{"id":352987,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:31","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/the-plaintiff-s-duty-to-mitigate-damages.html"},"modified":"2024-05-09T23:16:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T04:16:25","slug":"the-plaintiff-s-duty-to-mitigate-damages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/the-plaintiff-s-duty-to-mitigate-damages.html","title":{"rendered":"The Injured Plaintiff&#8217;s Duty To Mitigate Damages"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">The Injured Plaintiff&#039;s Duty To Mitigate Damages<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/lark-lewis-j-d\/\">Lark Lewis, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/katrina-wilson-esq\/\">Katrina Wilson, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            May 09, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>If you&#8217;re injured due to someone else&#8217;s negligence, you have to take reasonable steps to minimize the effects and loss related to your injuries. This is known as mitigating your damages.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you bring a personal injury case, the defendant will usually try to reduce the damages you can recover. The defendant does this by proving you failed to take reasonable steps to reduce your loss following your injury. Taking steps to mitigate your damages helps you avoid a reduction or denial of your claimed damages in your personal injury lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p>This obligation includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Seeking other employment if you&#8217;ve lost your job<\/li>\n<li>Seeking retraining if your usual line of work is no longer possible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This article discusses a plaintiff&#8217;s duty to mitigate damages. It describes a few issues that could impact your ability to seek compensation for your losses. A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a> can help advise you on how to mitigate damages and protect your claim.<\/p>\n<h2>An Injured Plaintiff&#8217;s Obligation To Reduce Damages<\/h2>\n<p>Even if you suffer a personal injury through no fault of your own, you must take reasonable steps to avoid further loss and decrease the consequences of your injury. <span data-term-id=\"54256944\">Personal injury law<\/span> uses the <span data-term-id=\"54256947\">doctrine of avoidable consequences<\/span>. This concept means an <span data-term-id=\"54256950\">injury victim<\/span> can\u2019t hold the <span data-term-id=\"54256938\">at-fault party<\/span> accountable for losses that they could have prevented themselves.<\/p>\n<p>The rule of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/mitigation-of-damages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitigation of damages<\/a>\u00a0denies or reduces your right, as a personal injury plaintiff, to recover that part of your damages a court or jury finds could have been avoided. You must act like an ordinary, reasonable person would have in a similar situation.<\/p>\n<p>As an injured plaintiff, when selecting a doctor or treatment for your injuries, you must act:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In good faith<\/li>\n<li>With due diligence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You must also apply these same principles when seeking alternative employment.<\/p>\n<h2>Failure To Mitigate Damages<\/h2>\n<p>An <span data-term-id=\"54256931\">injured party<\/span> may fail to mitigate the loss by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Refusing recommended surgery<\/li>\n<li>Delaying or avoiding <span data-term-id=\"54256951\">medical care<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Ignoring a doctor\u2019s <span data-term-id=\"54256966\">medical advice<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Staying unemployed when you could otherwise work<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"54256964\">plaintiff\u2019s failure<\/span> to take <span data-term-id=\"54256929\">reasonable steps<\/span> could increase their <span data-term-id=\"54256956\">lost wages<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"54256961\">medical expenses<\/span>, and the severity of their injury. In some cases, it could even lead to their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death-overview.html\"><span data-term-id=\"54256949\">wrongful death<\/span><\/a>. The law recognizes that it wouldn&#8217;t be fair to place this burden on a defendant.<\/p>\n<p>Read more about each of the common failures in the sections below.<\/p>\n<h2>Choosing Not To Have Surgery<\/h2>\n<p>Suppose you sustain an injury and fail to follow your treating doctor&#8217;s recommendation to have surgery. In that case, you might be precluded from recovering damages for the consequences of your injury that could have been avoided or lessened by surgery.<\/p>\n<p>You can&#8217;t claim damages as a plaintiff for a permanent injury if the permanency of your injury could have been avoided by having surgery. The standard for this assessment is whether a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/standards-of-care-and-the-reasonable-person.html\">reasonable person would have done so<\/a> under the same circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>If the recommended surgery involves a risk of death or further injury, these factors are considered. The use of general anesthesia alone isn&#8217;t enough to justify failure to have a recommended surgery.<\/p>\n<p>However, you&#8217;re not required to undergo surgery that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exceeds routine<\/li>\n<li>Involves a particular hazard<\/li>\n<li>Poses serious risks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Likewise, you&#8217;re not required to undergo a major surgical operation. When determining whether you acted reasonably by declining treatment that might have lessened your damages, a court considers the probability that the treatment would have resulted in a cure or alleviated your injury. The question is whether the proposed treatment would have cured or reduced the injury.