{"id":352687,"date":"2016-04-04T10:42:08","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/consumer\/securities-law.html"},"modified":"2024-10-24T14:20:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T19:20:00","slug":"securities-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law.html","title":{"rendered":"Securities Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <div\n    data-testid=\"fl-general-title\"\n    class=\"fl-general-title fl-flex fl-gap20 fl-items-end\"\n>\n    <div class=\"fl-general-title-heading fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n        <h1\n            class=\"fl-h1 fl-general-title-title fl-no-spacing\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-title\"\n        >\n            Securities Law\n        <\/h1>\n        <p\n            class=\"fl-general-title-description fl-text-xl fl-no-margin\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-description\"\n        >\n            Securities are negotiable financial instruments that have a monetary value. Securities can be a complicated area of law.\n        <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/oni-harton-j-d\/\">Oni Harton, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 24, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;If you&#8217;re investing in the stock market or making other securities transactions, know basic securities law. <\/p>\r\n<p>Companies that issue securities must follow strict rules. These rules involve the disclosure of information affecting the value of their securities.&nbsp;They must file many documents about the value of their company and assets with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).<\/p>\r\n<p>Congress authorized the SEC. It&#8217;s the federal governmental agency with oversight and control of the industry. It can further regulatory controls. Knowing the basics about federal laws and regulations governing the securities industry is essential if you are an investor.<\/p>\r\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s Securities Law section provides basic information about this complex area of law. We have articles on how to prove securities fraud, the responsibilities of investors and brokers, and a guide to understanding securities arbitration. You can also find links to various resources related to securities markets.<\/p>\r\n\n<div\n    class=\"fl-category-overview\"\n    data-testid=\"fl-category-overview\"\n>\n    <div\n        class=\"fl-accordion fl-category-overview-container\"\n        id=\"category-overview\"\n        data-testid=\"fl-accordion\"\n    >\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Securities Law Basics\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-1-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/proving-securities-fraud.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Proving Securities Fraud<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/the-abc-s-of-securities-litigation-claims.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The ABCs of Securities Litigation Claims<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-illegal-churning-or-excessive-trading.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is Illegal Churning or Excessive Trading?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-securities-based-lending.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is Securities-Based Lending?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-selling-away.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is Selling Away?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-vs-commodities.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Securities vs. Commodities<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/understanding-securities-arbitration.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Understanding Securities Arbitration<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/finra-arbitration-process-and-timeline.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The FINRA Arbitration Process<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Securities Resources\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-2-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/responsibilities-of-investors-and-brokers.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Responsibilities of Investors and Brokers<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/sec-whistleblower-faqs.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>SEC Whistleblower FAQ<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-class-action-lawsuits.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Securities Class Action Lawsuits<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-to-do-if-you-suspect-unauthorized-trading.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What to Do if You Suspect Unauthorized Trading<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-does-a-securities-lawyer-do.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Does a Securities Lawyer Do?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/use-promissory-notes-when-lending-to-family-and-friends.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Use Promissory Notes when Lending to Family and Friends<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/when-is-over-concentration-considered-fraud.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>When Is Over-Concentration Considered Fraud?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Federal Securities Laws\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-3-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/commercial-honor-and-finra-rule-2010.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Commercial Honor and FINRA Rule 2010<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-act-of-1933.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Securities Act of 1933: Stock Market Regulation after the Great Crash<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-and-exchange-act-of-1934.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Securities Exchange Act of 1934<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-and-exchange-act-rule-10b.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Securities and Exchange Act Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/suitability-an-intro-to-finra-rule-2111.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Suitability: An Intro to FINRA Rule 2111<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-the-howey-test.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is the Howey Test?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-the-sarbanes-oxley-act.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-the-dodd-frank-act.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>What Is the Dodd-Frank Act?<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Securities Rules and Regulations<\/h2>\r\n<p>Companies and people in capital markets must follow specific rules and regulations.&nbsp;Congress, regulatory agencies, and self-regulatory organizations oversee securities markets.<\/p>\r\n<p>Failure to follow these rules can result in criminal and civil actions. For example, the federal&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/about\/about-securities-laws#:~:text=Often%20referred%20to%20as%20the,in%20the%20sale%20of%20securities.