{"id":353478,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:02","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/invasion-of-privacy-laws.html"},"modified":"2023-10-13T01:14:25","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T06:14:25","slug":"invasion-of-privacy-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/invasion-of-privacy-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Invasion of Privacy Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Invasion of Privacy Laws<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            October 13, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>All individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy. They rightfully expect to have control over their personal media and beliefs. That includes private conversations, conduct, and confidential information.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>There is a general desire not to have personal information revealed to the public. After all, our personal lives are usually not of public concern, nor is it fair for anyone to make commercial use of them.<\/p>\n<p>Information spreads rapidly on social media these days. Private affairs can get leaked online, ruining a person&#8217;s privacy in minutes. As a result, it&#8217;s important to know about invasion of privacy laws and how to assert your rights in the event of a violation.<\/p>\n<p>A cause of action (claim) may be available if you suspect someone invaded your privacy. You or your family members may be able to bring an invasion of privacy lawsuit if someone compromised your private information or privacy. A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/defamation\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tort and defamation lawyer<\/a> can help you start this process.<\/p>\n<p>Below, you&#8217;ll find information about each type of invasion of privacy claim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Appropriation\">Appropriation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#disclosure\">Public disclosure of private facts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#false\">False light<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#intrusion\">Intrusion of solitude<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Appropriation of Name or Likeness<a id=\"Appropriation\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>You may have a misappropriation claim if a person or entity has used your name or likeness.<\/p>\n<p>In some states, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/invasion-of-privacy--appropriation.html\">appropriation<\/a> extends to the unpermitted use of your:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Voice<\/li>\n<li>Portrait<\/li>\n<li>Signature<\/li>\n<li>Photograph<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If someone were to benefit from these qualities, you may have a legitimate claim for appropriation of name or likeness.<\/p>\n<p>To succeed in an appropriation claim, you must prove the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You did not grant consent for the use of your identity.<\/li>\n<li>The defendant&#8217;s use of your identity brought them an immediate, direct benefit. Whether the benefit derived can be noncommercial depends on the controlling state law. Some states require that the benefit be related to commercial purposes.<\/li>\n<li>The aspect of identity that was appropriated (such as a person&#8217;s name) is protected under the law. State law controls, so any\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/what-is-common-law\/\">statutory and case law differences<\/a>\u00a0between states will affect your potential claim.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Public Disclosure of Private Facts<a id=\"disclosure\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>You have a right to secrecy over the details of your private life. Suppose someone comes to learn something about you that is not generally known. If the person then discloses the fact to the public, you may have an invasion of privacy claim for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/invasion-of-privacy--public-disclosure-of-private-facts.html\">public disclosure of private facts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some states&#8217; invasion of privacy laws, such as New York, do not recognize this cause of action. You must further assess the applicable state law if you believe someone violated your rights in this manner.<\/p>\n<p>To succeed in a public disclosure claim, you must prove the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The disclosed fact was not generally known to the public before disclosure.<\/li>\n<li>There was a public disclosure. Generally, the disclosure must be made to enough people that it is reasonably likely that the fact will inevitably become public knowledge.<\/li>\n<li>The disclosure would be offensive to a reasonable person of ordinary sensibilities. This does not account for specific sensitivities. In other words, a thin-skinned person cannot bring a claim for a disclosure that wouldn&#8217;t be offensive to the average person. Generally, sexual disclosures are considered inherently offensive, whereas the offensiveness of other disclosures depends on the context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Again, for invasion of privacy, state law controls, and there are significant differences between the invasion of privacy laws of different states. Some states may require that the plaintiff prove additional elements, such as the defendant&#8217;s reckless disregard. The applicable law will determine the strength and scope of your claim.<\/p>\n<h2>False Light<a id=\"false\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>You also have the right not to have information about you disclosed so that it misleads the public, thus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/invasion-of-privacy--false-light.html\">portraying you in a false light<\/a>. Unlike a defamation cause of action, where the plaintiff cannot succeed if the disclosed information is true, the plaintiff in a false light cause of action can sue over truthful disclosed information. This is true so long as that information is disclosed in such a way as to be misleading to the public.<\/p>\n<p>To succeed in suing for a false light claim, you must prove the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There must have been a public disclosure of information.<\/li>\n<li>The disclosure must portray you (the plaintiff) in a false or misleading light.<\/li>\n<li>The disclosure must be highly offensive or embarrassing to a reasonable person of ordinary sensibilities.<\/li>\n<li>The disclosure must have been made with reckless disregard for its offensiveness or embarrassing nature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Whether these elements have been met will depend on the context of the case. As an example of what might constitute a false light claim, consider the possibility of a newspaper printing your photograph next to an article about a criminal committing various heinous acts. Perhaps the photograph and article are structured so that a reasonable person would associate the photograph with the article&#8217;s content. These circumstances would likely give rise to a false light claim.<\/p>\n<h2>Intrusion of Solitude<a id=\"intrusion\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>This is also known as an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/invasion-of-privacy--intrusion.html\">intrusion upon seclusion<\/a> legal action. You have a right not to have your seclusion \u2014 that is, your physical or visible privacy \u2014 intruded upon by another without permission.<\/p>\n<p>An intrusion may be physical or nonphysical. For example, it may involve the use of long-range camera equipment, binoculars, or electronic intrusions. A claim for intrusion of solitude usually comes into play against peeping toms, stalkers, and people snooping through your private records. It can also extend to telephone calls and people engaging in phone call harassment.<\/p>\n<p>To succeed in an intrusion claim, you must prove the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The defendant must have intentionally intruded upon your solitude or seclusion. Or, they must have barged into your private affairs.<\/li>\n<li>The intrusion must be highly offensive to a reasonable person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Offensiveness is very context-sensitive, which means it depends on the unique circumstances of a case. However, matters of public interest are not highly offensive to a reasonable person.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Your Invasion of Privacy Questions Answered<\/h2>\n<p>Invasion of privacy laws may seem complicated. Yet, if you think you have a valid claim, it&#8217;s a good idea to learn more.<\/p>\n<p>You can find out about the laws in your state and even the viability of your claim by speaking with a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/defamation\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">local defamation lawyer<\/a>. This kind of personal injury attorney will know about possible disclaimers, claims, and defenses relevant to your case.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n            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<fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    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          class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help seek fair compensation on your behalf\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Invasion of privacy claims are complex, and a lawyer can help you build a case strategy\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Get tailored legal advice and ask a lawyer questions about your privacy rights. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL3905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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