{"id":353422,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:59","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/aviation-accidents-overview.html"},"modified":"2025-08-19T18:08:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T23:08:09","slug":"aviation-accidents-overview","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/aviation-accidents-overview.html","title":{"rendered":"Aviation Accidents Legal Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Aviation Accidents Legal Overview<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            August 19, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>As air traffic increases, so does the risk of passengers suffering an aviation accident. But many factors can cause airplane crashes and flight injuries. The facts of a case can affect who is liable for the consequences in a personal injury claim.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally speaking, air traffic is a safe means of transportation. But when aviation accidents\u00a0occur, they often result in deaths. Smaller, less serious accidents involving private aircraft happen more often than people realize because many are not reported in the media.<\/p>\n<p>This article offers a basic overview of how aviation laws and safety regulations work to prevent accidents. It also explains what happens when they fail and an accident occurs, including the victim&#8217;s right to start a lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">If you lost a loved one in a plane crash or suffered a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/aviation-accidents-travel-injuries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">travel injury<\/a>, review your options with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Causes of Plane Crashes and Helicopter Crashes<\/h2>\n<p>Aviation accident law covers major air carriers and general aviation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/aviation-accidents-faq.html\">airplane accidents<\/a>. General aviation is all non-commercial aircraft. It includes small planes, large business jets, charter flights, pleasure crafts, helicopters, and hang gliders.<\/p>\n<p>The most common causes of major carrier and general aviation accidents include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pilot error<\/li>\n<li>Faulty equipment or mechanical failures<\/li>\n<li>Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations violations<\/li>\n<li>Structural or design problems<\/li>\n<li>Negligence of Flight Service Station employees<\/li>\n<li>Negligence of Federal Air Traffic Controllers<\/li>\n<li>Negligence in a third party&#8217;s selection of a carrier<\/li>\n<li>Harsh weather conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Duties of the FAA and NTSB<\/h2>\n<p>Two federal agencies <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/aviation-law.html\">regulate air travel<\/a> and investigate every aviation accident (commercial and private aircraft) in the United States. They are the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ntsb.gov\/about\/organization\/AS\/Pages\/office_as.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Transportation Safety Board<\/a> (NTSB) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Aviation Administration<\/a> (FAA).<\/p>\n<p>The FAA sets safety standards for pilot conduct, flight operations, and plane manufacturers. It also enforces FAA regulations through civil or criminal penalties.<\/p>\n<p>The NTSB investigates every civil aircraft accident and recommends safety standards to prevent future accidents.<\/p>\n<h2>Personal Injury Claims for Aviation Accidents<\/h2>\n<p>If you and your attorney decide to pursue a legal claim after an aviation accident, the potentially liable (legally responsible) parties can vary depending on the cause of the accident. The owner and operator of an aircraft may be liable. Manufacturers or maintenance suppliers may also be liable under certain circumstances. Under the Federal Tort Claims Act, the federal government may be responsible for an accident.<\/p>\n<p>Aviation litigation is complex and involves many potential theories of liability under state, federal, and international law. There are several potential defendants to choose from and many different courts where a trial may occur.<\/p>\n<h3>Proving Liability for an Aviation Injury<\/h3>\n<p>To hold someone legally responsible for a plane crash, the injured person (the &#8220;plaintiff&#8221;) must prove that the person responsible (the &#8220;defendant&#8221;) failed to meet an industry standard related to the operation, maintenance, or engineering of the aircraft. The injured person may also point to how the person responsible failed to meet relevant regulations. The plaintiff must use evidence to build their claim.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The circumstances of each plane crash are different. But\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/in-flight-injuries-on-airplanes.html\">claims for personal injury<\/a>\u00a0or death (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death.html\">wrongful death<\/a>) from an aviation accident are generally controlled by the legal theories of negligence, product liability, or some combination.<\/p>\n<p>Also, because two federal agencies regulate air travel, federal rules and regulations may impact a personal injury claim. They could also affect the standards of care owed to the victim of a plane crash.<\/p>\n<h3>Negligence Claims in Aviation<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/proving-fault-what-is-negligence.html\">Negligence<\/a>\u00a0is the legal term for the failure to do (or not do) something that a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/standards-of-care-and-the-reasonable-person.html\">reasonable person<\/a> would or would not have done to protect others from foreseeable risks of harm. Pilots, airline maintenance providers, and major airlines are subject to negligence claims when an aviation accident occurs.<\/p>\n<h3>Product Liability Claims in Aviation<\/h3>\n<p>Another legal doctrine, &#8220;product liability,&#8221; refers to the legal responsibility placed on manufacturers and sellers of defective products. If a person can prove that a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/product-liability-and-aviation-accidents.html\">defective product or part<\/a> somehow contributed to an aviation accident, then product liability may allow recovery against the manufacturer or seller of the defective product.