{"id":353836,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:11","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/military\/administrative-issues-benefits\/military-investigations-the-basics.html"},"modified":"2016-06-20T20:25:06","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T01:25:06","slug":"military-investigations-the-basics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/military\/administrative-issues-benefits\/military-investigations-the-basics.html","title":{"rendered":"Military Investigations: The Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Military Investigations: The Basics<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 20, 2016\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>Anyone who&#8217;s served in the military knows that, even with the best plans and training, things can end up going sideways. However, one of the great strengths of the military is its focus on lessons learned. That\u2019s where military investigations come into play.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>The military has developed a variety of investigations and methods for discovering facts and proposing recommendations covering matters such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Injuries and deaths<\/li>\r\n<li>Property loss and destruction<\/li>\r\n<li>Criminal activity<\/li>\r\n<li>Safety violations and concerns<\/li>\r\n<li>Any other matter or incident (commanders have the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/whs\/directives\/corres\/pdf\/550516p.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inherent authority<\/a> to conduct investigations)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>There are also various investigating entities within the military, depending on the incident and type of investigation. For example, a matter may be investigated within a command, by the Military Police, or by one of the following specialized criminal investigative services:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Army: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cid.army.mil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Investigation Command <\/a>(CID)<\/li>\r\n<li>Marine Corps: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pendleton.marines.mil\/StaffAgencies\/SecurityEmergencyServices\/ProvostMarshal\/CID.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Investigation Division<\/a> (CID)<\/li>\r\n<li>Air Force: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osi.af.mil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Office of Special Investigations<\/a> (OSI)<\/li>\r\n<li>Navy: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncis.navy.mil\/Pages\/publicdefault.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naval Criminal Investigative Services<\/a> (NCIS)<\/li>\r\n<li>Coast Guard: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uscg.mil\/hq\/cg2\/cgis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coast Guard Investigative Services<\/a> (CGIS)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Types of Military Investigations<\/h2>\r\n<p>There are certain events that automatically trigger military investigations, such as deaths due to hostile fire, friendly fire, or suicide. Below are the more common types of investigations that you may encounter in the military:<\/p>\r\n<div><p><u>Criminal Investigations<\/u><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>When a commander learns that a subordinate is accused or suspected of committing a criminal offense, that commander is required to initiate a preliminary inquiry under <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/frd\/Military_Law\/pdf\/MCM-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rule of Court Martial 303<\/a>. This inquiry is usually informal, but can involve an extensive investigation depending on the allegations. These investigations look for evidence of:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Guilt or innocence<\/li>\r\n<li>Aggravation<\/li>\r\n<li>Extenuation and mitigation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div><p><u>Property Loss and Damage Investigations<\/u><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Investigations of property loss or damage, referred to as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apd.army.mil\/pdffiles\/r735_5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Financial Liability Investigations of Property Loss<\/a> (FLIPLs) in the Army, are used to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Document circumstances surrounding the loss, damage or destruction of government property<\/li>\r\n<li>Adjust property records<\/li>\r\n<li>Assess liability or provide relief from liability<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These investigations are used for property accountability purposes and are not intended for adverse actions. However, a commander always has the right to take adverse administrative actions based on the results of such an investigation. These investigations seek evidence based on the following elements (similar to a <a href=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/f/images\/optimost\/accident-injury-law\/elements-of-a-negligence-case-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">negligence<\/a> cause of action): &nbsp;(1) responsibility; (2) loss; (3) culpability; and (4) proximate causation.<\/p>\r\n<div><p><u>Injury, Illness, and Death Investigations<\/u><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Service members suffering injury, illness, or death as a result of their service can expect a Line of Duty (LOD) investigation. This investigation will determine whether an injury was sustained in the Line of Duty, thus opening up eligibility for disability or other compensation from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/benefits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Veterans&#8217; Administration<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>An LOD investigation involves a two-step analysis:<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Was the service member&#8217;s misconduct the proximate cause of injury, illness, or death?<\/li>\r\n<li>What was the service member&#8217;s status?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>If the injury, illness, or death resulted from misconduct, then it would not be considered in Line of Duty. However, if no misconduct was involved, then in Line of Duty would apply as long as the service member was in an authorized duty status (present for duty, on leave or on pass) and not <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/military\/criminal-law\/failure-to-report-for-duty-awol-and-other-charges.html\">AWOL<\/a>. An LOD investigation can result in one of the following determinations:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>In Line of Duty (ILD)<\/li>\r\n<li>Not in Line of Duty-Not Due to Own Misconduct (NLD-NDOM)<\/li>\r\n<li>Not in Line of Duty-Due to Own Misconduct (NLD-DOM)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div><p><u>Commander-Directed Investigations (CDIs)<\/u><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>These investigations are initiated by a commander and are governed by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apd.army.mil\/pdffiles\/r15_6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Army Regulation 15-6<\/a> (Army), the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jag.navy.mil\/library\/instructions\/jagman2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manual of the Judge Advocate General<\/a> (Navy and Marine Corps), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.af.mil\/Portals\/1\/documents\/ig\/afi-90-301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Force Instruction 90-301<\/a> (Air Force) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscg.mil\/directives\/cim\/5000-5999\/CIM_5830_1A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Administrative Investigations Manual<\/a> (Coast Guard).<\/p>\r\n<p>CDIs can be formal or informal and are used for any matter not covered by more specific investigations. However, multiple types of investigations can be conducted regarding the same incident. For example, a service member that is injured and who damages a government vehicle while driving under the influence can be subject to a criminal investigation, a FLIPL, an LOD, and a CDI.<\/p>\r\n<p>CDIs are initiated when a commander appoints an Investigating Officer (IO), who is required to ascertain facts relating to an incident. The IO has a duty to impartially consider all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/criminal-evidence.html\">evidence<\/a>, but is not bound by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/frd\/Military_Law\/pdf\/MCM-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Military Rules of Evidence<\/a>, and must weigh all evidence under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/preponderance_of_the_evidence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preponderance of the evidence<\/a> standard. The IO then issues a Report of Investigation containing findings and recommendations, after which, the commander can:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Approve<\/li>\r\n<li>Disapprove<\/li>\r\n<li>Return for additional investigation (and appoint a new IO if needed)<\/li>\r\n<li>Substitute the findings and recommendations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>What if You&#8217;re the Subject of a Military Investigation?<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you&#8217;re the subject of a military investigation, it&#8217;s important to know all of your rights, particularly those protecting against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/fifth-amendment-right-against-self-incrimination.html\">self-incrimination<\/a>. Also, if you\u2019re subject to a military investigation, you must be advised of your rights under Article 31 of the UCMJ. In addition, you may have a right to challenge any findings by, for example, arguing that they were inconsistent with the evidence, did not account for all of the evidence, or that the investigator was biased.<\/p>\r\n<p>In any event, you should speak with a military defense attorney to further advise you of your rights during the process. You should also consider <a adhocenable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/military-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">speaking with a civilian attorney specializing in military law<\/a>. For more information on this, see FindLaw\u2019s article on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/military\/criminal-law\/court-martial-should-i-hire-a-civilian-attorney.html\">hiring civilian attorneys for military matters<\/a>.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div 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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Crimes involving military personnel need an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Family law issues are handled differently for military families\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Lawyers can help with military benefits or administrative issues\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>The military tries cases through the court martial process. A military law lawyer can help protect your rights during this process.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/military-law\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":353821,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2745],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-353836","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-military"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=353836"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353836\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=353836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=353836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=353836"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=353836"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=353836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}