{"id":354803,"date":"2023-06-20T07:17:05","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T12:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/advance-planning-advocacy-tools-and-estate-planning-basics-for-l.html"},"modified":"2026-05-21T15:48:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T20:48:00","slug":"advance-planning-advocacy-tools-and-estate-planning-basics-for-l","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/advance-planning-advocacy-tools-and-estate-planning-basics-for-l.html","title":{"rendered":"Advance Planning Tools and Estate Planning Basics for LGBTQ+ Older Adults"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Advance Planning Tools and Estate Planning Basics for LGBTQ+ Older Adults<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">Isobel Healy, J.D., M.P.H.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/bridget-molitor-jd\/\">Bridget Molitor, JD<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            May 21, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>A comprehensive estate plan helps LGBTQ+ older adults ensure their medical, financial, and end\u2011of\u2011life wishes are honored. This is especially important when partners or chosen family lack automatic legal authority through legal marriage. If you don\u2019t have a plan in place, state law will decide who gets to make decisions on your behalf, and who gets your property.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Aging without a plan leaves too much power in the hands of people who may not understand\u2014or respect\u2014your relationships. Taking a few proactive steps now can be the difference between having your wishes honored and having them superseded by default laws.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Part one<\/strong> of this article provides an overview of various advance planning tools available to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ <span data-term-id=\"58826110\">older adults<\/span><\/a> (OA) and their <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregivers<\/span>, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"58826111\">Health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directives<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"58826120\">Durable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">powers of attorney<\/span><\/li>\n<li>HIPAA waivers<\/li>\n<li>Representative payees<\/li>\n<li>Visitation directives<\/li>\n<li>Provisions for guardianship<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Putting these tools in place ensures that\u00a0your <span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> and financial wishes will be followed\u00a0if you are incapacitated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Part two<\/strong> of this article provides a brief overview of common <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span><\/a> tools, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wills<\/li>\n<li>Trusts<\/li>\n<li>Joint tenancy with right of survivorship<\/li>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"58826106\">Bank account<\/span> <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Life insurance and retirement <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Funeral directives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An effective <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span> creates a clear picture of how your property and assets will be distributed after you die. It helps reduce confusion for people who may be involved in your care or estate later. Having your preferences documented simply makes it easier for others to follow them accurately and with less stress and confusion.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning.html\">DIY <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span><\/a> is possible for some straightforward situations. But for more complex estates or unique family structures, getting help from a lawyer is best. Contact an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/estate-planning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"58826105\">estate planning<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826105\"> attorney<\/span><\/a> near you for help creating a solid <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span> that protects your wishes and your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>I. Advance Planning Advocacy Tools for <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ <span data-term-id=\"58826110\">Older Adults<\/span>\u00a0and Their <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">Caregivers<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Outside of the legal\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/marriage\/same-sex-marriage-a-historical-introduction.html\">rights afforded by marriage<\/a>, relationships with <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregivers<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> are legally precarious. Without the right advance planning tools in place, the law views anyone other than your next of kin as a \u201clegal stranger.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Even if you do have positive relationships with your legal or <span data-term-id=\"58826134\">biological <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\">family<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\"> members<\/span>, if you have a medical emergency and are suddenly unable to communicate, your preferences for your finances, living arrangements,\u00a0and medical treatment (including who should and should not provide long-term assistance and care) may not be honored.\u00a0However, several legal tools\u00a0exist to ensure that hospitals, <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> facilities, and other places will\u00a0respect\u00a0and carry out your wishes.<\/p>\n<p>The law requires\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/living-will\/duty-to-follow-health-care-directives.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> providers to respect advance planning documents<\/a>\u00a0when they are properly executed, including those presented by unmarried <span data-term-id=\"58826116\">same-sex couples<\/span>. Having all documents prepared in advance of a medical emergency is particularly important if you are\u00a0unmarried, without children, and rely on your family of choice for assistance.