{"id":352758,"date":"2022-08-19T07:42:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T12:42:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/immigration\/citizenship\/u-s-citizenship-for-a-foreign-born-adopted-child.html"},"modified":"2023-07-26T08:27:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T13:27:49","slug":"u-s-citizenship-for-a-foreign-born-adopted-child","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/citizenship\/u-s-citizenship-for-a-foreign-born-adopted-child.html","title":{"rendered":"Foreign-Born Adoptees and the Child Citizenship Act"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Foreign-Born Adoptees and the Child Citizenship Act<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/eric-harvey-j-d\/\">Eric Harvey, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/meagan-neil-esq\/\">Meagan Neil, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            July 26, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <div>\n<div id=\"ytjEAiEzGWUBA71ipEkKL-content-0\">\n<p>Most foreign\u2011born adopted children of U.S. citizens automatically gain citizenship under the Child Citizenship Act once they enter the United States. To qualify, the child must be under 18, have at least one U.S. citizen parent, and live in that parent\u2019s legal and physical custody. Families may still need to apply for a Certificate of Citizenship or complete additional steps if the child lives abroad or doesn\u2019t meet all requirements at entry.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the passage of the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 (CCA), adopted children do not need to formally apply for U.S. citizenship. They become citizens automatically. Adoptive parents of foreign-born children may get a citizenship certificate for their child. But they will need to go through the application process to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding the documents needed can help you plan for success. It also helps to anticipate potential delays you may face. Administrative hurdles often arise during this process.<\/p>\n<p>This article focuses on the CCA and how it relates to foreign-born adoptees. It is important to note that there are separate processes for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/citizenship\/how-to-obtain-proof-of-citizenship.html\">foreign-born children of U.S. citizens<\/a>. An <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/immigration-naturalization-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration attorney<\/a> can explain how the CCA applies to your child\u2019s situation and help you understand which process fits your family.<\/p>\n<p>Continue reading for more information about citizenship, foreign adoptions, and other foreign-born adoptees&#8217; issues.<\/p>\n<h2>Is My Adopted Child Eligible Under the Child Citizenship Act?<\/h2>\n<p>For a foreign-born adopted child of U.S. parents to\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: transparent\">get\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/policy-manual\/volume-12-part-h-chapter-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatic citizenship by the CCA<\/a>, the applicant child:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Has at least one adoptive parent who is a U.S. citizen, either by birth or through naturalization;<\/li>\n<li>Is younger than 18;<\/li>\n<li>Is in the legal and physical custody of the U.S. citizen parent and is now living in the U.S.;<\/li>\n<li>Has lawful permanent resident status; and<\/li>\n<li>Was adopted by all other applicable immigration laws<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some foreign-born\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption.html\">adopted children<\/a>\u00a0may need to wait until they have satisfied certain criteria before automatically getting\u00a0citizenship. Others (those living abroad) may need to formally apply to &#8220;naturalize&#8221; since the USCIS can&#8217;t assume that an adoptee (or their parents) living abroad plans to live in the U.S. permanently. You must\u00a0provide a copy of the child&#8217;s birth certificate if available.<\/p>\n<h2>Citizenship for Foreign-Born Adoptees: The Process<\/h2>\n<p>Orphans adopted by a U.S. citizen parent are citizens once their adoption is final and they have lawfully entered the United States as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/visas\/immigrants-your-rights-as-a-permanent-resident.html\">permanent residents<\/a>. Children who did not immigrate as orphans but were adopted by a U.S. citizen parent and gained lawful permanent resident status also automatically gain citizenship (as long as they meet all the criteria before their 18th birthday).<\/p>\n<p>Foreign children who are adopted by U.S. citizens who live overseas are also entitled to citizenship, but under slightly different criteria. Such children may file for naturalization during a legal, temporary visit to the U.S. as long as they are under 18 and their parents or grandparents meet certain other eligibility criteria.<\/p>\n<p>Adopted children residing in the United States may file for a certificate of citizenship using USCIS\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/n-600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Form N-600<\/a>. Adopted children living outside the United States may file for naturalization using USCIS\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/n-600k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Form N-600K<\/a>. Once naturalized, they must file a\u00a0separate application\u00a0for the child to get a U.S. passport.