{"id":353242,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:44","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/product-liability\/defects-in-warnings.html"},"modified":"2023-11-06T15:58:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T20:58:03","slug":"defects-in-warnings","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/defects-in-warnings.html","title":{"rendered":"Failure To Warn and Dangerous Product Warning Defects"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Failure To Warn and Dangerous Product Warning Defects<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/oni-harton-j-d\/\">Oni Harton, J.D.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            November 06, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <div data-testid=\"loading-message\" data-fui-focus-visible=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"chatMessageResponser180\" class=\"___1yop6mf f336tjw f9ijwd5 fz7g6wx fod5ikn f1s184ao\" aria-live=\"assertive\">\n<div class=\"___1j4t0a1 f1lmfglv f1abmfm4\" aria-hidden=\"false\" data-testid=\"markdown-reply\" data-message-type=\"Chat\">\n<div class=\"___stpibi0 f22iagw f1vx9l62 fk15e71 f1k953kz f137keqj f1rncccw f1stllg3 f1w4kmmc f1tric3v f10dk5ic fx8cdsv f16nlwsl f1eookvz fhjrts3 fqugt2f f10km5jb f18d18k8 f1v1vhmp f1hdmul3 f198vjnp f2dshw1 fjpjndq fnmj2pj ffrrb40 f1mon110 fhajzam fimndk6 fxv4dng fb1rn9k f59wlhv f1xmfh30 f18yf5o5 fmr6chf fw8qy2q ff161sd f1qr7t77 f1yyogn1 foogchg fp5872b f1tpb8gf f1hdgrc8 f1vatr43 frkxccd f9pdzkb f158oiaz ft5kggy f5l4ui7 f13j03li f18xdoka f8off4e f1go6zfc f128n2ra f1jpxw2j f1lwd9n0 fy0b8hm f1g2633v fx4kvgi fkvolse f1gxrt3a f1os76ua f1js9cnw f1g87ej0 freluf8 f1yggaq6 f2i3chp f1151osp florpoh f35kzfz ftp9m57 f1e288vi fz62hnz fixvuys f1nmofwh fc1c6mv f18a2er7 fhvkrdl fhxnn68 f1oce4bo fvhlfan f7tc0t0 f1ngf1n2 ffrzq6x f1yjiq2m f1aqdgql f1huvaf f10ij78l f1k94sa4 fkmfumq f1jvzkyl f1eu24ob f1xbfc1f fmf0lwf f107dsy8 f3w566c f4648sl f13zpkng f7unjfp f8p1rz fzu6h1w f1i1bi6h f1smo7hi f1sk1xod f1kgogdq f1gjktkp ft608jz f19dd9cz fg3xr24 fhd155k f1b8gl2e fg4b9ou flb4lo fdicbfk fgwcyh1 f1jbds0d f1fb9uea f1stuka4 fcrtu6g fwqh0xn f11w66yg f6e0e65 f1vvgu0 f1607507 f1m9bycv f1ntoah8 f1b694rt faql4r2 fpjuhzh fmavl6h\">\n<p>Products must carry adequate warnings about foreseeable risks, even when properly designed and manufactured. Manufacturers are required to provide clear, visible, and understandable instructions to help consumers use products safely. Failure to warn can result in liability for injuries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>When manufacturers market and sell an unsafe product, they owe it to consumers to warn them of any risks. For example, if an appliance gets hot after use, there should be a warning not to touch it.<\/p>\n<p>A product can be dangerous even if there is no\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/defects-in-design.html\">design defect<\/a>. The same is true when it comes to manufacturing defects.<\/p>\n<p>From a legal perspective, a product can be defective if it doesn&#8217;t have adequate warnings. If the product poses foreseeable risks of harm, a manufacturer, retailer, wholesaler, or distributor must reduce those risks. They can do this by providing reasonable instructions or warnings.<\/p>\n<p>If they fail to warn, their product may be deemed unsafe. If the manufacturer releases a product to the public without any instruction, they\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/what-is-product-liability.html\">can be found liable for resulting injuries<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This article describes manufacturer liability for failing to warn consumers of known risks. For personalized legal advice, contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/products-liability-law\/?keyword=Products+Liability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">product liability attorney<\/a> near you. An expert attorney can review your situation and recommend next steps.<\/p>\n<h2>The Manufacturer&#8217;s Duties<\/h2>\n<p>Some products are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/what-is-an-unavoidably-unsafe-product.html\">inherently dangerous<\/a>. Even if a consumer uses them properly, there is still a risk of harm. Manufacturers must protect consumers to the best of their ability. In failure to warn cases, the injured party must prove the warning was deficient.<\/p>\n<p>A manufacturer has two duties when creating warning labels and instructions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The manufacturer must warn users of hidden dangers that may be present in a product.