{"id":354799,"date":"2025-01-30T09:27:56","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/lgbtq-law\/important-laws-and-policies-for-transgender-athletes.html"},"modified":"2026-07-02T15:30:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T20:30:14","slug":"important-laws-and-policies-for-transgender-athletes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/important-laws-and-policies-for-transgender-athletes.html","title":{"rendered":"Important Laws and Policies for Transgender Athletes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Important Laws and Policies for Transgender Athletes<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/balrina-ahluwalia-esq\/\">Balrina Ahluwalia, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            July 02, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Transgender athletes face complex legal challenges regarding their participation in sports. The Supreme Court&#8217;s 2026 <em><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span>.<\/em> decision allows schools to exclude transgender women from female teams based on <span data-term-id=\"59243194\">biological sex<\/span>. Professional organizations like the IOC and <span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span> set their own policies, which range from sex-based restrictions to allowing participation based on <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span> with conditions like hormone level requirements.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The topic of <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> has sparked much debate about fairness and inclusion. The laws and policies addressing trans athletes vary by competition level and sport. Additionally, the rules governing participation are frequently changing and heavily influenced by the presidential administration in power.\u00a0For the most up-to-date legal guidance, contact a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights attorney<\/a> near you.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, we explore this legal landscape to better understand the rights and principles involved. But first, let\u2019s make sure we understand what it means to be transgender.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does \u201cTransgender Identity\u201d Mean?<\/h2>\n<p>The term \u201ctransgender\u201d or \u201ctrans\u201d provides the \u201cT\u201d in LGBTQ or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law.html\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. It doesn\u2019t have one single definition that\u2019s used everywhere. But at its core, being transgender is about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/gay-and-lesbian-rights-sexual-orientation-discrimination.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It refers to someone with a <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span> that\u2019s different from the sex they were assigned at birth. For example, someone born male who identifies as female is a transgender woman\/girl.<\/p>\n<p>Some transgender people do things to align their life or appearance with their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>. This can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Surgery<\/li>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"59243184\">Hormone therapy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/how-to-change-your-legal-name-and-gender-marker.html\">Name change<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, transgender status doesn\u2019t depend on these things. It\u2019s not about how others perceive someone. Rather, it\u2019s about their inner sense of their gender.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"59243178\">Transgender Athletes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The issues surrounding <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> are complex and not without controversy.<\/p>\n<p>Some concerns center around\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/transgender-people-and-bathroom-access-laws.html\">transgender people using locker rooms<\/a>\u00a0aligned with their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>. We see this issue mainly with <span data-term-id=\"59243186\">transgender youth<\/span> in the school setting.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, some challenge transgender women\u2019s and girls\u2019 participation in female sports. They often claim that trans women enjoy <span data-term-id=\"59243191\">physical advantages<\/span> and that it\u2019s unfair to let them compete against\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/sexual-orientation-discrimination-in-employment.html#:~:text=use%20this%20term.-,Cis\/Cisgender%C2%A0,-%E2%80%94%20someone%20whose%20gender\">cisgender<\/a>\u00a0female athletes.<\/p>\n<p>Others challenge these assertions. They argue that sports should be accessible to everyone. And excluding trans athletes from participation is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/civil-rights-overview\/what-is-discrimination.html\">discriminatory<\/a>. Advocates argue this violates trans athletes\u2019 rights.<\/p>\n<p>Against this backdrop, it should come as no surprise that rules addressing trans athletes generally try to balance fairness with inclusivity.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"59243178\">Transgender Athletes<\/span>\u2019 Rights<\/h2>\n<p>The rights of <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> to participate on sports teams and use facilities aligned with their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span> can vary by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jurisdiction<\/li>\n<li>Level of competition<\/li>\n<li>Sport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There\u2019s no single <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/introduction-to-the-u-s-legal-system.html\">federal law<\/a> that explicitly grants or denies these rights. Different states have different laws, and different state associations have different rules.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, policies affecting trans student-athletes can vary by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/discrimination-against-lgbtq-students.html\">school or school district<\/a>. Professional sports, however, are governed differently.<\/p>\n<h2>Executive Order 14201<\/h2>\n<p>On February 5, 2025, President Donald Trump issued <a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/DCPD-202500229\/pdf\/DCPD-202500229.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Executive Order 14201<\/u><\/a>, titled &#8220;<span data-term-id=\"59243187\">Keeping Men Out of Women&#8217;s Sports<\/span>.