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Even if you are legally married, you should take advantage of all available planning tools to preserve your autonomy, preferences for <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span>, and ability to age in place and with dignity. If you are an <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregiver<\/span> for an <span data-term-id=\"58826110\">older adult<\/span>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/power-of-attorney\/loved-one-make-power-of-attorney.html\">there are\u00a0resources<\/a>\u00a0for how to talk to your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span> about planning for emergencies.<\/p>\n<h3><span data-term-id=\"58826111\">Health Care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> Directive<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/living-will.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health\u00a0care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"58826112\">living will<\/span><\/a>, also called an\u00a0\u201c<span data-term-id=\"58826130\">advance directive<\/span>,&#8221;\u00a0is a <span data-term-id=\"58826109\">legal document<\/span> (or multiple documents)\u00a0that specifies a person\u2019s medical treatment\u00a0preferences, including life-sustaining measures like when to allow blood transfusions or continue life support.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health\u00a0care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"58826112\">living will<\/span>\u00a0notifies providers, <span data-term-id=\"58826100\">family members<\/span>, and <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregivers<\/span> what life-saving medical treatment you want (and don\u2019t want). Providing everyone advanced notice of your wishes helps avoid uncertainty and disputes among your family, friends, and <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregivers<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0basic form requirements for <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directives<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/living-will\/living-wills-state-laws.html\">vary by state<\/a>, and many hospitals keep <span data-term-id=\"58826112\">living will<\/span> forms on hand for patients to fill out. Whenever possible, create your <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> while you are healthy, so it is available in the event of an unforeseen illness or medical emergency. Additionally, consider adding instructions covering your preferences for\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826107\">end-of-life<\/span>\u00a0and funeral arrangements so they are readily accessible to your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span> after your death.<\/p>\n<h3><span data-term-id=\"58826120\">Durable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">Power of Attorney<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"58826120\">Durable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">Power of Attorney<\/span> (POA) is a <span data-term-id=\"58826109\">legal document<\/span> where you empower another person (or persons) to make\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/living-together\/unmarried-partners-medical-directives-and-the-durable-power-of.html\">medical and\/or <span data-term-id=\"58826128\">financial decisions<\/span><\/a>\u00a0on your behalf. The person granting decision-making power (you) is the \u201cprincipal.\u201d The person(s) empowered to make decisions for you is the agent, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/estate-planning-basics.html\">attorney-in-fact<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>You may either create one durable POA covering both medical and <span data-term-id=\"58826128\">financial decisions<\/span> or create separate durable POAs for each role. As principal, you are free to change or revoke a durable POA at any time before a court declares you legally incapacitated.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Basic form requirements for POAs vary by state. If you live in a state that has\u00a0adopted the Uniform <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">Probate<\/span> Code, you may also use your durable POA to designate the person(s) whom you wish to serve as your guardian should you be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/guardianship\/guardianship-of-incapacitated-or-disabled-persons.html\">declared incapacitated<\/a> by a court.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Durable Medical <span data-term-id=\"58826094\">Power of Attorney<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A durable medical POA, also known as a <span data-term-id=\"58826113\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826113\"> proxy<\/span>, empowers your agent to make <span data-term-id=\"58826098\">medical decisions<\/span> on your behalf beyond what is covered in a <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span>.\u00a0A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/living-will\/healthcare-power-of-attorney.html\">medical POA<\/a>\u00a0grants your agent the ability to make <span data-term-id=\"58826098\">medical decisions<\/span> for you\u00a0when you cannot communicate in the event of a medical emergency or if you are otherwise incapacitated. A medical POA typically allows your agent to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Admit or discharge you from a hospital or <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> facility<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/unauthorized-treatment-and-lack-of-informed-consent.html\">Consent or withdraw consent<\/a>\u00a0to treatment, including medications and surgery<\/li>\n<li>Speak directly with your doctors and other <span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> providers<\/li>\n<li>Access your medical records<\/li>\n<li>Enforce your <span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> wishes in court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Before you designate someone as your agent under a medical POA, it is important to have an open conversation with that person about your medical treatment preferences, especially regarding life-saving procedures and <span data-term-id=\"58826107\">end-of-life<\/span> care. Select someone whom you can trust to honor your wishes. They will need to interact directly with your physicians and next of kin, who may disagree over the treatments and procedures you should or should not have.