h3>\r\n<p>Every piece of unsolicited commercial email must give you the choice to opt-out, telling the sender that you don&#8217;t want their emails anymore.<\/p>\r\n<p>Opting out must always be free for consumers. The process can&#8217;t require you to make a purchase or provide sensitive information. Companies can add an optional survey to ask why you are unsubscribing. But they can&#8217;t require your response to take you off their mailing lists.<\/p>\r\n<p>Once you send a business an opt-out request, it has 10 business days to comply. If it doesn&#8217;t, the sender can be liable under CAN-SPAM for $250 each time it sends another email after your opt-out request. A court can increase damages up to three times if there is proof that the spammer &quot;willfully and knowingly&quot; refused to stop the emails after the consumer&#8217;s request.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Relevant Subject Lines<\/h3>\r\n<p>Marketers write creative, punchy subject lines to make their emails more attractive than the other messages in your inbox. But they can&#8217;t use deceptive trade practices like clickbait and false claims.<\/p>\r\n<p>Misleading and deceptive email subject headers are illegal under the CAN-SPAM Act. Email header information includes the \u201cFrom,&quot; \u201cTo,&quot; and subject line fields.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, a retailer might advertise free samples in the email header to grab shoppers&#8217; attention. If the message body doesn&#8217;t mention anything about how to get the free item, it may violate CAN-SPAM.<\/p>\r\n<p>Yet, a retailer could use the subject line to advertise a free item as long as the body of the email explains more details. Even if there are stipulations, such as a minimum purchase to get the free item, the header would at least relate to the message.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Warnings for Sensitive Material<\/h3>\r\n<p>A &quot;brown paper wrapper&quot; requirement applies to sexually explicit emails. The sender must warn the recipient in the email header that the message contains sexually explicit material. This warning allows you to control your exposure to this content.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Accurate Sender Identification<\/h3>\r\n<p>Senders can&#8217;t hide behind someone else&#8217;s legitimate domain name. For example, you might receive an email that appears to be from eBay asking you to update your account, but the real sender is not that company. CAN-SPAM makes this action illegal.<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Sender&#8217;s Physical Postal Address<\/h3>\r\n<p>Since spammers like to hide, CAN-SPAM requires businesses sending unsolicited commercial emails to have a valid physical mailing address in the message. You can usually find this address at the bottom of the email. It&#8217;s often alongside other contact information like social media links.<\/p>\r\n<p>The FTC allows businesses to use a street address, a P.O. Box, or a private mailbox address. This address must comply with U.S. Postal Service registration requirements.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Advertisement Disclosures<\/h3>\r\n<p>Companies must label unsolicited advertisement emails as such. For example, they may add an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-operations\/special-considerations-for-on-line-advertising.html\">explicit disclosure<\/a>&nbsp;like \u201cthis is an advertisement&quot; within the message.<\/p>\r\n<p>Senders can&#8217;t assume you will recognize when an email&#8217;s primary purpose is to advertise a product or service. This disclosure ensures you know that the email is not another type of message, such as a notice primarily related to a specific transaction.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The CAN-SPAM Act for Text Messages<\/h2>\r\n<p>Companies often use online systems to send text alerts for account updates,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/tips-to-help-protect-your-identity.html\">multi-factor authentication<\/a>, and flash sales. Like email, scammers sometimes fraudulently use text messages to get information or sell products.<\/p>\r\n<p>The CAN-SPAM Act treats some marketing texts as another form of commercial electronic mail messages that must meet its strict requirements. But other federal and state laws set most commercial texting rules. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/consumer-transactions\/telephone-marketing-laws.html\">Telephone Consumer Protection Act<\/a>&nbsp;(TCPA) governs most text messages and calls from businesses.<\/p>\r\n<p>Signing up for the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/telemarketing.donotcall.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Do-Not-Call Registry<\/a>&nbsp;through the federal government can help you avoid unsolicited marketing texts. You can also opt out of texts similarly to email, such as by replying to the text with \u201cstop&quot; or \u201cend.&quot;<\/p>\r\n<h2>CAN-SPAM Act Enforcement<\/h2>\r\n<p>This Act has posed enforcement challenges. Just as spam emails overwhelm consumers, they can also overwhelm law enforcement and the courts.<\/p>\r\n<p>That&#8217;s why only a small percentage of spam email messages lead to legal action. Regulators tend to focus on legitimate businesses violating the rules \u2014 often unintentionally.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, a large financial institution may face high scrutiny for sending mass unsolicited advertisements for investment products with no way to turn them off. This case might have a significant impact on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/banking.html\">consumers and their financial decisions<\/a>. The institution would also have an unfair advertising advantage over competitors complying with the opt-out law.<\/p>\r\n<p>Holding the institution accountable may be easier for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/what-consumer-protection-agencies-do.html\">regulators&nbsp;<\/a>than, for example, tracking down an anonymous online scammer in a foreign country.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Can I Sue CAN-SPAM Violators?<\/h3>\r\n<p>No, the CAN-SPAM Act doesn&#8217;t give you the right to file your own private lawsuit for damages if you get unsolicited junk email. Instead, it lets the FTC or state attorneys general sue spammers on their behalf. They can seek to recover damages, impose civil penalties, and stop the emails.<\/p>\r\n<p>Some email providers and internet service providers (ISPs) have filed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2004\/03\/10\/technology\/internet-providers-sue-hundreds-over-unsolicited-email.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">private lawsuits<\/a>&nbsp;in state and federal courts against senders of spam emails. They wanted to hurt spammers where they think it hurts most: their bank accounts.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How Do I Get Rid of Spam Email?<\/h2>\r\n<p>First, ensure you&#8217;ve updated versions of antivirus software that can detect malicious email &quot;worms&quot; and &quot;bots&quot; from infecting your computer.