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Act of 1933<\/a>&nbsp;mandates disclosures for securities for sale as a public offering. (Exemptions to this rule include private offerings made to a limited number of people or entities.)<\/p>\r\n<p>The law has reporting requirements. Compliance also requires companies to provide registration statements. These statements allow potential investors to learn about the company. They show a description of the company&#8217;s properties and businesses, financial conditions, and more. U.S. public companies must follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in financial statements.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Rules for Broker-Dealers<\/h2>\r\n<p>Individuals and institutions involved in buying and selling securities must follow strict rules. These&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/files\/oasb-broker-dealer-building-block.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broker-dealers<\/a>&nbsp;have various rules about the investment advice they provide to clients. Broker-dealers also have rules relating to the actions they take with their clients&#8217; money.<\/p>\r\n<p>Brokers are subject to registration requirements. Brokers must register with the SEC and become members of the Financial Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Find or research an investment professional or firm with FINRA or your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaa.org\/contact-your-regulator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state&#8217;s securities regulator<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Common Securities Abuses<\/h2>\r\n<p>Despite rules and regulations, abuses involving securities continue. Companies, broker-dealers, or ordinary people can perpetrate these abuses. The most common abuses that can happen with companies issuing securities are:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Insider trading<\/li>\r\n<li>Fraud<\/li>\r\n<li>Market manipulation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Insider trading happens when a person with inside knowledge of the company&#8217;s business uses that information to trade stocks. Claims that a company committed fraud are often related to the company&#8217;s public offerings. Market manipulation can happen when a company, broker, or investor creates a false impression about a security or its activity.<\/p>\r\n<p>Broker-dealers can also commit various abuses in the securities industry. Misconduct committed by broker-dealers includes:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Churning<\/li>\r\n<li>Unauthorized trading<\/li>\r\n<li>Misrepresentation and omissions<\/li>\r\n<li>Unsuitability<\/li>\r\n<li>Misappropriation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Some of these acts are self-explanatory. Others are more difficult to understand. For example, churning happens when a stockbroker executes excessive trading on a client&#8217;s account. This boosts the broker&#8217;s commissions. Unsuitability is when a broker makes investment recommendations contrary to the investor&#8217;s objectives.<\/p>\r\n<p>People outside the securities industry can also commit securities abuses. Con artists use tricks and tactics to induce people into fraudulent investment schemes. These con artists trick people into investing their savings. They promise unrealistic financial returns. These offers typically involve offers for oil and gas leases, limited partnerships, stocks, and bonds.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Learn More<\/h2>\r\n<p>Investing your money can be overwhelming if you lack an understanding of securities law and your rights as an investor. Before you take the plunge, research&nbsp;investments and the legal framework governing securities.<\/p>\r\n<p>Below are links to nonprofit groups, academic institutions, trade organizations, and other places with information for investors. Explore them to learn more about your rights as an investor, securities laws and regulations, and more.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aaii.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Association of Individual Investors<\/a>.&nbsp;A nonprofit that educates people in stock investing, mutual funds, portfolio management, and retirement planning.\u200b\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.investorprotection.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investor Protection Trust<\/a>.&nbsp;Offers non-commercial investor education materials.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasaa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North American Securities Administrators Association<\/a>.&nbsp;A voluntary association of securities administrators. It works in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Mexico. Provides investor education and protection resources.\u200b\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.better-investing.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Association of Investors Corporation<\/a>.&nbsp;Offers educational materials for individual investors and investment clubs.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.finra.org\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)<\/a>.&nbsp;Regulates the securities industry and oversees most all U.S. stockbrokers and brokerage firms.\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Investor Protection Corporation<\/a>.&nbsp;Nonprofit membership corporation created by the Securities Investor Protection Act. It&#8217;s dedicated to restoring funds to investors with assets in the hands of bankrupt and troubled brokerage firms.\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawblogs.uc.edu\/sld\/the-deskbook-table-of-contents\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Lawyer&#8217;s Deskbook<\/a>.&nbsp;From University of Cincinnati College of Law. Full text of selected securities laws and regulations.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaa.org\/contact-your-regulator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Securities Regulators<\/a>.&nbsp;They enforce state securities laws, known as blue sky laws.\u200b<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Stock Exchanges<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/markets\/nyse-american\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Stock <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/markets\/nyse-american\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exchange<\/a>&nbsp;American<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASDAQ<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nyse.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Stock Exchange<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Laws<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/litigation\/aljdec.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Administrative Law Judge Decisions<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commodity and Securities Exchanges Regulations<\/a>.&nbsp;Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 17.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawblogs.uc.edu\/sld\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Lawyer&#8217;s Deskbook<\/a>.&nbsp;From the Center for Corporate Law, University of Cincinnati College of Law. Includes texts to the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Investment Company Act of 1940.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/litigation\/opinions.