{"id":352698,"date":"2017-05-16T16:34:04","date_gmt":"2017-05-16T21:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/consumer\/securities-law\/suitability-an-intro-to-finra-rule-2111.html"},"modified":"2024-05-21T10:43:29","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T15:43:29","slug":"suitability-an-intro-to-finra-rule-2111","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/suitability-an-intro-to-finra-rule-2111.html","title":{"rendered":"Suitability: An Intro to FINRA Rule 2111"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Suitability: An Intro to FINRA Rule 2111<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/oni-harton-j-d\/\">Oni Harton, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            May 21, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>In recent years, the securities industry has received more extensive&nbsp;regulation. Regulations seek to increase investor protections and hold brokers and firms accountable to the public. FINRA, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, has played a primary role in creating rules to regulate the securities industry. It also enforces violations of these rules.<\/p>\r\n<p>One of FINRA&#8217;s goals is investor protection. It protects investors from risky or abusive behavior by broker-dealers. To further this goal, FINRA created a customer-specific suitability rule.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Investment objectives must consider the customer&#8217;s investment objectives. This rule requires brokers to have a reasonable basis to believe that a specific investment strategy is&nbsp;suitable&nbsp;for a particular customer account.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Read on to learn more about suitability and FINRA Rule 2111.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What Is FINRA?<\/h2>\r\n<p>FINRA, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.finra.org\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Financial Industry Regulatory Authority<\/a>, oversees all brokerage firms and financial advisors. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission<\/a>&nbsp;(SEC) oversees FINRA, a not-for-profit, self-regulating organization (SRO) authorized by Congress.<\/p>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-and-exchange-act-of-1934.html\">Securities Exchange Act of 1934<\/a>&nbsp;(Exchange Act) created SROs to enforce industry standards and requirements for securities trading and brokerage. FINRA creates and enforces&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/commercial-honor-and-finra-rule-2010.html\">rules governing the broker-dealer industry<\/a>. Several&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.finra.org\/rules-guidance\/rulebooks\/finra-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FINRA rules<\/a>&nbsp;ban unauthorized trading. FINRA also sets up procedures to handle disputes between brokers and customers, including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/finra-arbitration-process-and-timeline.html\">arbitration procedures<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Members of FINRA include all&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/securities-law-an-overview.html\">securities firms<\/a>&nbsp;doing business with the public. FINRA also provides oversight and enforcement to the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>New York Stock Exchange<\/li>\r\n<li>NASDAQ<\/li>\r\n<li>MSRB<\/li>\r\n<li>The American Stock Exchange<\/li>\r\n<li>The International Securities Exchange<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>FINRA can discipline members who fail to comply with federal securities laws and FINRA&#8217;s regulations.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Suitability and FINRA Rule 2111<\/h2>\r\n<p>FINRA has numerous rules governing brokers and firms. FINRA&#8217;s suitability rule,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.finra.org\/rules-guidance\/rulebooks\/finra-rules\/2111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rule 2111<\/a>, discusses reasonable-basis suitability. It requires broker-dealers to ensure a recommended transaction or investment strategy is&nbsp;suitable for the customer.&nbsp;Brokers must base recommendations on facts obtained through&nbsp;reasonable diligence.&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 0.8125rem;\">This rule addresses past abuses and&nbsp;yield-chasing&nbsp;behavior in brokers at a client&#8217;s expense.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>Rule 2111 places three main suitability obligations on brokers and other registered representatives:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Reasonable basis obligation<\/li>\r\n<li>Customer-specific obligations, including an expanded list of factors to consider<\/li>\r\n<li>Quantitative suitability obligation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Rule 2111, the suitability rule, only applies to recommended securities and investment strategies involving securities.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Reasonable Basis Obligation<\/h3>\r\n<p>Under FINRA Rule 2111, a broker must have a&nbsp;reasonable basis&nbsp;for believing a recommendation is suitable for a particular customer. A broker can satisfy this obligation through&nbsp;sales practices, due diligence, and understanding how such recommendations are fit for the general public.<\/p>\r\n<p>What constitutes a reasonable basis will vary depending on the circumstances. In recent years, securities and investment strategies have become more&nbsp;complex. It&#8217;s essential that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/responsibilities-of-investors-and-brokers.html\">brokers fully understand<\/a>&nbsp;any recommended strategy, or they risk running afoul of FINRA&#8217;s suitability requirement.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Customer-Specific Factors<\/h3>\r\n<p>FINRA Rule 2111 must adhere to the &quot;know your customer&quot; requirement. The new rule requires the broker to know as much as possible about a customer before recommending any investment strategy.