<\/p>\n<p>Without a medical POA, your physicians will only consult with next of kin on medical and <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> decisions. If you prefer that your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/living-together\/wills-and-durable-power-of-attorney-for-health-care.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span><\/a> or <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> enforce your preferences, only a valid durable medical POA or guardianship order will allow\u00a0them to do so.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Durable <span data-term-id=\"58826132\">Financial <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">Power of Attorney<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Similar to a durable medical POA,\u00a0a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/elder\/elder-care-law\/power-of-attorney-for-financial-matters.html\">durable financial\u00a0POA<\/a>\u00a0empowers your\u00a0agent to make <span data-term-id=\"58826128\">financial decisions<\/span> on your behalf\u00a0if you are incapacitated. You can tailor this type of POA to fit your unique financial circumstances. Generally, a durable financial POA allows your agent to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Access your <span data-term-id=\"58826106\">bank accounts<\/span> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/credit-cards.html\">credit cards<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pay your bills and taxes<\/li>\n<li>Manage and invest your money<\/li>\n<li>Collect your government benefits<\/li>\n<li>Purchase or cancel your insurance<\/li>\n<li>Buy, sell, and manage your property<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As with <span data-term-id=\"58826098\">medical decisions<\/span>, it is important to grant your durable financial POA to someone you trust and who you discuss your preferences with in advance.<\/p>\n<p>Without a valid durable financial POA, most states will only recognize married partners or next of kin; your <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> will have no legal say in your <span data-term-id=\"58826119\">financial matters<\/span>. If you want your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/living-together\/unmarried-partners-medical-directives-and-the-durable-power-of.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> to have a say<\/a>\u00a0in your <span data-term-id=\"58826128\">financial decisions<\/span>, you must say so in writing.<\/p>\n<p>While\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/estate-planning\/estate-planning-for-same-sex-couples-after-the-respect-for-marriage-act\/\">married partners generally have a say in certain transactions<\/a>, many banks will require your spouse\u00a0to\u00a0be either a joint account holder or have prior authorization on record to access your accounts, even with a valid durable financial POA. It is important to take the extra step of contacting your banking institution(s) to determine whether there are any additional forms or requirements for your agent to access your accounts.<\/p>\n<h3>HIPAA Waiver<\/h3>\n<p>Even with a <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> and durable medical POA in place,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/medical-records-release-form.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> providers and insurers are required by law<\/a> to keep your medical records and health information strictly confidential. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), your\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span>\u00a0provider\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lambdalegal.org\/sites\/default\/files\/final_pp_ttp-2014-02_protecting-your-health-care-wishes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may require you to sign a medical records release form<\/a>, often referred to as a \u201cHIPAA Waiver,&#8221; which relieves your providers from liability after they release your confidential medical records and health information to your agent.<\/p>\n<h3>Visitation Directive<\/h3>\n<p>Federal law explicitly provides that hospitals and <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> facilities must recognize your right to designate your same-sex spouse or partner, <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\">family<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\"> member<\/span>, friend,\u00a0or <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregiver<\/span> for visitation, as well as your right to withdraw or deny that designation at any time. This law applies to all <span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> facilities that receive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/elder\/elder-care-law\/medicare-vs-medicaid.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826117\">Medicaid<\/span> or Medicare<\/a> funding (most medical facilities in the United States).<\/p>\n<p>A visitation directive is a document that tells your <span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> providers who is and who is not allowed to visit you at the hospital or <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> facility.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Federal law\u00a0requires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/patient-rights\/planning-long-term-care.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> facilities<\/a> to respect a patient\u2019s desires regarding who may visit and may not deny or limit visitation based on <span data-term-id=\"58826151\">sexual orientation<\/span> or gender identity\u00a0(SOGI). Still, many <span data-term-id=\"58826093\">healthcare<\/span> providers and staff have yet to receive accurate information on this legal obligation or cultural competence training on <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ affirmation and inclusivity.