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/personal-injury-law-the-basics.html\">injured person claims<\/a>\u00a0lost future earnings. In that case, a court can consider whether a proposed surgery would likely help the injured person regain their ability to do work.<\/p>\n<h2>Failing To Seek Medical Care<\/h2>\n<p>Failing to see a doctor in a prompt or timely manner may also reduce your potential recovery in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/personal-injury-law-the-basics.html\">personal injury case<\/a>. This is true if a reasonable person would have sought medical treatment. A delay may be reasonable. For example, you might reasonably think a sore ankle is a sprain and treat it accordingly. You might later discover that you had a broken bone.<\/p>\n<p>If the nature of your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury.html\">injury<\/a>\u00a0is obvious, you must act promptly. If you wait, your damages could be reduced if there&#8217;s proof that your delay contributed to your injury.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to note that failing to mitigate doesn&#8217;t always serve as a bar to recovery. Often, a jury will simply reduce your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-damages.html\">damages award<\/a>\u00a0if your delay contributed to your injury or made it worse.<\/p>\n<h2>Refusing Medical Treatment or Disregarding Advice<\/h2>\n<p>Suppose a doctor recommends a course of treatment. In that case, you can&#8217;t disregard your doctor&#8217;s advice and then claim damages for conditions resulting from your failure to follow the advice. Your personal injury damages will be reduced or denied if a reasonable person would have followed the medical advice.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose, for example, you fail to return to physical therapy as advised by your physician. In that case, the court might reduce the amount of damages you may otherwise been able to recover.<\/p>\n<h2>Failing To Seek Employment<\/h2>\n<p>If your accident injuries keep you from performing your usual line of work, you can&#8217;t just sit by in anticipation of recovering enhanced damages. Your damages will be reduced if you can do some kind of work but take no reasonable action to obtain that work.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, you might be subject to reduced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/economic-recovery-for-accidents-and-injuries.html\">damages<\/a>\u00a0if you fail to keep several job interviews or appear at other interviews in unsuitable attire. The same is true if you refuse to accept an offer of suitable employment. You must make reasonable efforts.<\/p>\n<h2>Mitigation and the Role of Insurance Companies<\/h2>\n<p>Suppose an insurance company can prove that you, as a plaintiff, failed to mitigate your damages. In that case, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-claims-and-insurance.html\">insurance company can reduce its payout<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, suppose you suffer a back injury in a car accident. The affected insurance company may argue that you worsened your injury by not following your doctor&#8217;s recommendation for physical therapy. If the insurance company can prove that your pain and medical bills increased because you didn&#8217;t attend therapy, the company might reduce its payout.<\/p>\n<p>Or suppose you sustain an injury in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/slip-and-fall-accidents-overview.html\">slip-and-fall accident<\/a>\u00a0and then develop an infection because you didn&#8217;t seek immediate medical attention. The insurance company might argue that prompt treatment could have prevented your infection.<\/p>\n<h2>Failure To Mitigate as an Affirmative Defense<\/h2>\n<p>In a personal injury lawsuit, the duty to mitigate damages is an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/criminal-defense\/what-is-an-affirmative-defense\/\">affirmative defense<\/a>\u00a0for the defendant. That means the defendant bears the burden of proving that the plaintiff didn&#8217;t take reasonable steps to reduce the impact of their injury. An affirmative defense argues that, even if the plaintiff&#8217;s assertions are true, other facts or legal rules negate or reduce the plaintiff&#8217;s right to recover damages.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With Your Personal Injury Claim<\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re trying to determine whether you&#8217;re taking all the necessary steps after sustaining a personal injury caused by someone else&#8217;s negligence, speaking to a personal injury lawyer can be helpful. Contact a local\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a>\u00a0today.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                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attention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":352917,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2734],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-352987","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-injury"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352987"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352987\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/352917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352987"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=352987"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=352987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}