<\/p>\r\n<p>Second, use email filter tools in your email software, such as Outlook. Or use them in web-based email accounts like Yahoo! and Gmail.<\/p>\r\n<p>Third, ask yourself whether an email you&#8217;ve received raises the following red flags:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Is it full of misspellings?<\/li>\r\n<li>Is it from a company or person that you don&#8217;t know?<\/li>\r\n<li>Does the email ask you for money or to buy something when this is the first time you&#8217;ve had any contact with the company?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Finally, if you believe a company is still sending you unwanted emails after you&#8217;ve notified them to stop, you can file a complaint with the FTC. You can also contact your state&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/attorney-general.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Attorney General&#8217;s office<\/a>&nbsp;to learn about local anti-spam laws and your rights.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Related Resources<\/h2>\r\n<p>Read more about this&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer.html\">consumer protection law<\/a>&nbsp;below:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/legal-library\/browse\/rules\/can-spam-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The CAN-SPAM Act<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consumer.ftc.gov\/articles\/0038-spam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FTC: Spam for Consumers<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Speak With a Consumer Protection Lawyer<\/h2>\r\n<p>Though you can&#8217;t sue a business for violating the CAN-SPAM Act, other legal issues related to your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams\/email-privacy-concerns.html\">privacy and security<\/a>&nbsp;may arise. You can learn more about your consumer rights by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/consumer-protection\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contacting an attorney<\/a>&nbsp;in your state.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Consumer legal issues typically need an attorney&#8217;s support\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You can hire an attorney to enforce your rights for safe products, fair transactions, and legal credit, banking and related financial matters\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Legal cases for identity theft, scams, or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act can be complicated and slow. An attorney can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/consumer-protection\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:0803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                src=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745902396\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1\/general-components-subscribe-module-Image-subscribeModule_1.png?_i=AA\"\n                alt=\"\"\n                loading=\"lazy\"\n            \/>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-content fl-flex fl-flex-wrap\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-text fl-mb25\">\n            <h4 class=\"fl-no-margin\">Enter your email address to subscribe<\/h4>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <form class=\"email-subscription-content-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distributionList\" value=\"latl\" \/>\n            <label for=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" class=\"fl-text-sm-bold\">Email (Required)<\/label>\n            <div class=\"email-subscription-content-form-group\">\n                <input id=\"email-subscription-content-form-group-input\" name=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"\/>\n                <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-success subscribe-success-message fl-text-sm-bold\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"status\">Thank you for subscribing!<\/p>\n            <p class=\"email-subscription-content-form-error subscribe-error-message fl-text-sm-bold\" role=\"alert\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/p>\n\n            <div id=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha\" class=\"email-subscription-content-form-recaptcha subscribe-recaptcha\"\n                data-sitekey=\"0x4AAAAAAABGBEkK9kEeKxO-\"><\/div>\n        <\/form>\n\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-content-footer fl-text-sm\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/newsletters.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more about FindLaw\u2019s newsletters<\/a>, including our terms of use and privacy policy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"general-list\">\n    <h3>Helpful Links<\/h3>\n    <ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin\">\n                                    <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/lemon-law.html\">\n                        Lemon Law\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/online-scams.html\">\n                        Online Scams\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/travel-rules-and-rights.html\">\n                        Rights to Travel\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Attorney Directory<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/internet-cyberspace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet and Cyberspace Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/antitrust-trade-regulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antitrust and Trade Regulation Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-commercial-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Business and Commercial Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/communications-media-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Communications and Medial Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/ethics-professional-responsibility\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ethics and Professional Responsibility Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/science-technology-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science and Technology Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/entertainment-sports-leisure-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Entertainment, Sports and Leisure Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unwanted commercial emails and scams flood consumers&#8217; email inboxes. FindLaw explains how a federal law limits spam emails and what you can do to stop them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":352662,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2732],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-352678","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-consumer"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352678\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352678"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=352678"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=352678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}