{"id":353515,"date":"2016-12-23T16:14:12","date_gmt":"2016-12-23T21:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/sikkelee-and-aviation-product-liability-claims.html"},"modified":"2025-09-11T14:18:34","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T19:18:34","slug":"sikkelee-and-aviation-product-liability-claims","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/sikkelee-and-aviation-product-liability-claims.html","title":{"rendered":"Sikkelee and Aviation Product Liability Claims"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Sikkelee and Aviation Product Liability Claims<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            September 11, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p><i>Sikkelee v. Precision Airmotive Corp<\/i>. was a notable case in aviation product liability law. It concerned preemption for air safety. In this case, the court agreed to allow claims under state law rather than federal law.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Personal injury and wrongful death laws have changed over time. Some of these changes come from new legislation. Others come from noteworthy court decisions. Injury cases can also be complex because of differences between states&#8217; laws and federal laws.<\/p>\n<p>This is true of aviation injury cases, too. One such case involved the death of pilot David Sikkelee and aircraft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability.html\">product liability<\/a> laws.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This article explains the legal theories and outcomes of <i>Sikkelee v. Precision Airmotive Corp<\/i>. Yet, every case is unique. A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a> can describe how statutes and case law may apply to your specific claim.<\/p>\n<h2>What Happened in the Sikkelee Case?<\/h2>\n<p>In 2005, David Sikkelee and his brother had just taken off when their Cessna 172N\u00a0lost power, crashed into the ground, and erupted in flames. A government investigation\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ntsb.gov\/about\/employment\/_layouts\/ntsb.aviation\/brief2.aspx?ev_id=20050715X01029&amp;ntsbno=ATL05FA128&amp;akey=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found problems with the carburetor<\/a>,\u00a0which regulates the engine&#8217;s air-gas ratio and speed.<\/p>\n<p>This led to a lawsuit called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-3rd-circuit\/1732007.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Sikkelee v. Precision Airmotive Corp<\/i><\/a>. Sikkelee&#8217;s widow filed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/wrongful-death.html\">wrongful death case<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>That case has since led to significant changes. They affected the entire field of aviation product liability for some states. The changes also influenced narrowing federal preemption law in the airways.<\/p>\n<h2>What Are Aviation Product Liability Claims?<\/h2>\n<p>Large commercial airline crashes in the U.S. are rare but still happen. Smaller, private airplanes face less government regulation but they are involved in accidents more often. Many aviation accidents are attributed to pilot error, but a large number are the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aopa.org\/training-and-safety\/air-safety-institute\/accident-analysis\/joseph-t-nall-report\/nall-report-figure-view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">result of aircraft defects<\/a>. Accidents involving aircraft defects can give rise to aviation product liability claims.<\/p>\n<p>Product liability claims are lawsuits against manufacturers or distributors of faulty products. In this context, they refer to legal action against producers of airplane component parts (aviation manufacturers).<\/p>\n<p>State law standards of care can extend to claims regarding:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aircraft design<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft engine parts<\/li>\n<li>Other aerospace construction issues that may affect airworthiness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Product liability is largely a state tort law issue. For example, suppose a plaintiff brings design defect claims against aerospace companies like AVCO or Lycoming. They may be alleging that an engine manufacturer failed to meet minimum standards of safety. Here, state law products liability claims will usually follow state law standards of case. That means\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aopa.org\/training-and-safety\/air-safety-institute\/accident-analysis\/joseph-t-nall-report\/nall-report-figure-view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tort claims<\/a>\u00a0would be controlled by state law rather than federal law. However, state laws can be preempted,\u00a0as we will discuss below.<\/p>\n<p>To learn more about defective product designs and failure to\u00a0warn claims, visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/product-liability-and-aviation-accidents.html\">product liability and aviation accidents<\/a>\u00a0page.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Preemption in the Field of Aviation Safety?<\/h2>\n<p>Imagine if the federal government had a rule requiring airplanes to be built a certain way. Now picture a state&#8217;s government creating a similar rule with different construction standards. A conflict between what federal law and state law require may occur. This is because state codes and federal statutory regulations set different standards.<\/p>\n<p>While laws vary greatly across the 50 different states, the federal government has uniform laws, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA)<\/li>\n<li>The Federal Aviation Act of 1958, which created the Federal Aviation Administration<\/li>\n<li>The Code of Federal Regulations for Aeronautics and Space (14 C.F.R.)<\/li>\n<li>Title 49 Transportation Laws (49 U.S.C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In situations where federal and state law could both apply to an issue, conflict can create confusion and uncertainty. To resolve this problem, we need to know which law to follow. The Supreme Court&#8217;s decisions\u00a0regarding preemption\u00a0resolve uncertainty.<\/p>\n<p>The Court&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/the-supremacy-clause-and-the-doctrine-of-preemption.html\">preemption doctrine<\/a>\u00a0states that federal law controls over state law whenever:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Congress expressly provided for federal law to preempt (supersede) state law<\/li>\n<li>The state law directly conflicts with federal law (is \u201cconflict preempted&#8221;) or interferes with federal objectives,\u00a0also known as\u00a0conflict preemption<\/li>\n<li>Federal law thoroughly occupies a field of law, such as travel and transportation between states. In that case, it&#8217;s reasonable to assume Congressional intent to preempt state law in that field. This is also known as\u00a0field\u00a0or\u00a0implied\u00a0preemption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In our imaginary example, suppose there&#8217;s a lawsuit regarding airplane part defects. Under federal law regarding defects, the plaintiff will lose. But under state law, the opposite will happen. Thus, a case can have different decisions depending on the law that is applied. In other words, the ultimate outcome in a case can hinge on preemption. This is because federal and state laws sometimes produce different results.