{"id":352945,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:31","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-claims-against-the-government.html"},"modified":"2025-10-15T16:22:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T21:22:06","slug":"injury-claims-against-the-government","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-claims-against-the-government.html","title":{"rendered":"Injury Claims Against the Government"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Injury Claims Against the Government<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/ty-mcduffey-j-d\/\">Ty McDuffey, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/katrina-wilson-esq\/\">Katrina Wilson, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 15, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Most governments have enacted laws about filing an injury claim against them. These laws are referred to as the Tort Claims Act or the Federal Tort Claims Act. Through them, the federal government, state governments, and city governments have given up or waived immunity to legal liability for an accident or injury.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>You will need to follow strict guidelines and time limits if your personal injury suit involves a claim against:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The federal government<\/li>\n<li>A state government<\/li>\n<li>A local government entity or employee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, you will need to give the government prompt notice of your injury. You must file a notice of claim\u00a0within as few as 60 days after your injury.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>If you do not follow the <span data-action=\"click-&gt;dropdown#toggle\" data-dropdown-menu-id-param=\"menu_draft_term_54254891\" data-dropdown-placement-param=\"top\" data-dropdown-disable-toggle-aria-param=\"true\" data-term-id=\"54254891\">notice requirement<\/span> and other rules, you will lose the right to receive any compensation for injuries caused by the government or a government representative. Governments and their subdivisions are entitled to immunity from liability and lawsuits. This means they cannot be sued without permission.<\/p>\n<p>This article discusses sovereign immunity and other considerations in injury cases against a government entity. If you have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/premises-liability-claims-against-the-government.html\">premises liability claim<\/a>, there are also a few more details to know about before suing.<\/p>\n<p>When you&#8217;re facing a legal dispute with the government, you&#8217;ll want strong representation. A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a> can advocate for your right to fair compensation when a public entity is liable for an accident.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Sovereign Immunity in Personal Injury Law?<\/h2>\n<p>Sovereign immunity is rooted in the concept that the government or its divisions (sovereign entities) can&#8217;t be sued without their consent. This principle comes from English common law. It was based on the idea that &#8220;the king can do no wrong.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In an effort to uphold more democratic principles, the United States government has limited its immunity. The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) was passed in 1946 to waive immunity in certain types of negligence cases. This law provides the government&#8217;s consent to personal injury lawsuits.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In modern times, sovereign immunity applies to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Federal entities<\/li>\n<li>State entities<\/li>\n<li>Local entities, such as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/how-can-i-sue-the-city.html\">municipality or city government<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Certain government employees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But thanks to the FTCA, these entities can sometimes be liable for actions that cause injury or property damage. For example, if an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent injures you, you may have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-the-department-of-homeland-security-dhs.html\">claim against the Department of Homeland Security<\/a>. You can sue the government when it is responsible for your accident or injury.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>The Notice of Claim<\/h2>\n<p>If you are involved in an accident involving a government agency or employee, you should file a notice of claim as soon as possible. Do this regardless of whether the government&#8217;s fault is clear at the time.<\/p>\n<p>Some examples of such accidents include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Being <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/bus-accident-lawsuits-and-settlements.html\">hit by a city bus<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Being <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/conditions-leading-to-indoor-slip-and-fall-accident.html\">injured after tripping<\/a> on protruding concrete on a public sidewalk<\/li>\n<li>Getting sick after using a drinking fountain in a public park<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/first-steps-in-personal-injury-claim.html\">claims process<\/a> differs from state to state. Generally, the purpose of filing a notice of claim is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To make the government aware that you suffered an injury<\/li>\n<li>To give the agency or entity a chance to respond to your contentions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Your claim will either be accepted (which is rare) or denied (most common). If your claim is denied, you are free to file a lawsuit and attempt to hold the government liable through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/going-to-court.html\">civil court<\/a>. It may help to think of the notice of claim filing rule as a prerequisite to any formal civil lawsuit that can later be filed against the government.<\/p>\n<p>For specific information about the requirements for filing a government-related <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/you-can-sue-city-hall.html\">injury claim in your city<\/a> or state, call or write to the government agency involved in the incident.<\/p>\n<p>If you are unsure which branch of government may be responsible (i.e., city, county, or state), it is always best to err on the side of caution and submit a claim to each agency that may be at fault (to any extent) for causing your injuries.<\/p>\n<h2>Gray Area: Government-Affiliated Organizations<\/h2>\n<p>Knowing when the government is involved in an accident or injury is not always clear in every personal injury claim.<\/p>\n<p>For example, suppose you are involved in a car accident with a vehicle driven by an employee of an organization that is not an official state agency. But the organization is partly funded by the state of California and operates in an office building owned by the state.<\/p>\n<p>After the accident, whether you are required to adhere to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/government-code\/gov-sect-911-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Tort Claims Act<\/a>\u00a0in pursuing a claim for your injuries will depend on whether the organization is an arm of the state for purposes of immunity to liability.<\/p>\n<p>As mentioned above, it is always best to err on the side of caution and submit a notice of claim to any government branch or government-affiliated organization that may be at fault in your case.