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Opinions<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/rules.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulatory Actions<\/a>.&nbsp;Include proposed rules, final rules, concept releases, interpretive releases, policy statements, and more.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/about\/rulesofpractice.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Rules of Practice<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/interps.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Interpretations<\/a>. Includes staff accounting bulletins, legal bulletins, and telephone interpretations.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/litigation\/suspensions.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Trading Suspensions<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Federal Securities Laws<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/about\/about-securities-laws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Several laws govern the securities industry<\/a>. Primary federal securities laws include the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-1884\/pdf\/COMPS-1884.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Act of 1933<\/a>.&nbsp;Addresses company securities issuance, including the registration of securities, registration statements, and prospectuses\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-1885\/pdf\/COMPS-1885.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Exchange Act of 1934<\/a>.&nbsp;Governs the trading, purchase, and sale of securities<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-1888\/pdf\/COMPS-1888.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trust Indenture Act of 1939<\/a>.&nbsp;Applies to debt securities, such as bonds, debentures, and notes offered for public sale<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-1879\/pdf\/COMPS-1879.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investment Company Act of 1940<\/a>.&nbsp;Regulates companies that engage in investing, reinvesting, and trading securities\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-1878\/pdf\/COMPS-1878.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investment Advisers Act of 1940<\/a>.&nbsp;Regulates firms or sole practitioners compensated for advising others about securities investments. It also ensures that they follow securities regulations.\u200b<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-1883\/pdf\/COMPS-1883.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002<\/a>.&nbsp;Implemented many reforms to enhance corporate responsibility and combat corporate accounting fraud<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-9515\/pdf\/COMPS-9515.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010<\/a>.&nbsp;Seeks to reshape the U.S. regulatory system in several areas. That includes consumer protection, regulation of financial products, corporate governance, and transparency.\u200b<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>At the federal level, securities laws and regulations control most aspects of the securities industry.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Hiring a Securities Lawyer<\/h2>\r\n<p>It can be hard to know that you&#8217;ve been the victim of securities fraud before losing your investment money. It&#8217;s critical to pay attention to your investment accounts and investigate if something doesn&#8217;t seem right. If you feel that securities or investment fraud is happening in your account,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/securities-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact a local securities attorney<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n         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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Consumer legal issues typically need an attorney&#8217;s support\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You can hire an attorney to enforce your rights for safe products, fair transactions, and legal credit, banking and related financial matters\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Legal cases for identity theft, scams, or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act can be complicated and slow. An attorney can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/consumer-protection\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:0803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Attorney Directory<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/securities-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Securities Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/mergers-acquisitions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mergers and Acquisitions Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/antitrust-trade-regulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antitrust Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/banking-finance-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banking and Finance Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-commercial-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Business and Commercial Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/taxation-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tax Law Attorneys<\/a><\/li>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/consumer-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consumer Protection Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"popularRecent\">\n    <div class=\"row popular-recent\">\n        <h2 class=\"popular-recent-title\">Looking for More Information?<\/h2>\n        <div class=\"popular-recent-item\">\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-image\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745849290\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-popular-recent-popular\/general-components-popular-recent-popular.svg?_i=AA\"\n                    alt=\"\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-content\">\n                <h3>Popular Law Articles<\/h3>\n                <ul class=\"fl-list\">\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-the-howey-test.html\">What Is the Howey Test?<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-does-a-securities-lawyer-do.html\">What Does a Securities Lawyer Do?<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-vs-commodities.html\">Securities vs. Commodities<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-law-an-overview.html\">Securities Law: An Overview<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/proving-securities-fraud.html\">Proving Securities Fraud<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            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investments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":352483,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/OverviewPageController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2732],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-352687","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-consumer"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352687"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352687\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352687"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=352687"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=352687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}