<\/p>\n<p>The application must contain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/citizenship\/how-to-obtain-proof-of-citizenship.html\">proof of citizenship<\/a> in the child&#8217;s country of origin, if available. It must also provide many documents from the adoption proceedings, including proof of the final adoption. Prospective adoptive parents are not eligible to apply. They must wait until the adoption is final.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Be mindful that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/how-to-adopt.html\">adoption process<\/a> itself can take a long time. Factor this into how you organize your schedule and how you plan to meet any deadlines. The child&#8217;s U.S. citizenship will only be granted once the application is approved. Only the approval of the application will result in the child&#8217;s citizenship status.<\/p>\n<p>Another option is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/adoption\/bringing-your-internationally-adopted-child-to-the-united-states\/your-new-childs-immigrant-visa\/your-new-childs-immigrant-visa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IR-3 visa<\/a>, a type of immigrant visa. This visa is for children adopted outside the United States by parents who are also outside the United States at the time of adoption. This and other visa types will allow for lawful admission of the child into the United States, where they will receive a green card and citizenship.<\/p>\n<h2>Hague Convention on Adoptions<\/h2>\n<p>You should also understand the <a href=\"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/Intercountry-Adoption\/Adoption-Process\/understanding-the-hague-convention.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hague Convention<\/a> on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. It concluded in May 1993 in the Netherlands. The United States signed the Convention in 1994. So, it is subject to the rules of the Convention for inter-country adoptions.<\/p>\n<p>The Convention dictates many aspects of adoptions that U.S. citizens enter into. At least, this is the case if those citizens live in the United States. It also applies to U.S. citizens living in countries also <a href=\"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/Intercountry-Adoption\/Adoption-Process\/understanding-the-hague-convention\/convention-countries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">party to the Convention<\/a>. Children who are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/adoption\/international-adoption-basics.html\">adopted under the Convention<\/a> are subject to greater protection.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Adopting Internationally? Hire an Immigration Lawyer<\/h2>\n<p>Getting citizenship for a child as part of an inter-country adoption isn&#8217;t always quick and straightforward. Processes relating to citizenship are notoriously complicated and time-consuming. This is why some adoptive families opt to get legal help with these processes. A local <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/immigration-naturalization-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration law attorney<\/a> can help prepare the right documents and keep your child\u2019s path to U.S. citizenship on track.<\/p>\n<p><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">FindLaw\u2019s\u00a0<a class=\"in-cell-link\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/immigration-naturalization-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">directory of immigration attorneys<\/a> can get you started. Enter your city or ZIP code for a list of qualified legal professionals in your area. Your search results will also show important details about prospective lawyers, including ratings, languages spoken, and whether they offer free consultations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Citizenship and International Adoptions: Additional Resources<\/h2>\n<p>Review the <a href=\"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/legal\/travel-legal-considerations\/us-citizenship\/child-citizenship-act-of-2000.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Department of State website<\/a><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">\u00a0for<\/span> more information on <span style=\"font-size: revert;color: initial\">obtaining U.S. Citizenship under the CCA. It also <\/span><span style=\"color: initial;font-size: revert\">details relevant portions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Find answers to frequently asked questions about:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intercountry adoption<\/li>\n<li>Getting legal custody of adopted children from overseas<\/li>\n<li>U.S. government laws\u00a0about foreign-born children and how they become citizens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can also reference <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/policy-manual\/volume-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 5 &#8211; Adoptions<\/a> of the USCIS Policy Manual for helpful information.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                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       class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Some people can get a green card or complete immigration forms without hiring legal help\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex immigration cases (such as having a criminal history or past immigration violations) may need the support of an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Some non-profits and legal aid clinics offer low cost or free legal help for <span data-term-id=\"57967709\">immigration<\/span><span data-term-id=\"57967702\">\u00a0issues<\/span>\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\"><\/div>\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>The immigration process can be stressful and slow. 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