<\/p>\n<h2>Owner or Operator Liability<\/h2>\n<p>Aircraft owners and operators have high standards when it comes to the legal duty of care owed to others. If a plaintiff proves carelessness or recklessness, the owner will be liable for the damages the injured parties suffer. This includes passengers, people on the ground, and even the pilot.<\/p>\n<p>Even if the owner was not operating the airplane when the accident occurred, the owner may still be liable under a legal theory called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/liability-and-insurance\/an-employer-s-liability-for-employee-s-acts.html\">vicarious liability<\/a>. This theory is like how employers may be legally responsible for the actions of their employees. It transfers liability from the party that has directly caused harm to an entity associated with that party.<\/p>\n<h2>Accident Liability of Common Carriers<\/h2>\n<p>Commercial airlines fall under the legal classification of a &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/what-is-a-common-carrier.html\">common carrier<\/a>&#8221; because they publicly advertise that they are willing to carry all passengers who buy tickets. Common air carriers have different (usually more stringent) standards than private carriers.<\/p>\n<p>The FAA is the principal federal agency responsible for regulating air carriers. The FAA imposes uniform standards and procedures while it monitors a carrier&#8217;s internal standards. Understanding complex FAA rules and regulations is necessary to bring an aviation accident claim against a common carrier like a commercial airline.<\/p>\n<h2>Manufacturer Liability<\/h2>\n<p>An aircraft manufacturer can be liable if the accident victim proves that a defect in the product (the aircraft) or a part caused injuries under a legal theory known as &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/strict-liability.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strict liability<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It is important to remember that liability laws differ from state to state. Always check the laws of your state if you&#8217;re confused about the law where you live.<\/p>\n<h2>Comparative Fault in Aviation Accidents With Multiple Causes<\/h2>\n<p>Often, the pilot and the manufacturer are both liable for an aviation accident. This is a legal issue called &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/contributory-and-comparative-negligence.html\">comparative fault<\/a>,&#8221; meaning that the judge or jury must decide the percentage of liability for each during the trial. For example, a pilot might be 35 percent at fault for losing control of a plane, while a manufacturer could be 65 percent for defective landing gear.<\/p>\n<p>Only a few states bar recovery from a manufacturer if the pilot&#8217;s negligence contributed to an airplane crash. Most states use comparative fault and distribute the blame between the various parties.<\/p>\n<h2>Damages in an Aviation Accident Claim<\/h2>\n<p>The typical categories of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-damages.html\">recoverable damages<\/a> in a personal injury claim from an aviation accident include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Past and future medical expenses<\/li>\n<li>Lost wages and lost earning capacity<\/li>\n<li>Past and future pain and suffering<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/emotional-distress-privacy.html\">Emotional distress<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Loss of consortium or association, usually available only to married couples<\/li>\n<li>Punitive damages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>State personal injury laws vary. Each jurisdiction will differ in what damages may be recovered and what proof is required for each category. Many states also impose <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/what-is-a-damages-cap.html\">&#8220;caps&#8221; on certain damages<\/a>, limiting a potential recovery.<\/p>\n<p>An experienced aviation law attorney (a personal injury lawyer) can help you choose the best jurisdiction and present your damages properly. They can help ensure you are fairly compensated for your serious injuries.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help with Your Aviation Accident Case<\/h2>\n<p>Like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/fault-and-liability-for-motor-vehicle-accidents.html\">car accidents<\/a>, many issues will affect the outcome of aircraft litigation. These issues often are the parties that may be named as defendants, questions of where your case may be heard or take place, aviation engineering, industry standards, and federal government rules and regulations. Aviation accident lawyers will understand these issues and can provide you with a personal injury case evaluation at their law offices.<\/p>\n<p>If you or your family members have suffered injury or the death of a loved one due to any aviation accident (including private plane accidents), it can be difficult to know where to turn. This is especially true when the defendant&#8217;s insurance company isn&#8217;t playing fair.<\/p>\n<p>A good first step is to contact an experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a> (aviation accident attorney) near you for a case evaluation. You can also learn more on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/aviation-accidents-faq.html\">aviation accidents legal answers<\/a>\u00a0page.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n          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                 for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    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          class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help seek fair compensation on your behalf\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Accident and injury claims are complex and insurance carriers have lawyers on their side\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored legal advice and ask a lawyer questions about your accident. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL3905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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