<\/p>\n<h2>Auto Accidents Involving Government Vehicles<\/h2>\n<p>Car crashes involving government vehicles present unique challenges. When a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/fault-and-liability-for-motor-vehicle-accidents.html\">motor vehicle accident<\/a> involves a government employee, the process for seeking compensation differs from a typical auto accident.<\/p>\n<p>This process applies to accidents involving:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mail carriers<\/li>\n<li>Police officers<\/li>\n<li>City bus drivers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In these cases, you must follow specific rules and deadlines outlined by the FTCA or similar state law. You&#8217;ll need to file a notice of tort claim with the appropriate government agency within a time frame that is often much shorter than the standard <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/time-limits-to-bring-a-case-the-statute-of-limitations.html\">statute of limitations for personal injury claims<\/a>. Failure to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/is-there-a-time-limit-to-file-a-lawsuit-what-are-statutes-of.html\">adhere to these timelines<\/a> can result in forfeiture of your right to seek compensation.<\/p>\n<p>Be aware that this process applies to a wide range of government vehicles, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Municipality cars<\/li>\n<li>Garbage trucks<\/li>\n<li>School buses<\/li>\n<li>State-owned maintenance trucks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Medical Malpractice and Government Employees<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice.html\">Medical malpractice<\/a> cases involving federal employees or incidents occurring in government buildings are another area where special rules apply. The FTCA provides a pathway for people to file medical malpractice claims against federal entities. Yet, these cases often require a different standard of proof and follow different procedures than typical medical malpractice suits.<\/p>\n<p>When pursuing a claim of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/medical-malpractice-who-can-be-sued.html\">medical malpractice against a federal employee<\/a>, the plaintiff must show that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The employee acted negligently within the scope of their employment<\/li>\n<li>This negligence led to their injury<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Standard of Care and Negligence<\/h3>\n<p>You must show that the health care provider failed to meet the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/sub-standard-care-treatment-or-surgery.html\">accepted standard of care<\/a> in the field of medicine. This involves demonstrating that the health care provider&#8217;s actions (or failure to act) fell below what a reasonably competent and skilled medical professional would have done under similar circumstances.<\/p>\n<h3>Causation<\/h3>\n<p>Additionally, you must prove that this breach of duty caused your injury or harm. Demonstrating that the provider made a mistake isn&#8217;t enough. You must also show a direct link between the negligence and your injury or worsening condition.<\/p>\n<p>Proving <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/causation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">causation<\/a> is a requirement. This could require expert medical testimony to confirm the connection between the negligence and the injury.<\/p>\n<h2>The FTCA Process<\/h2>\n<p>Medical malpractice claims against federal employees or at federal facilities must be made under the FTCA using these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Administrative Claim:<\/b> First, you must <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights\/filing-civil-rights-claims.html\">file an administrative claim<\/a> with the federal agency that employs the medical professional or operates the medical facility. This claim should detail the exact nature of the claim, the acts of negligence you allege, and a calculation of the damages you&#8217;re claiming.<\/li>\n<li><b>Six-Month Wait: <\/b>After filing your claim, you must wait for the agency to approve or deny it, which can take up to six months. If the agency does not respond within this time frame, you can proceed as though your claim was denied.<\/li>\n<li><b>Filing a Lawsuit: <\/b>If your claim is denied or the agency does not respond in six months, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/personal-injury-law-the-basics.html\">file a lawsuit<\/a> in federal court. It&#8217;s important to note that you only have six months from the date of denial to file a lawsuit. If you miss this window, you may lose your right to pursue the claim further.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Dealing With Property Damage and Personal Injuries on Government Property<\/h2>\n<p>Accidents causing personal injuries or property damage on government property also require a unique approach. Whether you suffered a slip-and-fall accident in a government building or encountered harm in a public park, the procedures you&#8217;ll need to follow are determined by the government entity that controls the property.<\/p>\n<p>To seek compensation, you must submit a formal notice of claim to the appropriate government agency. This notice informs the agency about the incident and your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-damages.html\">intent to seek damages<\/a>. Meet any deadlines for filing such a notice because failure to do so can bar you from later filing a lawsuit.<\/p>\n<h2>Wrongful Death and Claims for Pain and Suffering<\/h2>\n<p>In the unfortunate event that a loved one has died due to the actions of a government employee or on government property, you may have grounds to pursue a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death.html\">wrongful death<\/a>\u00a0claim with the help of an accident attorney. Similarly, you may be entitled to compensation if you&#8217;ve endured significant pain and suffering due to a government entity&#8217;s negligence.<\/p>\n<p>In these claims, you could <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death-overview.html\">potentially recover damages<\/a> for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loss of companionship<\/li>\n<li>Emotional distress<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/damage.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Punitive damages<\/a>, which are designed to punish the wrongdoer, are not available under the FTCA. You can only recover actual damages. Actual damages compensate you for quantifiable losses, not punishment for the wrongdoer&#8217;s actions.<\/p>\n<h2>Suing the Government for Personal Injury? Get Legal Advice First<\/h2>\n<p>The complexity of bringing a personal injury lawsuit against governmental entities (including the need to comply with special rules in filing a notice of claim for injury) makes the help of an experienced attorney a valuable asset in any accident or injury case in which a government entity may be at fault.<\/p>\n<p>You don&#8217;t have to handle the legal process of government immunity alone. Contact a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a>\u00a0with experience in these types of claims for a free case evaluation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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<span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" 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