&#8221; Among other things, the order directs federal agencies to enforce <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> by prioritizing actions against <span data-term-id=\"59243188\">educational institutions<\/span> that allow transgender women and girls to compete in women&#8217;s sports.<\/p>\n<p>Executive Order 14201 has direct legal force over:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Federal agencies (Department of Education, Department of State, etc.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"59243188\">Educational institutions<\/span> receiving federal funding (through <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> enforcement)<\/li>\n<li>Federal grant programs and recipients<\/li>\n<li>Federal immigration and visa policies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Executive orders do not have direct legal authority over private or state professional sports organizations. However, they sometimes create indirect pressure through potential funding connections and diplomatic ties.<\/p>\n<p>For example, EO 14201 specifically directed the Secretary of State to &#8220;use all appropriate and available measures&#8221; to advocate that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olympics.com\/ioc\/athletes\/medical-research\/faq-ioc-policy-protection-female-category\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59243180\">International Olympic Committee<\/span><\/a> (IOC) revise its policies related to <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The IOC is an international body headquartered in Switzerland and is not bound by a U.S. president&#8217;s executive order. However, in March 2026, the IOC did issue a new policy for women&#8217;s events at the Olympics (discussed in more detail below).<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In June 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/supreme-court\/scotus-upholds-state-bans-against-transgender-athletes\/\">issued a landmark decision<\/a> in two consolidated cases: <em><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span>.<\/em> and <em>Little v. Hecox<\/em>. These cases addressed whether <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> and the <span data-term-id=\"59243185\">equal protection clause<\/span> of the Fourteenth Amendment allow schools to maintain women&#8217;s and girls&#8217; sports teams based on \u201c<span data-term-id=\"59243194\">biological sex<\/span>.\u201d The Court&#8217;s opinion uses the terms &#8220;biological males&#8221; and &#8220;biological females&#8221; to refer to <span data-term-id=\"59243183\">sex assigned at birth<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The case involved state laws in West Virginia and Idaho. Both statutes banned transgender women and girls from competing on women\u2019s sports teams. In their lawsuits, the plaintiffs argued that these bans violated <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment14\/annotation04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fourteenth Amendment\u2019s <span data-term-id=\"59243185\">equal protection clause<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Claims of sex-based discrimination under the <span data-term-id=\"59243185\">equal protection clause<\/span> must pass \u201cintermediate scrutiny.\u201d This means the government (in this case, the states) must prove that the law is substantially related to an important government interest. <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> prohibits discrimination \u201con the basis of sex.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In a 6-3 ruling, the Supreme Court majority ruled that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The term &#8220;sex&#8221; in <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> refers to <span data-term-id=\"59243194\">biological <\/span><span data-term-id=\"59243183\">sex<\/span><span data-term-id=\"59243183\"> assigned at birth<\/span>, not <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Separating sports teams based on sex is reasonable because of \u201cinherent\u201d <span data-term-id=\"59243201\">physiological differences<\/span> between boys and girls<\/li>\n<li>Excluding transgender women and girls (those assigned male at birth) from female sports teams does not violate the <span data-term-id=\"59243185\">equal protection clause<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This applies to all transgender students assigned male at birth, including those who have taken puberty blockers or hormones.<\/p>\n<p>Following this decision:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Public K-12 schools and colleges may exclude transgender women and girls from female sports teams<\/li>\n<li>Schools are not required to make individualized assessments of <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span>&#8216; physical capabilities<\/li>\n<li>The 27 states with restrictive laws had their laws upheld as constitutional<\/li>\n<li>Other states and schools may implement such restrictions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Court stated this decision addresses sports participation specifically, and does not resolve <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span>&#8216;s application to other contexts, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/transgender-people-and-bathroom-access-laws.html\">Bathrooms\/locker rooms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/discrimination-harassment-at-school\/gender-identity-at-school-legal-issues.html\">Names and pronouns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/discrimination-against-lgbtq-students.html\">Harassment protections<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Trans Athletes in Professional Sports<\/h2>\n<p>The rules for professional <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> depend on the sport and the organization overseeing it.<\/p>\n<h3>The Olympics<\/h3>\n<p>In March 2026, the IOC issued a new policy limiting Olympic participation in women&#8217;s sports to \u201cbiological females.\u201d The policy, titled &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/stillmed.olympics.com\/media\/Documents\/International-Olympic-Committee\/EB\/policy\/policy-on-the-protection-of-the-female-category-english.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Policy on the Protection of the Female (Women&#8217;s) Category in Olympic Sport<\/a>,&#8221; replaced the IOC&#8217;s 2021 framework that allowed individual sports to set their own criteria.<\/p>\n<p>Under this policy, athletes must screen negative for the SRY gene to be eligible for women\u2019s Olympic events. The SRY gene is typically found on the Y chromosome and initiates male sex development.