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In addition to your <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">healthcare<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> and durable medical POA, a visitation directive is supported by federal law and will increase the likelihood that your choices will be honored.<\/p>\n<h3>Advance Designation of Representative Payee<\/h3>\n<p>If you plan to apply for or already receive monthly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/lgbtq-older-adults-access-to-public-benefits.html\">Social Security benefits<\/a>, including retirement, disability, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or Special Veterans\u2019 Benefits, you can designate a\u00a0representative payee\u00a0to manage your benefits in the event you become unable to do so.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Note that an advance designation is not the same as appointing a <span data-term-id=\"58826094\">power of attorney<\/span>. If you have already created a durable financial POA and want to designate your Agent as a representative payee for your Social Security benefits, you must do so separately by providing their name and contact information to Social Security directly, either in your initial application for benefits, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/myaccount\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">your account online<\/a>, or by calling your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/locator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">local office<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>The Guardianship Option<\/h2>\n<p>Before the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/marriage\/same-sex-marriage-understanding-obergefell-v-hodges.html\">legalization of <span data-term-id=\"58826123\">same sex-marriage<\/span> in 2015<\/a>, some <span data-term-id=\"58826116\">same-sex couples<\/span> resorted to the option of\u00a0guardianship, a legal arrangement in which a court grants a person (called the guardian) the legal right and duty to care for an individual who has become incapacitated (called the ward).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lgbtqbar.org\/assets\/InREGuardianshipofKowalskiAmicusBrief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>In Re: Guardianship of Kowalsk<\/em>i<\/a>\u00a0(1991)\u00a0serves as a historical reminder of the hardship and indignities endured by <span data-term-id=\"58826116\">same-sex couples<\/span> before the\u00a0federal recognition of <span data-term-id=\"58826123\">same-sex marriage<\/span>. In 1983, a serious car accident left Sharon Kowalski paralyzed with a severe brain injury. At the time, Sharon shared her home with her partner of four years, Karen Thompson.<\/p>\n<p>However, Sharon\u2019s parents were not aware of their relationship. Sharon\u2019s father was awarded guardianship and terminated Karen\u2019s visitation. After a long legal fight, the Court of Appeals for Minnesota reversed and granted Karen guardianship of her partner.<\/p>\n<p>While\u00a0<em>Kowalski<\/em>\u00a0could be dismissed as outdated due to federal recognition of <span data-term-id=\"58826123\">same-sex marriage<\/span>, it holds relevance for <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ OA who are partnered outside of marriage, widowed, or single. In the absence of a <span data-term-id=\"58826120\">durable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">power of attorney<\/span> or guardianship,\u00a0the law still favors an individual\u2019s next of kin\u00a0over their <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span> or\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Where no next of kin is available or willing to serve, the State assumes responsibility for <span data-term-id=\"58826110\">older adults<\/span> in need of care. It does this by appointing a public guardian or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/estate-planning-basics.html\">fiduciary<\/a> because the <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> is considered \u201clegal strangers&#8221; in spite of the closeness or length of their relationship to the individual.<\/p>\n<p>Outside the 16 states that have adopted the\u00a0Uniform <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">Probate<\/span> Code, guardianship laws vary by state. Generally, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/probate\/probate-courts-laws.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> court<\/a> determines whether a proposed guardianship is in the best interests of the ward, taking the ward\u2019s preferences into account whenever possible, as in\u00a0<em>Kowalski<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/elder\/elder-care-law\/elderly-guardianship-basics.html\">duties of guardianship<\/a> cover a wide range of long-term decisions beyond those typically covered by the <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">healthcare<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"58826120\">durable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">power of attorney<\/span>, most notably long-term living arrangements and <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregiving<\/span>. <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ OA, regardless of whether they are married or single, have the option to\u00a0choose a guardian for themselves\u00a0if they anticipate a period of <span data-term-id=\"58826127\">incapacity<\/span> at any point in their life, such as after a serious diagnosis like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/lgbtq-living-with-alzheimer-s.html\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/a>, Parkinson\u2019s,\u00a0or Multiple Sclerosis.<\/p>\n<h3>What If My Wishes Are Not Respected?