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rule 2111&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.finra.org\/industry\/faq-finra-rule-2111-suitability-faq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expanded the list<\/a>&nbsp;of customer-specific factors that a broker must analyze. These customer-specific factors include the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The customer&#8217;s age<\/li>\r\n<li>Other investments<\/li>\r\n<li>Net worth<\/li>\r\n<li>Tax status<\/li>\r\n<li>Investment experience, objectives, and investment time horizon<\/li>\r\n<li>Liquidity needs<\/li>\r\n<li>Risk tolerance<\/li>\r\n<li>Financial situation<\/li>\r\n<li>Any other information the customer provides<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Brokers must use reasonable diligence to gather as much information about a customer&#8217;s investment profile before making any recommendations. The onus is on the broker to ask relevant questions rather than<i>&nbsp;<\/i>on the client to volunteer information.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Quantitative Suitability<\/h3>\r\n<p>The requirement for quantitative suitability included in FINRA Rule 2111 addresses&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/what-is-illegal-churning-or-excessive-trading.html\">illegal churning<\/a>. The rule codifies rulings from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/securities-law\/the-abc-s-of-securities-litigation-claims.html\">excessive trading<\/a>&nbsp;cases.<\/p>\r\n<p>Brokers often receive fees for transactions they make on their client&#8217;s behalf. The broker may be tempted to make unnecessary transactions. Excessive trading by a broker to boost their commission at a client&#8217;s expense is unethical. It&#8217;s a conflict of interest.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rule 2111 requires brokers to have a reasonable belief that a series of transactions is suitable. The transactions may be suitable when viewed in isolation. However, the transactions must also be suitable when taken together.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Regulation Best Interest<\/h2>\r\n<p>FINRA adopted the SEC&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/info\/smallbus\/secg\/regulation-best-interest#Introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation Best Interest<\/a>&nbsp;standard of conduct to address conduct concerning retail customers.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.finra.org\/rules-guidance\/key-topics\/suitability\/faq#:~:text=FINRA%20Rule%202111%20requires%2C%20in,diligence%20of%20the%20%5Bfirm%5D%20or\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation Best Interest<\/a>&nbsp;(Reg BI) employs the best interest rather than a suitability standard.<\/p>\r\n<p>Regulation Best Interest established a new,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/file\/exams-reg-bi-alert-13023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">enhanced standard of conduct<\/a>&nbsp;under the Exchange Act for broker-dealers and associated persons that are natural persons (financial professionals) of a broker-dealer.<\/p>\r\n<p>The BI standard applies when making recommendations of securities transactions or investment strategies involving securities (including account recommendations) to retail customers.&nbsp;A broker-dealer must comply with Regulation Best Interest and Rule 2111 regarding recommendations to retail investors.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.finra.org\/rules-guidance\/notices\/20-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compliance with Reg BI<\/a>&nbsp;results in Rule 2111 compliance. Among other obligations,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/files\/rules\/final\/2019\/34-86031.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reg BI requires<\/a>&nbsp;broker-dealers to do the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Act in the best interest of their retail customers at the time of the recommendation<\/li>\r\n<li>Not place the financial or other interest of the broker-dealer ahead of the retail customer&#8217;s interests and asset allocation<\/li>\r\n<li>Address conflicts of interest by providing adequate disclosures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>A broker-dealer meeting the best interest standard would meet the suitability standard. BI goes beyond suitability obligations with increased investor protections.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Legal Help With FINRA Rules<\/h2>\r\n<p>Understanding FINRA&#8217;s rules about suitability is critical for making informed decisions and fully protecting yourself and your investments. If you have had a brokerage firm that caused you severe loss from unsuitable investment advice, get help.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>If&nbsp;you have questions about FINRA rules or broker conduct, consider getting legal assistance from an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/securities-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced securities lawyer<\/a>. They can explain your legal options, including filing claims in FINRA arbitration against the brokerage firm supervising your financial advisor. Don&#8217;t let an investment adviser&nbsp;or an investment company act against your best interests.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                  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<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FINRA rule 2111 requires that brokers have a reasonable basis to believe that a certain investment strategy is &#8220;suitable&#8221; for a particular customer. This FindLaw article explains more about suitability and FINRA Rule 2111.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":352687,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2732],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-352698","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-consumer"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352698"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352698\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352698"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=352698"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=352698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}