{"id":353473,"date":"2017-05-18T18:43:53","date_gmt":"2017-05-18T23:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-vs-negligent-torts.html"},"modified":"2023-08-21T09:02:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-21T14:02:58","slug":"intentional-vs-negligent-torts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-vs-negligent-torts.html","title":{"rendered":"Intentional vs. Negligent Torts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Intentional vs. Negligent Torts<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            August 21, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>In a personal injury case, the tort claims process and the damages available depend on the type of tort alleged in your claim. Intentional torts and negligence torts differ in a few key ways.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>When you are injured by another person, they may have committed a civil wrong. The harmful conduct generally falls within a broad classification called \u201ctort law.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/tort.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tort<\/a> is a wrongful act that injures another person or interferes with their property. Torts can either be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intentional torts (performed purposefully)<\/li>\n<li>Negligent torts (caused by a lack of reasonable care)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For a better understanding of the differences, let&#8217;s compare intentional torts and negligence. To better understand the tort in a specific case, speak with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a> in your state.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Differences in a Defendant&#8217;s State of Mind<\/h2>\n<p>A key difference between an intentional tort and a negligence claim is the actor&#8217;s state of mind. A negligent person did not intend to cause harm, but they are still held legally responsible because their careless actions injured someone.<\/p>\n<p>To illustrate this difference, consider two scenarios:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You&#8217;re sitting at a table arguing with your neighbor. Things escalate, and the neighbor throws a glass, hitting you on the shoulder. Your neighbor committed a tort \u2014 most likely the intentional tort of battery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>During an argument, your neighbor becomes so irate that he smashes a cup on the floor. The impact causes glass shards to fly up into the air. A shard lodges in your eye. This is also a tort, even though the act wasn&#8217;t intentional. The act was negligent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Defining The Tort of Negligence<\/h2>\n<p>Personal injury claims are frequently based on negligence claims. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/negligence.html\">Negligence<\/a> is conduct that falls below a reasonable standard of care for the safety of those around you.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of negligence cases include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Slips and falls caused by unreasonably maintained premises, such as wet floors<\/li>\n<li>Property damage caused by carelessness, such as car accidents caused by reckless driving<\/li>\n<li>Medical negligence involving doctors who fail to take reasonable precautions to prevent harm to their patients (but a doctor&#8217;s knowingly bad behavior may also be an intentional act of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice.html\">medical malpractice<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Wrongful death cases, which usually involve negligence that leads to the death of a victim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Four things jointly determine negligence in a personal injury lawsuit, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Duty of care:\u00a0<\/b>The duty of care requires the use of ordinary care to prevent injury to others. It&#8217;s determined on a case-by-case basis. The defendant must owe a legal duty of care to the plaintiff in some form.<\/li>\n<li><b>Breach:\u00a0<\/b>The duty of care is breached when the defendant fails to exercise reasonable care. It can be an act or omission that is not compatible with the standard of care exercised by an ordinarily prudent person.<\/li>\n<li><b>Causation:\u00a0<\/b>The defendant caused the plaintiff&#8217;s loss. The breach must be the legal cause of harm suffered by the plaintiff. It is both the actual cause and the proximate cause. Actual cause means that, but for the breach, the plaintiff would not have suffered an injury. Proximate cause exists when the type and extent of the injuries suffered were reasonably related to the breach.<\/li>\n<li><b>Plaintiff suffered damages:<\/b>\u00a0The injured party must suffer damages that can be remedied by monetary compensation. The mere breach of duty is not enough. The damages cannot be contingent or speculative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A negligence lawsuit will succeed only if the plaintiff meets their burden of proof. This means their civil lawsuit proves all four elements by a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/preponderance-of-the-evidence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preponderance of the evidence<\/a>. The preponderance of evidence standard in a legal action means that the plaintiff must prove their civil lawsuit with greater than 50 percent certainty. This means the facts and elements alleged are more likely than not to have occurred.<\/p>\n<p>This is a much lower burden than criminal cases involving criminal charges, which require <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/proof-beyond-a-reasonable-doubt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proof beyond a reasonable doubt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Defining Intentional Torts<\/h2>\n<p>Intentional tort cases, on the other hand, occur when a person intentionally acts in a certain way that leads to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries.html\">another person&#8217;s injury<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There are several examples of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/what-are-intentional-torts.html\">intentional torts<\/a> recognized by most states, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Assault:\u00a0<\/b>An attempted battery or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/civil-assault-cases.html\">threatening injury<\/a> without the necessary occurrence of battery<\/li>\n<li><b>Battery:\u00a0<\/b>Harmful or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/battery-basics.html\">offensive contact<\/a> with another person, which may apply even when no actual injury occurs<\/li>\n<li><b>Conversion:\u00a0<\/b>When someone takes your property and &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/conversion.html\">converts<\/a>&#8221; it to their own, which is also known as theft in the criminal world<\/li>\n<li><b>Trespass:<\/b> Using private property without the permission of the owner, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/trespass-to-land.html\">trespass to land<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/trespass-to-chattels.html\">trespass to chattel<\/a> (personal property)\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><b>False imprisonment:<\/b> The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/false-imprisonment.html\">unlawful restraint<\/a> of a person against their will by someone without legal authority or justification<\/li>\n<li><b>Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED):\u00a0<\/b>Intentionally or recklessly causing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress.html\">severe emotional distress<\/a> with outrageous conduct, such as threatening someone with severe harm<\/li>\n<li><b>Defamation:\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/defamation-libel-and-slander-background.html\">Harming the reputation<\/a> of another person through libel (written) or slander (spoken) communications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember the disclaimer that intentional tort claims must, by definition, involve intentional actions. If the element of intent is missing, a civil lawsuit may need to be tried under negligence principles.<\/p>\n<h2>Differences in Available Damages<\/h2>\n<p>Tort cases like car accidents are heard in civil proceedings. This legal process is very different from a criminal proceeding. A civil case seeks monetary compensation for the victims of harmful acts rather than criminally punishing wrongdoers.<\/p>\n<p>The type of tort alleged will affect the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/injury-damages.html\">type of damages<\/a> that are recoverable.<\/p>\n<h3>Intentional Tort Damages<\/h3>\n<p>Damages\u00a0available for intentional torts\u00a0tend to be broader and more generous than in negligence cases.<\/p>\n<p>Typical damages include recovery for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Medical expenses and medical bills<\/li>\n<li>Lost wages<\/li>\n<li>Pain and suffering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Intentional torts can allow for punitive damages since society wishes to deter and punish people from intentionally harming each other. Proof of wrongful intent is required to recover.<\/p>\n<h3>Negligence Damages<\/h3>\n<p>To recover in a negligence case, the person bringing the claim must have suffered actual harm as a result of the defendant&#8217;s actions.<\/p>\n<p>There are two categories of damages that a plaintiff may be able to recover:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Compensatory damages<\/strong>\u00a0are designed to return the plaintiff to the position they were in before injury by the defendant&#8217;s negligence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Punitive damages<\/strong>\u00a0may be awarded if the defendant&#8217;s conduct was reckless, wanton, or malicious.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Review Your Claim With a Personal Injury Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>When you&#8217;re injured, it may seem unimportant whether the harm you suffered was caused intentionally or negligently. But when you are seeking compensation, pursuing the proper legal claim can make the difference between success and failure.<\/p>\n<p>You can obtain a personal injury law claim review from an experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a>. A personal injury lawyer can discuss the elements of your claim and give you a head start on the path to recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n  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class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help seek fair compensation on your behalf\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can use evidence to help you prove negligence or an intentional act\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored legal advice and ask a lawyer questions about your tort. 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