<\/h3>\n<p>Specific laws concerning <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">healthcare<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directives<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"58826120\">durable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826094\">powers of attorney<\/span>, and guardianship vary from state to state. You can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning\/estate-planning-package.html?fli=diyresources:diy_ep:cta\">create your own<\/a>\u00a0by downloading forms particular to your state, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/estate-planning\/fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact a qualified attorney<\/a>\u00a0for <span data-term-id=\"58826148\">legal advice<\/span> and services focused on <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span> for <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ OA.<\/p>\n<h2>II. <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">Estate Planning<\/span> for <span data-term-id=\"58826095\">LGBTQ<\/span>+ <span data-term-id=\"58826110\">Older Adults<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When it comes to <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span>, deep-rooted legal preferences for next of kin (including distant relatives) over <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partners<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> remain the norm.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/estate-planning-basics.html\">Your <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span><\/a> is your legal voice, providing instructions for the future.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>To avoid creating an <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span> is to remain silent on future security for your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span>. The major consequence of avoiding creating an <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span> is that when you can no longer speak for yourself, others will speak for you, including next of kin who may not honor your choices and relationships.<\/p>\n<p>To ensure that your voice is heard and that your property goes to the person(s) or organization(s) of your choice, create a valid <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/wills\/wills-an-overview.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826136\">last will and testament<\/span><\/a>. Setting up a trust is another way to ensure your property is distributed according to your wishes.<\/p>\n<h3>Intestate Succession<\/h3>\n<p>If you die without a valid will in place, the law provides that you die\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/die-without-estate-plan.html\">intestate<\/a>, which means your property automatically passes to your next of kin \u2013 blood relatives who have an automatic right to inherit according to <span data-term-id=\"58826122\">state law<\/span> (with some exceptions, generally the state where you lived at the time of your death).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>All of your property, both real and personal, becomes part of your estate after you die. The legal process of dividing your estate is called <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span>. Each <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> court follows\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/intestate-succession-laws-by-state.html\">specific state <span data-term-id=\"58826147\">intestacy laws<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to distribute your property to your closest living relatives.<\/p>\n<p>If you are legally married but die without an <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span>, your spouse will only be protected as far as your state\u2019s intestacy (and sometimes, community property) laws will allow. That means a portion of your property may pass to relatives who you have had little to no contact with for years and\u00a0may disapprove of your <span data-term-id=\"58826151\">sexual orientation<\/span> and\/or gender identity.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of whether you are legally married, consider creating a simple will or a trust to provide some security to your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span> after your death. Other <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span> tools discussed in this section include joint tenancy with right of survivorship, account <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policy<\/span>(ies), retirement plan(s), and funeral directives.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"58826136\">Last Will and Testament<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Your <span data-term-id=\"58826136\">last will and testament<\/span> (will) is your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/last-will-and-testament\/making-a-will.html\">central <span data-term-id=\"58826103\">estate planning<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826103\"> document<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in which you designate how your property should be distributed after you die. Your \u201cproperty&#8221; includes all assets you possess at death, including <span data-term-id=\"58826137\">real estate<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"58826106\">bank accounts<\/span>, cash, pets, and personal possessions like clothing, vehicles, books, jewelry, and other collections.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As the person making the will, you are called the testator. The people or organizations you designate to receive your property are called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/what-is-a-beneficiary.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span><\/a>. You will also name an executor, sometimes called an administrator or personal representative, to manage your estate and distribute its property according to your instructions. Your executor is typically responsible for making your\u00a0funeral arrangements\u00a0unless you specify otherwise.