<\/p>\n<h2>Preemption and the Standard of Care Dispute in Sikkelee<\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-3rd-circuit\/1732007.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit after Sikkelee&#8217;s crash<\/a>\u00a0was filed in Pennsylvania against 17 defendants. It asserted various state law claims related to a carburetor malfunction or defect, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/strict-liability.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strict liability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/breach-of-warranty.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Breach of warranty<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/proving-fault-what-is-negligence.html\">Negligence<\/a>\u00a0claims<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/misrepresentation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Misrepresentation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/concert-of-action.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Concert of action<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many of these plaintiff&#8217;s claims were initially based on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/standards-of-care-and-the-reasonable-person.html\">standards of care<\/a>\u00a0under state law instead of federal law. The Sikkelee lawsuit relied on state laws rather than federal laws that also controlled the issues in play. This created a preemption analysis problem due to how the Third Circuit Court of Appeals had historically ruled on these issues.<\/p>\n<p>The Third Circuit is a court that handles appeals for federal cases brought in Pennsylvania\u00a0and some other states. In the earlier case of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-3rd-circuit\/1461468.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Abdullah v. American Airlines,\u00a0Inc.<\/i><\/a>, the Third Circuit applied field preemption to air safety. It ruled that\u00a0federal law establishes the applicable standards of care in the field of air safety.\u00a0In other words, the court in\u00a0<i>Abdullah<\/i>\u00a0found that federal law preempts the entire field of air safety from regulation by states.<\/p>\n<h2>How Preemption Could Have Affected Sikkelee<\/h2>\n<p>The problem for Sikkelee&#8217;s family was that the defendants would have likely won under federal law. That is because the federal standards of care were more lenient for the defendants. The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of the airplane engine had received a Type Certificate. It had been issued to the defendants by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).<\/p>\n<p>The certificate indicated that, under FAA regulations, the product was:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Properly designed<\/li>\n<li>Properly manufactured<\/li>\n<li>Met minimum federal standards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, under state law, a judge or jury could look to other factors to establish a standard of care, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local industry design standards<\/li>\n<li>Consumer expectations for the probability and seriousness of harm<\/li>\n<li>Risk\/utility balancing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Therefore, federal preemption could have weakened the\u00a0<i>Sikkelee\u00a0<\/i>case. It could have lowered the applicable standard of care requirements that the defendants had to meet. The defendants would have been much better off being subject only to\u00a0federal<i>\u00a0<\/i>aviation regulations because the plaintiff was relying on state standards of care, which were far less forgiving.<\/p>\n<h2>Verdict: Preemption Did Not Apply to Sikkelee<\/h2>\n<p>In deciding\u00a0<i>Sikkelee<\/i>, the Third Circuit acknowledged its prior ruling of field preemption for air safety. Fortunately for Sikkelee&#8217;s family, the court held that federal preemption did not apply in this case. To make this finding, the Third Circuit limited the preempted field of air safety to\u00a0in-air operations.<\/p>\n<p>The court determined that aviation product liability fell outside the field. Liability applied to design defects in the production phase of an aircraft\u00a0before<i>\u00a0<\/i>it takes flight. The court also found that Congress didn&#8217;t intend to preempt aviation product liability claims.<\/p>\n<p>The Third Circuit also highlighted a difference between:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Federal Type Certificate laws<\/li>\n<li>Federal in-flight laws<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The court stated that federal regulations for Type Certificates are separate. They are distinct from federal rules applying to in-flight standards. The court also found that Type Certificate laws were not very comprehensive or complete in scope. Instead, it found states should determine standards of care for airplane product manufacturers.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does This Mean for Aviation Product Liability Cases?<\/h2>\n<p>The Third Circuit\u00a0is a federal appeals court. It only handles federal cases brought in Pennsylvania district courts and a handful of other states. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/us-federal-court-system.html\">US federal court system has 11 other circuits<\/a>\u00a0that handle cases for many other states.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the\u00a0<i>Sikkelee<\/i> holding has two important implications for cases going forward.<\/p>\n<p>First, it shows that success in aviation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability.html\">product liability cases<\/a>\u00a0may depend on the Circuit in which the case is filed. Other jurisdictions could uphold preemption and apply the federal standard of care.<\/p>\n<p>Second, it shows that the issuance of a Type Certificate by the FAA may not necessarily set a standard of care. The certification process may not necessarily prove compliance in aviation product liability cases.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With Your Aviation Product Liability Case<\/h2>\n<p>When it comes to aviation product liability cases, filing a lawsuit can be difficult. The most basic decisions can be daunting when the FAA is involved. Deciding where to file can\u00a0have significant consequences.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In this complex area of the law, it&#8217;s critical to have an experienced attorney at your side. They can help you navigate the judicial airways in these situations and land you a favorable\u00a0summary judgment. Get help today by getting in touch with a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a>\u00a0near you.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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