<\/li>\n<li>The manufacturer must instruct users on how to use a product to avoid any risks and use the product safely.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Warnings must be clear and specific. It must also be conspicuous and placed where the user can easily find it.<\/p>\n<p>Most people are familiar with these warning stickers. They are typically bright orange, red, or yellow. They usually have warnings and brief instructions written in black block letters.<\/p>\n<p>You can usually find a manufacturer&#8217;s warning in the following places:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On the product&#8217;s packaging<\/li>\n<li>On the product itself<\/li>\n<li>In the instruction booklet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sometimes, the manufacturer puts it in all three places. Additionally, the warning must be understandable. Many manufacturers now provide warnings in foreign languages and use symbols. This way, children and non-English speaking users can understand them.<\/p>\n<h2>When Is a Warning Required?<\/h2>\n<p>Most companies voluntarily place warnings on their products. However, the seller is only required to issue warnings in some cases.<\/p>\n<p>According to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/litigation-disputes\/legally-adequate-warning-labels-a-conundrum-for-every.html#:~:text=A%20traditional%20axiom%20of%20products%20liability%20law%20is,be%20expected%20to%20be%20harmed%20by%20its%20use.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Restatement (Third) of Torts<\/a>, companies must provide warnings when:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The product presents a danger<\/li>\n<li>The manufacturer knows about the danger<\/li>\n<li>The danger is present when the consumer reasonably uses the product in its intended manner<\/li>\n<li>The risk is not apparent to the reasonable user<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>What Is Considered Reasonable Use?<\/h3>\n<p>What is deemed &#8220;reasonable use&#8221; and what dangers are &#8220;obvious to the reasonable consumer&#8221; vary with consumer products. It also depends on the mindset of the consumer.<\/p>\n<p>In 1994, Stella Liebeck, a 79-year-old woman, purchased a\u00a0coffee at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/the-mcdonald-s-coffee-cup-case-separating-mcfacts-from-mcfiction.html\">McDonald&#8217;s drive-thru<\/a>. After taking the cup from the server, the woman spilled the coffee on her lap, sustaining third-degree burns.<\/p>\n<p>Ms. Liebeck hired a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a> and sued McDonald&#8217;s after they refused to fully pay for her medical bills, alleging they failed to warn her that the coffee was hot. The jury in her case awarded her $2.86 million in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-damages.html\">punitive and compensatory damages<\/a>. A judge would later reduce her verdict to $640,000.<\/p>\n<p>Most people were surprised she won because it is common sense that coffee is hot. However, this is a prime example of how far the courts will go to protect consumers. The judge found that McDonald&#8217;s should have warned the plaintiff that the coffee was hot enough to cause severe burns if spilled.<\/p>\n<p>The question here was whether Liebeck&#8217;s use of the product was reasonable. Furthermore, was the risk of burning oneself obvious? It is reasonably foreseeable that customers could spill coffee on themselves, especially when using the drive-thru, although Liebeck was in the passenger&#8217;s seat. The risk of burning yourself with fresh, hot coffee is obvious, but the McDonald&#8217;s product was at 180 degrees, 30 degrees above a home brew&#8217;s temperature.<\/p>\n<p>A jury today may disagree with the results in Liebeck v. McDonald&#8217;s. But to be safe, the fast-food chain now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/are-product-liability-disclaimers-effective.html\">includes a disclaimer<\/a> when they sell hot beverages. It has also lowered the temperature of their hot beverages.<\/p>\n<h2>How To Identify a Product Warning Problem<\/h2>\n<p>It can be challenging to determine when a product warning is inadequate. Thankfully, the 6th Circut Court provided a helpful five-part test in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-6th-circuit\/1711692.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bradley v. Ameristep Inc<\/a>. (2015). According to the court in Bradley, the following questions can help ascertain if a product warning is defective:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does the notice indicate the scope of the danger?<\/li>\n<li>Does it reasonably communicate the scope and extent of the harm that can result from misuse?