{"id":353469,"date":"2017-08-23T19:27:33","date_gmt":"2017-08-24T00:27:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/how-to-file-a-wrongful-death-lawsuit.html"},"modified":"2025-08-12T11:35:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:35:37","slug":"how-to-file-a-wrongful-death-lawsuit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/how-to-file-a-wrongful-death-lawsuit.html","title":{"rendered":"How To File a Wrongful Death Lawsuit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">How To File a Wrongful Death Lawsuit<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            August 12, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>If you have lost a loved one due to the negligent or intentional act of another person, you may sue for wrongful death. But first, you&#8217;ll need to know how to file a wrongful death claim.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Lawsuits are often filed in civil court following a homicide or wrongful death. The surviving family may be searching for money to address financial losses, justice against the person who caused the death, or a sense of closure alongside their grief. Wrongful death claims usually serve all three purposes.<\/p>\n<p>This article provides an overview of the requirements and steps to file a wrongful death lawsuit, including:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Determining <a href=\"#claim\">whether you have a valid claim<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Verifying <a href=\"#eligible\">whether you are an eligible person<\/a> to sue<\/li>\n<li>Understanding the <a href=\"#limitations\">time limit to file for wrongful death<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Completing the <a href=\"#filing\">court documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#serving\">Serving the defendant<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Any of these initial steps could become a challenge depending on your circumstances. This is why it&#8217;s a good idea to talk to a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/wrongful-death-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrongful death attorney<\/a> before taking any action. They can help you understand whether you should sue and how to best prepare for your claim.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"claim\"><\/a>What Is a Wrongful Death Lawsuit?<\/h2>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death-overview.html\">wrongful death lawsuit<\/a> can be filed when a person dies as a result of the negligence or wrongful act of another person. In the case of an intentional or negligent homicide, the prosecutor may bring charges and commence a criminal trial against the responsible party. The family of the decedent (deceased person) also may have a civil remedy in filing a wrongful death lawsuit against a person, institution, or corporation responsible for the death.<\/p>\n<p>The surviving family members of the deceased person can recover damages in a number of ways. These include financial compensation for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Funeral expenses after the person&#8217;s death<\/li>\n<li>Medical bills and medical expenses of the decedent<\/li>\n<li>Loss of companionship (<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/consortium.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consortium<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Lost wages and other economic damages amounting to financial losses<\/li>\n<li>Pain and suffering from personal injuries before death<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition to funeral costs, jury verdicts can award varying damages in a wrongful death lawsuit. This includes damages for the family&#8217;s loss of financial support from the decedent. If a defendant acted with recklessness and caused\u00a0a fatal accident, a wrongful death personal injury claim against them might also request punitive damages. Because they are designed to punish a defendant&#8217;s egregious behavior, punitive damages are assessed on top of other damages.<\/p>\n<p>State laws will also affect the measure of financial compensation to a decedent&#8217;s beneficiaries. For example,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice.html\">medical malpractice<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents.html\">car accidents<\/a>\u00a0that result in fatal death can have different damage calculations depending on state-imposed caps and measures for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/comparative-negligence.html\">comparative liability<\/a>. As such, the surviving children of a deceased person&#8217;s estate may have different amounts and types of damages available to them under Georgia versus North Carolina law, and so on.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"eligible\"><\/a>Can You File a Wrongful Death Lawsuit?<\/h2>\n<p>If a defendant&#8217;s wrongful actions give rise to a personal injury case, they may be liable for breaking the penal code of their state. The survivors of a decedent will have recourse under wrongful death law. The state may also pursue a criminal case against the defendant if they violated the law. The decedent&#8217;s surviving family members can pursue a civil personal injury lawsuit for wrongful death. This can be done concurrently with any criminal charges brought by the state.<\/p>\n<p>An important first consideration is whether you&#8217;re the person authorized by your state&#8217;s statute to file a wrongful death lawsuit. Each state has its own laws designating who can file such a lawsuit. In some states, the decedent&#8217;s surviving spouse, children, or other relatives may file a wrongful death lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p>The claim may also be brought by a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/what-is-a-personal-representative-6-important-questions-and-answers\/\">Personal representative<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate.html\">Executor, trustee, or beneficiary<\/a>\u00a0of the Decedent&#8217;s Estate<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/probate-code\/prob-sect-8541\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Special administrator appointed by a court<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to first determine your state&#8217;s laws on this issue. If you personally aren&#8217;t allowed by law to file this sort of case, then it may be someone else&#8217;s responsibility to do so.