<\/p>\n<p>This is a one-time screening test. Athletes who screen negative for the SRY gene will be eligible to compete in the female category. Athletes who have the SRY gene may still be eligible to compete in the female category in limited cases involving specific rare medical conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The policy does not create new eligibility rules for the male category. Athletes who are not eligible for the female category may still compete in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The male category (where available)<\/li>\n<li>Open categories (where available)<\/li>\n<li>Any other classifications for which they qualify<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This policy applies to all Olympic sports, both individual and team competitions, starting with the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics.<\/p>\n<h3>Other Professional Sports<\/h3>\n<p>Professional sports leagues and <span data-term-id=\"59243192\">national governing bodies<\/span> (NGBs) set their own policies on <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Restrictions on transgender men are rare. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.world.rugby\/the-game\/player-welfare\/guidelines\/transgender\/men\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Rugby<\/a> allows transgender men who have transitioned pre- or post-puberty to play men\u2019s rugby if certain conditions are met:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Documented\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.world.rugby\/worldrugby\/document\/2021\/05\/12\/2019ed02-1bb6-4f3a-9de9-738045ffe865\/Template-for-confirmation-of-physical-ability.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical confirmation of sufficient physical ability<\/a><\/li>\n<li>In some cases, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Therapeutic Use Exemption <\/a>(TUE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These aren\u2019t required of World Rugby\u2019s cisgender male participants.<\/p>\n<p>In the World Rugby league, transgender men can also play mixed-gender non-contact rugby. However, transgender men who have transitioned cannot play women\u2019s rugby, even if they have a TUE.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/usa.rugby\/news\/usa-rugby-updates-competition-eligibility-policy-2026227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USA Rugby<\/a> changed its policy on <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> in February 2026. The organization now has three categories for competition:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Men\u2019s Division<\/li>\n<li>Women\u2019s Division<\/li>\n<li>Open Division<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"59243178\">Transgender athletes<\/span> may only compete in the Open Division of USA Rugby.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, most professional women\u2019s sports leagues have established criteria for trans women to compete. These rules typically use things like hormone levels and declarations of <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the Women\u2019s Tennis Association (WTA)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photoresources.wtatennis.com\/wta\/document\/2024\/10\/02\/ba96484b-e9bd-4338-9946-f254bb9d5f1e\/WTA-Gender-Participation-Policy-1-.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allows transgender women to compete<\/a> if they:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Declare their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span> as female<\/li>\n<li>Show <span data-term-id=\"59243182\">testosterone levels<\/span> below a specified limit for at least 12 months before competition<\/li>\n<li>Maintain specified <span data-term-id=\"59243182\">testosterone levels<\/span> throughout competition<\/li>\n<li>Maintain their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span> for at least four years before tournaments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In anticipation of tournaments, trans women competing in the WTA must maintain their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span> for at least four years.<\/p>\n<p>The Women\u2019s National Basketball Association (WNBA) also allows transgender women to compete if they satisfy similar eligibility criteria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wnba.com\/player\/203406\/layshia-clarendon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Layshia Clarendon<\/a>, who identifies as nonbinary as well as transgender, was the WNBA\u2019s first openly transgender player. Clarendon joined the league in 2013 and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/los-angeles-sparks-layshia-clarendon-retires-a959d42916769ecb39d04847488ea1a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retired in 2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Different professional sports organizations have adopted different approaches based on their assessment of competitive fairness, safety, and inclusion. Athletes should check with the specific governing body for their sport to understand current eligibility requirements.<\/p>\n<h2>Transgender Student-Athletes<\/h2>\n<p>Several laws govern trans\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-dis-crt-e-d-ken-nor-div-at-cov\/116844509.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">student-athlete<\/a>\u00a0participation in K-12 and college sports. One reason for this is that educational programs include athletics. It\u2019s well established that playing sports provides students with mental health and social benefits that affect their well-being.<\/p>\n<p>In this respect, <span data-term-id=\"59243186\">transgender youth<\/span> are no different.<\/p>\n<p>Sports associations also set rules of competition for transgender high school and college athletes. And school policy typically addresses the subject as well.<\/p>\n<h3><span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/discrimination-harassment-at-school\/liability-under-title-ix-parties-and-standards.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is a federal civil rights law enforced by the <span data-term-id=\"59243198\">U.S. Department of Education<\/span> (DOE). It applies to most public and private schools at all levels. The law prohibits\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/gender-sex-discrimination-basics.html\">sex-based discrimination<\/a>\u00a0in education programs, including sports.<\/p>\n<p>Whether <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> protection extends to transgender students has varied with presidential administrations and court interpretations.<\/p>\n<p>In 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/17-1618.