<\/li>\n<li>Do the physical aspects of the warning alert the consumer about the potential dangers?<\/li>\n<li>Does it communicate the consequences of misuse?<\/li>\n<li>Are the means used to convey the message adequate?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you hurt yourself with a dangerous product and wonder if the warning was adequate, this questionnaire should help. It&#8217;s something attorneys in defective product cases assess as well.<\/p>\n<h2>Examples of Defective Products With Inadequate Warnings<\/h2>\n<p>Some products are more likely to suffer from an inadequate warning. These are the products that become the subject of product liability claims. If enough people get hurt, attorneys may file a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/class-action-cases.html\">class action lawsuit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the products that are more likely to have inadequate warnings include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Products that pose a food allergy<\/li>\n<li>Dangerous drugs<\/li>\n<li>Defective medical devices<\/li>\n<li>Small toys that pose choking hazards<\/li>\n<li>Electrical appliances<\/li>\n<li>Lawnmowers and other lawncare tools<\/li>\n<li>Power tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Of course, this list isn&#8217;t exhaustive. It\u00a0doesn&#8217;t include those products that suffer from a design flaw. If you or a loved one get hurt or die due to an inadequate warning, you may have a legal claim for damages. If someone dies after using a defective product without an adequate warning, their family may file a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death.html#:~:text=To%20bring%20a%20successful%20wrongful,cause%20of%20the%20person%27s%20death\">wrongful death action<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Your Product Liability Lawyer Will Demand Damages<\/h2>\n<p>If you file a product liability claim for an inadequate warning, your attorney will demand damages. In many of these cases, the injured party can ask the judge to award them the following types of damages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Medical expenses<\/li>\n<li>Future medical bills<\/li>\n<li>Lost wages<\/li>\n<li>Lost future income<\/li>\n<li>Property damage<\/li>\n<li>Pain and suffering<\/li>\n<li>Punitive damages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Every case is unique. Your product liability attorney won&#8217;t know what you deserve until they review your case.<\/p>\n<h2>The Consumer&#8217;s Responsibilities<\/h2>\n<p>Even if a product is dangerous, consumers are still responsible for protecting themselves. First, the consumer must use the product as instructed. Most products come with instructions telling the buyer how to use them. Other products are so simplistic that all it takes is common sense to stay safe.<\/p>\n<p>When the court determines if a plaintiff was partially responsible for their injuries, they&#8217;ll use a reasonable person standard. They&#8217;ll ask if the average consumer would have acted similarly in the same circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>This doesn&#8217;t mean you can&#8217;t demand damages if you didn&#8217;t use the product correctly. However, your personal injury lawyer must demonstrate that you acted reasonably. They must also show that the danger was not apparent to a reasonable person.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see FindLaw&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/product-liability-faq.html\">FAQ on Product Liability Law<\/a>\u00a0and information on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/legal-basis-for-liability-in-product-cases.html\">Legal Basis for Product Liability<\/a>\u00a0cases.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With a Warning Defect Claim<\/h2>\n<p>When companies fail to warn about the dangers associated with their products, they harm consumers. Fortunately, those injured due to defective warnings can sue the company responsible for damages.<\/p>\n<p>Product liability lawsuits can be complex. Use FindLaw&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/products-liability-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">product liability attorney<\/a> directory to find qualified legal advisors near you. Select your state or city to review contact and ratings information for local experts. Your search results will also link you to additional details about the attorneys\u2019 experience with lawsuits involving warning defects.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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