{"id":353534,"date":"2017-08-01T13:14:37","date_gmt":"2017-08-01T18:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/trespass-to-chattels.html"},"modified":"2023-09-22T12:14:25","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T17:14:25","slug":"trespass-to-chattels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/trespass-to-chattels.html","title":{"rendered":"Trespass to Chattels"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Trespass to Chattels<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/robert-rafii-esq\/\">Robert Rafii, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            September 22, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>A trespass to chattels is an intentional interference with another person&#8217;s lawful possession of personal property. Sometimes, it can be the basis of a lawsuit.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Trespass to chattels refers to using property without permission from the property owner. In civil law, it falls under common law intentional torts. So, the property owner may have a valid trespass to chattels claim.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, learn about trespass to chattels and how it works in a personal injury case. For more specific advice, find a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tort and injury lawyer<\/a> near you to review your case.<\/p>\n<h2>Trespass to Chattels Is an Intentional Tort<\/h2>\n<p>Judges have created a body of rules called common law through written court opinions. This includes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/tort.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tort<\/a>\u00a0law causes of action. These tort claims, which refer to wrongful actions that cause harm, fall under different categories. When a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/tortfeasor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tortfeasor<\/a>\u00a0(wrongdoer) engages in a purposeful act, they may commit an intentional tort.<\/p>\n<p>Under common law, there are different types of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/what-are-intentional-torts.html\">intentional torts<\/a>, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/civil-assault-cases.html\">Assault and battery<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/false-imprisonment.html\">False imprisonment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/defamation-libel-slander.html\">Defamation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/conversion.html\">Conversion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress.html\">Intentional infliction of emotional distress<\/a>\u00a0(IIED)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Under intentional torts, there are two types of trespass:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trespass to chattels<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/trespass-to-land.html\">Trespass to land<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trespass to land is an unlawful entry or use of another person&#8217;s real estate without the owner&#8217;s permission or reasonable excuse. Trespass to chattels does not apply to real property or any interest in land.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Trespass to Chattels?<\/h2>\n<p>Generally, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/trespass.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trespass<\/a>\u00a0refers to wrongfully using another person&#8217;s property without permission. A &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/chattel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chattel<\/a>&#8221; refers to any personal property, moving or non-moving, except real estate.<\/p>\n<p>Trespass to chattels can be easily confused with the tort of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/conversion.html\">conversion<\/a>\u00a0because they both deal with wrongful interference to a possessory interest in personal property. But,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/trespass-to-chattels-vs-conversion.html\">conversion involves more substantial interference<\/a>\u00a0that may permanently deprive an owner of their property.<\/p>\n<h3>Elements of Trespass to Chattels Claims<\/h3>\n<p>To prove trespass to chattels, you must show the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Intent to trespass:<\/b>\u00a0Merely intending to do the act is enough to show this element of trespass. You don&#8217;t necessarily need to show intent to harm a specific person.<\/li>\n<li><b>Lack of owner&#8217;s consent:\u00a0<\/b>There must be an unauthorized, unlawful interference, which means the person interfered with or dispossessed the chattel without the owner&#8217;s permission.<\/li>\n<li><b>Interference of chattels:<\/b>\u00a0A person commits a trespass to chattel by (1) dispossessing another of the chattel, (2) using or intermeddling with a chattel in the possession of another, or (3) damaging the chattel. Interference does include dispossession of a chattel, but it must be something short of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/conversion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conversion<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember that it doesn&#8217;t matter if the wrongdoer didn&#8217;t know the property belonged to you. They might argue that they made a good faith mistake, but they will likely have liability as long as they intend to perform the act. Possessing or damaging the property itself is enough to show interference.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a Valid Trespass to Chattels Claim?<\/h2>\n<p>In general and according to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ali.org\/publications\/show\/torts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Restatement (Second) of Torts<\/a>, a person will be liable for a trespass to chattels in any of the following situations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The person dispossesses the other of the chattel<\/li>\n<li>The chattel is impaired as to its condition, quality, or value of the property<\/li>\n<li>The possessor is deprived of the use of the chattel for a substantial time<\/li>\n<li>Bodily harm is caused to the possessor, or harm is caused to some person or thing in which the possessor has a legally protected interest (known as a &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/causation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">causation<\/a>&#8221; element)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Damages of Trespass to Chattels<\/h2>\n<p>In a trespass to chattels claim, you can only recover\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/actual-damages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">actual damages<\/a>\u00a0(as opposed to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/nominal-damages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nominal damages<\/a>). The court measures actual damages by the diminished total value of the chattel that resulted from the defendant&#8217;s actions. Counts award nominal damages for as low as $1, even when no harm or injury exists.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, a tortfeasor&#8217;s actions are so shocking or egregious that a court may want to award\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/personal-injury\/when-can-you-sue-for-punitive-damages\/\">exemplary damages<\/a>. Also known as punitive damages, these are damages intended to punish and deter reckless action, especially in cases where a reasonable person in the defendant&#8217;s shoes would have known that actual harm would result.<\/p>\n<h2>Example of Trespass to Chattels<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s say you&#8217;re watching a movie with your friend, Bob, at his place. After the movie ends, you get up to go home. As you leave, you see a laptop sitting on a coffee table and pick it up, thinking it&#8217;s yours. The computer belongs to Bob. His laptop is the same model as yours. Even if you genuinely thought the laptop was yours, you&#8217;re still liable for a trespass to chattels because you intended to take the laptop.<\/p>\n<p>As mentioned above, a mistake of ownership is not a defense against a trespass to chattels. But, to successfully sue you, Bob will have to show that you&#8217;ve done some harm to the laptop or Bob by taking it. Bob won&#8217;t be able to recover any compensation without showing actual damages. If the computer isn&#8217;t damaged or Bob wasn&#8217;t financially harmed while he didn&#8217;t have the laptop, there will be no actual damages.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Your Trespass to Chattels Questions Answered by a Lawyer<\/h2>\n<p>If another person or entity has interfered with your property, you may have a valid trespass-to-chattels claim.<\/p>\n<p>Trespass to chattels is an old common law tort that was more often used in traditional cases ages ago. As a result, the elements of trespass to chattels can be challenging to apply to a modern-day case.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, an attorney can simplify the process and apply the law correctly to your lawsuit. Consider speaking with an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury lawyer<\/a>\u00a0who can help you recover your damages.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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This FindLaw article explains the legal elements and offers examples.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":353411,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2734],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-353534","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-injury"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=353534"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353534\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=353534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=353534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=353534"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=353534"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=353534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}