{"id":353184,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:39","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/unauthorized-treatment-and-lack-of-informed-consent.html"},"modified":"2024-06-12T10:58:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T15:58:00","slug":"unauthorized-treatment-and-lack-of-informed-consent","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/unauthorized-treatment-and-lack-of-informed-consent.html","title":{"rendered":"Informed Consent and Unauthorized Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Informed Consent and Unauthorized Treatment<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/hanan-zaki-j-d-ll-m\/\">Hanan Zaki, J.D., LL.M.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/katrina-wilson-esq\/\">Katrina Wilson, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 12, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>The law gives patients the right to receive information before medical treatment. This information can help you understand whether to agree to the risks and other details about your medical care. A doctor who fails to inform their patient may be liable for medical malpractice.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We trust our doctors to provide the correct medical treatment. We also trust doctors to treat all patients with the highest standard of care.<\/p>\n<p>But after a personal injury or medical condition happens, you may be asking questions like:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How do I know if I&#8217;m getting all the information to make informed medical decisions?<\/li>\n<li>What happens if a doctor gives medical treatment without telling me about the risks or side effects?<\/li>\n<li>Which medication or treatment is right for me? Will I need surgery? Can surgery wait?\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Can I hold my doctor accountable for performing a test or treatment without my permission?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This article discusses informed consent and unauthorized treatment in medical malpractice cases. You may also want to seek advice from a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/medical-malpractice\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical malpractice lawyer<\/a> to understand your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/patient-rights.html\">rights as a patient<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Informed Consent Law?<\/h2>\n<p>Informed consent occurs when a patient receives a proper explanation of the proposed medical care and agrees to proceed. Informed consent is a doctor&#8217;s ethical and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/medical-malpractice-overview.html\">legal obligation<\/a>. State laws often take a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/medical-malpractice-background.html\">patient-centered approach<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A doctor (or representative) should discuss the following with a patient before medical treatment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/can-you-sue-a-doctor-for-the-wrong-diagnosis.html\">Patient&#8217;s diagnosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nature and risks of recommended treatment<\/li>\n<li>Nature and risks of alternative treatment options<\/li>\n<li>Consequences of taking no action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By law, the information must be easy to understand. As a result, patients can make informed decisions about their healthcare.<\/p>\n<p>Medical professionals need a patient&#8217;s informed consent before giving medical treatment. Lack of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/patient-rights\/understanding-informed-consent-a-primer.html\">informed consent<\/a>\u00a0can lead to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/proving-fault-in-medical-malpractice-cases.html\">medical malpractice claim<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Many hospitals, doctors&#8217; offices, and treatment centers have patients sign informed consent forms. That way, there is a record of informed consent.<\/p>\n<h2>Patient Competency<\/h2>\n<p>A patient must be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/competence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">competent<\/a>\u00a0to give informed consent.<\/p>\n<p>The law assumes adults are competent unless they suffer from mental illness or other impairments. For example, a patient may not be able to consent under the influence of certain medications.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>Minors and Medical Consent<\/h3>\n<p>Minors are not legally presumed to be competent. This presumption isn&#8217;t based on how smart they are or any other personal factors. It is based on age.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, they cannot consent to medical treatment and medical procedures. In these cases, the parent or guardian of the child must give consent on the minor&#8217;s behalf.<\/p>\n<h3>Uninformed Emergency Medical Care<\/h3>\n<p>In emergency situations, competency standards can be different. If a person is not competent during an emergency, what happens? The competency rule changes. This is an emergency rule exception.<\/p>\n<p>For example, someone is unconscious and requires life-saving medical care. Healthcare providers consider whether a reasonable patient would refuse medical attention if conscious and competent.<\/p>\n<p>The emergency exception also applies when providing care will prevent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/disability.html\">permanent disability<\/a>. In this case, we assume that a competent and reasonable person would want the doctor to prevent permanent disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>If the doctor knows a patient would not consent to a specific treatment, the doctor cannot abuse this exception, even if it would save the patient&#8217;s life.<\/p>\n<h2>Unauthorized Treatment Violates Patient Rights<\/h2>\n<p>If a doctor doesn&#8217;t fully explain the procedure or the risks of the procedure, that treatment may not be authorized. To win a malpractice claim, the patient must show:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The doctor performed the treatment or surgical procedure without the patient&#8217;s informed consent<\/li>\n<li>If the patient knew about the risks of the procedure, they would not have agreed to the procedure<\/li>\n<li>The patient suffered a harmful consequence due to the unauthorized treatment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If a doctor fails to get informed consent for non-emergency treatment, they may be charged with a civil offense, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/negligence.html\">gross negligence<\/a>, and a criminal offense. Charges can include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/battery-basics.html\">battery<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Ordering Tests Without Informed Consent<\/h3>\n<p>One type of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/patient-rights\/what-is-the-unauthorized-practice-of-medicine.html\">unauthorized treatment<\/a> occurs when a doctor orders unnecessary medical testing but portrays it as relevant to the patient&#8217;s care. Or, a provider might perform a test without adequately explaining the risks and process.<\/p>\n<p>Patients should understand the purpose of testing and screening procedures. Testing can be invasive and may increase the risk of injury. Unnecessary medical tests can also be expensive for the patient without yielding benefits.<\/p>\n<h3>Unauthorized Surgery<\/h3>\n<p>Another type of unauthorized treatment is extra surgical actions. You may have agreed to a specific procedure, but the surgeon decided to take more steps that they personally believed would be better for you. Failing to get your consent before taking those additional actions is a problem.<\/p>\n<p>Surgery carries risk, and surgeons may need to respond to emergency scenarios. Yet, some unauthorized actions may be malpractice.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Gross Negligence in a Medical Context<\/h2>\n<p>Negligence\u00a0happens when a person&#8217;s actions cause harm to someone else. In\u00a0medical malpractice, medical negligence occurs when a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/sub-standard-care-treatment-or-surgery.html\">doctor&#8217;s mistakes<\/a> lead to serious injuries to a patient.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/gross-negligence-and-lack-of-informed-consent.html\">Gross negligence<\/a>\u00a0is a higher standard than regular negligence. A medical malpractice claim for gross negligence is when a doctor&#8217;s conduct is extremely reckless, without care for life or property.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of gross negligence include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amputating the wrong limb<\/li>\n<li>Leaving a surgical instrument inside a body cavity of a patient post-surgery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some states allow\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/what-is-actionable-medical-malpractice.html\">medical malpractice lawsuits<\/a>\u00a0for gross negligence without expert testimony, based on the legal doctrine,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/res-ipsa-loquitur.html\">res ipsa loquitur<\/a>, &#8220;the thing speaks for itself.&#8221; Under this doctrine, a court will presume negligence, making it easier for you to win. If a surgeon does not get informed consent before a procedure and the procedure results in injuries, a patient may sue for gross negligence.<\/p>\n<h2>Find Out if You Have a Valid Malpractice Claim<\/h2>\n<p>If you suffered injury because a medical provider didn&#8217;t disclose the risks of treatment options, you may have a medical malpractice lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p>If you are a victim of medical malpractice, consider contacting a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/medical-malpractice\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical malpractice attorney<\/a>. A medical malpractice lawyer will discuss your legal rights and help you make informed decisions about your case.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n   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