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Bostock v. Clayton County<\/em><\/a> that <span data-term-id=\"59243196\">sex discrimination<\/span> under Title VII (which applies to employment) includes discrimination based on sexual orientation and <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>. The Biden administration argued this reasoning should also apply to <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The DOE issued regulations in 2024 extending <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span> protections to transgender students. However, a federal court judge struck down these regulations in January 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Following the decision in <em><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span>.<\/em>, <span data-term-id=\"59243181\">Title IX<\/span>&#8216;s broader application to transgender students outside of sports remains subject to ongoing legal challenges and varying interpretations. Student-athletes facing discrimination should consult with an attorney about their specific situation and jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<h3>The Fourteenth Amendment<\/h3>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment14.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fourteenth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0to the Constitution protects fundamental rights. And its <span data-term-id=\"59243185\">equal protection clause<\/span> requires equal treatment of people under the law.<\/p>\n<p>Several federal courts have ruled in favor of <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> using Fourteenth Amendment arguments <strong>prior to the Supreme Court&#8217;s 2026 decision<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/6072672\/andraya-yearwood-changing-the-game\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andraya Yearwood<\/a> attended public high school in Connecticut. She was a transgender girl competing on the girls\u2019 track team. The state association\u2019s policy permitted trans athletes to compete on teams matching their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>, so they let Yearwood compete.<\/p>\n<p>Still, Yearwood faced legal challenges from others. They claimed the policy violated their Fourteenth Amendment rights.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-2nd-circuit\/2099115.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal appellate court disagreed<\/a>. In 2022, it ruled that the policy was consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment. However, it\u2019s important to keep in mind that this decision came before the Supreme Court\u2019s ruling in <em><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span>.<\/em> (discussed above). Legal challenges to restrictive state laws based on equal protection arguments now face a much higher bar.<\/p>\n<h3>State Law<\/h3>\n<p>State laws on <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> vary significantly. Some states have enacted restrictions, while others allow schools or athletic associations to set their own policies. The Supreme Court&#8217;s decision in <em><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span>.<\/em> affirmed that states can restrict transgender women and girls from competing on women&#8217;s and girls&#8217; sports teams.<\/p>\n<p>As of July 2026, <strong>27 states<\/strong> have enacted laws restricting transgender women and girls from participating on women&#8217;s and girls&#8217; sports teams. These laws typically:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Define eligibility based on <span data-term-id=\"59243183\">sex assigned at birth<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Require verification of sex through birth certificates or other documentation<\/li>\n<li>Apply to public schools and sometimes public colleges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, Idaho&#8217;s 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/id\/title-33-education\/id-st-sect-33-6202\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u><span data-term-id=\"59243208\">Fairness in Women&#8217;s Sports Act<\/span><\/u><\/a> restricts participation on female sports teams at public schools and colleges to those assigned female at birth.<\/p>\n<p>West Virginia&#8217;s <span data-term-id=\"59243207\">Save Women&#8217;s Sports Act<\/span>, the law at issue in <em><span data-term-id=\"59243209\">West Virginia v. B.P.J<\/span>.<\/em>, restricts participation in women&#8217;s sports to those assigned female at birth. The law states that only &#8220;biological females&#8221; can participate in women&#8217;s sports at all public interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, or club sports teams at the secondary or postsecondary level. That law was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p>Other states have taken the opposite approach. For example, California&#8217;s 2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1266\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">School Success and Opportunity Act<\/a> allows transgender student athletes to participate in sports and use facilities consistent with their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>. The law applies to K-12 public schools in the state.<\/p>\n<h2>Sports Associations<\/h2>\n<p>Several sports associations set rules and guidelines for trans athlete participation in member college and high school sports.<\/p>\n<h3><span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"59243189\">National Collegiate Athletic Association<\/span> (<span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span>) is a nonprofit organization that governs student-athletes from member colleges and universities. Over 1,100 public and private schools are in the <span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sports\/2022\/1\/27\/transgender-participation-policy.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated its policy<\/a> addressing transgender student-athletes in February 2025. This policy states:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Any athlete, regardless of <span data-term-id=\"59243183\">sex assigned at birth<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>, may compete on <span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span> men&#8217;s teams<\/li>\n<li>Athletes assigned male at birth cannot compete on <span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span> women&#8217;s teams<\/li>\n<li>Athletes assigned female at birth who use testosterone as part of gender-affirming <span data-term-id=\"59243184\">hormone therapy<\/span> cannot compete on <span data-term-id=\"59243179\">NCAA<\/span> women&#8217;s teams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Further, the policy states that athletes assigned male at birth cannot compete on women\u2019s teams, even with an amended birth certificate or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/how-to-change-your-legal-name-and-gender-marker.html\">other forms of ID<\/a>. They also are not eligible for women\u2019s scholarships.