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"limitations\"><\/a>Understanding Statutes of Limitation<\/h2>\n<p>Another important initial step is to learn your state&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/time-limits-to-bring-a-case-the-statute-of-limitations.html\">statute of limitations<\/a>\u00a0for wrongful death lawsuits. Each state has implemented time limits that restrict when a wrongful death lawsuit can be filed. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In California, the wrongful death statute of limitations is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/california-law\/california-wrongful-death-laws.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2 years<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>In Montana, the statute of limitations is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/montana-law\/montana-civil-statute-of-limitations-laws.html\">3 years<\/a>\u00a0(with some exceptions).<\/li>\n<li>In Florida, the statute of limitations is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/fl\/title-viii-limitations\/fl-st-sect-95-11.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2 years<\/a>\u00a0from the date of death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In some circumstances, the statute of limitations will begin to run as of the date of death. In other situations, the date will begin upon the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/injured\/2015\/07\/when-is-it-too-late-to-sue-for-wrongful-death.html\">&#8220;discovery of harm.&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0You can use FindLaw&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state.html\">state-specific materials<\/a>\u00a0to determine the statute of limitations in your state. If the statute of limitations defined by your state&#8217;s laws has run out, you will be barred from bringing a wrongful death lawsuit.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"filing\"><\/a>How To Start a Wrongful Death Lawsuit<\/h2>\n<p>If you have determined that you&#8217;re authorized to file a wrongful death lawsuit and are within your state&#8217;s statute of limitations for doing so, the next step is to file documents to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/starting-a-lawsuit-initial-court-papers.html\">commence the civil lawsuit<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>Petition the Court<\/h3>\n<p>Typically, the first document filed in a civil case is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/complaint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complaint or petition<\/a>. This document must provide the defendant with notice of the factual and legal grounds for the case.<\/p>\n<p>Along with the petition, you must\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/summons.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">file a summons<\/a>. This is a document notifying the defendant that they are being sued. It also specifies where the lawsuit will be heard.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"serving\"><\/a>Serve the Defendant<\/h3>\n<p>After the lawsuit has been filed, the relevant documents must be provided to all defendants. This legal procedure is known as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/service.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;service of process&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0and puts the defendants on official notice of the lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p>Each state, and in some circumstances each county, has particular rules about proper methods for service of process. An\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/wrongful-death-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced wrongful death attorney<\/a>\u00a0will be well-versed in the rules for your locality.<\/p>\n<h2>Begin by Reviewing Your Wrongful Death Claim\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>The procedures described above can be difficult to navigate. Filing and serving initial pleadings is only the first step. The lifespan of a lawsuit \u2014 which can be multiple years \u2014 involves many nuanced steps that can be challenging for a non-lawyer. To make matters worse, insurance companies and their personal injury lawyers may fight tooth and nail to avoid paying out.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s a good idea to speak with a wrongful death attorney about your case before filing. Personal injury attorneys who specialize in wrongful death will sometimes have toll-free numbers for consultations. Meet with a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/wrongful-death-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrongful death lawyer\u00a0<\/a>and obtain a case evaluation for your wrongful death case today.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                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                 id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help seek fair compensation for your loss\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can guide you through the complex and emotionally overwhelming process\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can investigate the specific cause of death and who may be liable\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored legal advice and ask a lawyer questions about your wrongful death claim. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/wrongful-death-plaintiff\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL3905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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