{"id":353995,"date":"2025-03-19T10:38:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T15:38:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/tax\/legal-help-resources\/what-is-tax-increment-financing.html"},"modified":"2025-03-19T14:23:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T19:23:55","slug":"what-is-tax-increment-financing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/tax\/legal-help-resources\/what-is-tax-increment-financing.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is Tax Increment Financing?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is Tax Increment Financing?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/balrina-ahluwalia-esq\/\">Balrina Ahluwalia, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            March 19, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is a tool that allows local governments to use projected tax revenues to finance current improvements. Municipalities use this public financing means to stimulate economic development and improve specific areas that need revitalization. <\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>By using an expected increase in property taxes, TIF financing allows cities and towns to fund <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/top-10-elements-of-your-community-s-general-plan.html\">community development<\/a> and other projects without raising everyone\u2019s taxes.<\/p>\r\n<p>TIF can be quite effective for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Attracting new businesses<\/li>\r\n<li>Creating jobs<\/li>\r\n<li>Increasing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/impact-of-changing-property-values-on-property-taxes.html\">property valuations<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>But it&#8217;s not without controversy. Opponents raise concerns about TIF taking money away from school districts and other important services that rely on property taxes. Some also worry that it can lead to gentrification, pushing out long-time residents.<\/p>\r\n<p>As such, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/municipal-law.html\">municipalities<\/a> must carefully consider the pros and cons for the entire community before pursuing TIF financing. Engaging a credible <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/tax-increment-financing\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TIF attorney<\/a> who can help you navigate the TIF laws in your state is also critical to making informed decisions.<\/p>\r\n<p>In this article, we explore some of the fundamentals of this relatively new funding mechanism. But first, let\u2019s briefly explore the history of TIF financing.<\/p>\r\n<h2>A Brief History<\/h2>\r\n<p>Tax increment financing began in California in 1952 as a way to provide local matching funds for federal grants. At the time, many cities were struggling with urban decay and needed money to improve rundown areas. The federal government offered grants to help. But cities needed to match some of the funds.<\/p>\r\n<p>TIF was created as a solution to this problem. The idea behind it was simple:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Improve an area<\/li>\r\n<li>Watch its value go up<\/li>\r\n<li>Use the extra taxes from the increased value to pay for the improvements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This meant cities could make necessary changes without raising everyone\u2019s taxes.<\/p>\r\n<p>In the decades that followed, federal funding for urban renewal began to decrease. More states then started to adopt TIF laws. Before long, TIF financing became a popular way for local governments to fund development projects independently.<\/p>\r\n<p>As of 2025, 49 states and the District of Columbia have laws allowing for TIF financing. Arizona does not.<\/p>\r\n<p>The use of TIF has also expanded beyond fixing up old urban areas. Cities have started using it for all kinds of public and private development projects. For example, Chicago, Illinois, has used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transitchicago.com\/rle\/tif\/#:~:text=and%20contact%20us-,What%20is%20a%20Transit%20TIF%3F,%2C%20long%2Dterm%20transit%20projects.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TIF funds to improve public transportation<\/a>, build new schools, and develop affordable housing.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Redevelopment Projects<\/h2>\r\n<p>TIF financing is commonly used to fund redevelopment projects. These are improvements to existing areas that have become rundown, outdated, or underused.<\/p>\r\n<p>We commonly see downtown revitalization and brownfield redevelopment projects. &quot;Brownfield&quot; refers to property that&#8217;s difficult to use because it&#8217;s contaminated with hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants. TIF can fund environmental cleanups, allowing repurposed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws.html\">land uses<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Other redevelopment projects might include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Renovating historic buildings<\/li>\r\n<li>Transforming old industrial waterfronts into recreational areas<\/li>\r\n<li>Converting old factories for commercial\/residential use<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These projects aim to breathe new life into neighborhoods, business districts, or industrial areas.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How Does TIF Work?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Specific processes for TIF projects and financing vary based on state law and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/municipal-law.html\">local regulations<\/a>. But a few general principles apply.<\/p>\r\n<h3>TIF District<\/h3>\r\n<p>Most TIF projects require the creation of a defined TIF district. This is the specific geographic project area where the tax increment will be collected and used.<\/p>\r\n<p>Typically, the municipality will freeze the property values in the TIF district at their current property <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/tax-base.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tax base<\/a>. It then uses the future increase in property taxes to fund the project costs.<\/p>\r\n<p>As property values rise later due to the improvements, the locale collects the extra property tax revenue to pay for the project. We call this increase in future tax revenues the \u201ctax increment\u201d or incremental tax revenue.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Tax Increment<\/h3>\r\n<p>The tax increment is usually calculated based on the combined <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/property-tax-rates-determining-property-tax-rates.html\">tax rates<\/a> of all affected jurisdictions. TIF financing diverts the incremental tax revenue from these jurisdictions to a TIF fund.<\/p>\r\n<p>It\u2019s not uncommon for multiple tax <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/jurisdiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdictions<\/a> to overlap in a TIF district. This naturally affects the revenue allocation process.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Benefits of TIF<\/h2>\r\n<p>At its core, TIF financing is about reinvestment of the new tax revenue in the TIF district to further improve the area and attract more development. This means the TIF revenues stay within the district for targeted local improvements. They don\u2019t go into the municipality\u2019s general fund.<\/p>\r\n<p>While TIF-funded improvements are frequently redevelopment projects, they can take many forms.<\/p>\r\n<p>This might include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Environmental remediation or cleanup<\/li>\r\n<li>Public infrastructure improvements like roads and utilities<\/li>\r\n<li>Land acquisition for new development<\/li>\r\n<li>Public improvements like greenspaces and plazas<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/ada-access-to-buildings-and-businesses-public-accommodations.html\">Accessibility<\/a> upgrades to sidewalks and structures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Because TIF financing reduces some of the risks and costs associated with development, TIF-funded improvements may attract private investment. The private investments and improvements can benefit property owners by increasing real estate values and generating more tax revenue for further reinvestment. This also tends to create jobs.<\/p>\r\n<p>The ideal TIF scenario generates a self-sustaining cycle of reinvestment and growth without raising taxes.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Challenges of TIF<\/h2>\r\n<p>TIF financing offers a unique way to stimulate economic growth and fund improvements in many communities. But it can also bring risks and associated challenges.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, if the expected tax revenue increase doesn\u2019t occur, the municipality might struggle to repay the project costs. Conversely, revenue increases may potentially push out low-income residents and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness.html\">small businesses<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>TIF projects can also be complicated. They require careful planning and management to be successful.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Getting Legal Advice<\/h2>\r\n<p>Before determining whether TIF presents a viable option for your project or community, consider speaking with a credible TIF attorney. They can help you understand your options and the TIF laws specific to your jurisdiction. They may also be able to explain alternatives if TIF financing isn\u2019t right under the circumstances.<\/p>\r\n<p>This highly specialized area of law can be complex, but finding an expert to guide you through it doesn\u2019t have to be. <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/tax-increment-financing\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Findlaw\u2019s directory of tax increment financing attorneys<\/a> can get you started. Just click on your state to view contact information for local TIF lawyers. You can also narrow the search results by city if you prefer.<\/p>\r\n<p>Consult with a qualified advisor who can help you understand if TIF financing is right for your project.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n            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