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>NAIA<\/h3>\n<p>The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) governs smaller college athletics. Its membership includes about 250 schools.<\/p>\n<p>The NAIA updated its policy on trans athletes in 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.naia.org\/transgender\/files\/TG_Policy_for_webpage_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The new policy<\/a>\u00a0states that only student-athletes whose \u201c<span data-term-id=\"59243194\">biological sex<\/span>\u201d is female may compete on female sports teams. Those who\u2019ve begun \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/masculinizing-hormone-therapy\/about\/pac-20385099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">masculinizing <span data-term-id=\"59243184\">hormone therapy<\/span><\/a>\u201d also may not compete on NAIA female sports teams. But, they can take part in workouts, practices, and team activities.<\/p>\n<h3>State Associations<\/h3>\n<p>State associations generally govern high school sports. Their membership includes public schools and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/education-options\/types-of-schools-private-and-parochial-school.html\">private<\/a>\u00a0ones that choose to join.<\/p>\n<p>State association policies can vary widely. Some allow <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athletes<\/span> to compete based on their <span data-term-id=\"59243177\">gender identity<\/span>. Others require participation based on the <span data-term-id=\"59243183\">sex assigned at birth<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>School Policies<\/h3>\n<p>Most school districts and schools also have their own policies addressing transgender student-athletes. They are often influenced by state laws and guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>As a general rule, schools have a legal obligation to follow their own policies.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does This Mean for <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">Transgender Athletes<\/span>?<\/h2>\n<p>Trans athletes should understand that the applicable rules are complex and evolving. The rules governing <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">transgender athlete<\/span> participation vary significantly depending on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Level of competition:<\/strong> K-12, college, professional, Olympic<\/li>\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> State laws differ for K-12 and public college athletes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sport:<\/strong> Different <span data-term-id=\"59243199\">sports governing bodies<\/span> have different policies<\/li>\n<li><strong>Category:<\/strong> Policies typically distinguish between male\/open categories and female categories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Even laws and policies supporting your athletic pursuits aren\u2019t always followed or enforced. And trans athletes often face\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/gay-and-lesbian-rights-sexual-orientation-discrimination.html\">discrimination and harassment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Addressing these challenges can be overwhelming.<\/p>\n<p>But you don\u2019t have to go it alone.<\/p>\n<p>Organizations like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.athleteally.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Athlete Ally<\/a>\u00a0offer support networks and advocacy tools to help you. You may also want to speak with someone confidentially about your specific situation. In that case, consider talking to a lawyer.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With <span data-term-id=\"59243178\">Transgender Athlete<\/span> Rules<\/h2>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights.html\">civil rights<\/a>\u00a0attorney well-versed in sports law can help you understand the legal landscape in which you\u2019re operating.<\/p>\n<p>Your best course of action may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pursuing action with or against your sport\u2019s NGB or league<\/li>\n<li>Filing complaints with government agencies and\/or schools<\/li>\n<li>Bringing a private cause of action in the courts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Figuring out how to proceed may seem daunting. But finding a compassionate advocate to assist doesn\u2019t have to be.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re a professional athlete, you\u2019ll want someone licensed in your state. But if you\u2019re a student, you\u2019ll want someone licensed in the state where your school\u2019s located.<\/p>\n<p>Either way,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw\u2019s directory of civil rights attorneys<\/a>\u00a0can get you started. Just click on your state to view contact information for several local attorneys who can help.<\/p>\n<p>Remember: Your rights are important. A trusted advisor can help you understand and assert them with confidence.Further<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path 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class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin\">\n                                    <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/state-laws-on-gender-affirming-care.html\">\n                        State Laws on Gender-Affirming Care\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/transgender-people-and-bathroom-access-laws.html\">\n                        Transgender People and Bathroom Laws\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/discrimination-against-lgbtq-students.html\">\n                        Discrimination Against LGBTQ+ Student\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laws for transgender athletes vary by sport and level. Learn about the Supreme Court&#8217;s 2026 ruling, NCAA and IOC policies, and professional sports rules.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":354790,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":["External Links","Alt Text for All Images","Category Assigned"]},"categories":[2750],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-354799","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-lgbtq-law"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=354799"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":412846,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354799\/revisions\/412846"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=354799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=354799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=354799"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=354799"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=354799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}