<\/p>\n<p>Generally, all of your property that is\u00a0not in trust\u00a0becomes part of your estate after you die. The legal process of dividing your estate is called <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span>. Before your executor can distribute property to your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>, they must first\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/estate-administration\/paying-the-debts-of-a-deceased-relative-who-is-responsible.html\">settle your debts<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0pay <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> fees\u00a0and <span data-term-id=\"58826102\">estate taxes<\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/what-do-estate-planning-lawyers-do-.html\">Consult an attorney<\/a>\u00a0or create your own <span data-term-id=\"58826136\">last will and testament<\/span> with these\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/estate-planning\/last-will-and-testament-form.html\">state-specific forms<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Changing and Revoking Your Will<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/last-will-and-testament\/changing-a-will.html\">Keep your will up to date<\/a>, particularly after any major life changes, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Marriage or divorce<\/li>\n<li>Starting\/ending a relationship<\/li>\n<li>Moving to another state<\/li>\n<li>The birth of a child or grandchild<\/li>\n<li>A shift in financial circumstances<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Codicils<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you want only small changes to your will, one way to adjust it is to amend it with a document called a codicil. A codicil is a separate <span data-term-id=\"58826109\">legal document<\/span> comprising changes to your existing will. You can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/last-will-and-testament\/changing-a-will.html\">create a codicil<\/a>\u00a0to add a new provision, revoke (remove) a provision, or both. Just like your existing will, your codicil must be dated, signed, witnessed, and, in some states, notarized to be valid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Revocation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The surest way to change your current will is to\u00a0revoke\u00a0it and draft a new one.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/wills\/how-to-revoke-a-will.html\">Revoking an existing will<\/a>\u00a0is a relatively straightforward process \u2014 just include a statement in your new will declaring that you revoke all earlier wills and codicils. You should destroy all previous wills (as well as copies) to avoid challenges and conflict between your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Get Professional Legal Help Revoking Your Will<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An incorrect revocation or modification of your will could lead to disastrous consequences, resulting in confusion about your intentions, conflict between <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> and next of kin, and even litigation that unfolds for years after your death. A licensed attorney can best advise you on the proper ways to change or revoke your will and make sure your intentions are clear. Contact a local\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/wills\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wills attorney<\/a>\u00a0who can confidently guide you with your <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span> questions.<\/p>\n<h2>Trusts<\/h2>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/trusts\/types-of-trusts.html\">trust<\/a>\u00a0is an <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span> tool in which you can place your property and assets out of reach of the <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> process, as well as minimize the <span data-term-id=\"58826102\">estate tax<\/span> burden on your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>. Your trust may serve as a total replacement for a traditional will; it may also be created through your will (called a testamentary trust). You can also create what\u2019s called a <span data-term-id=\"58826099\">living trust<\/span> (also known as inter vivos trust) that you manage while you are living.<\/p>\n<p>There are many\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/trusts\/types-of-trusts.html\">different types of trusts<\/a>, even ones exclusively for pets. Many people consider their pets to be part of the family. Setting up a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/trusts\/pet-trust.html\">pet trust<\/a> will allocate specific finances to support your pet(s) and their needs after you can no longer do so.<\/p>\n<p>The person creating the trust (you) is called the grantor (also called trustor or settlor). As the grantor, you will designate a trustee to manage the trust and distribute its property. The person or organization receiving property through the trust is called the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/what-is-a-beneficiary.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span><\/a>. Depending on the type of trust you choose, those roles may overlap.<\/p>\n<p>Property held in trust will avoid the <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> process, so your assets will be distributed immediately. If you want to lower the burden of <span data-term-id=\"58826102\">estate taxes<\/span> on your partner and\/or <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>, it is well worth reaching out to an attorney to discuss creating a trust.<\/p>\n<h3>Revocable vs.\u00a0Irrevocable Trusts<\/h3>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/trusts\/living-trust-information.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826115\">revocable <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826099\">living trust<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is a trust created during your lifetime (inter vivos). As the grantor, you could also act as a trustee to either modify or revoke the trust in its entirety whenever you choose.<\/p>\n<p>An\u00a0irrevocable trust\u00a0can be created either\u00a0during your lifetime\u00a0or after your death (testamentary). In both scenarios, once your property is deposited into an irrevocable trust, the property remains in the trust and cannot be removed by the grantor (you). You would not act as the trustee in this scenario, but choose a third party, like an attorney, financial professional, or organization, to manage the trust.<\/p>\n<h3>Qualified Income Trust<\/h3>\n<p>Part of a <span data-term-id=\"58826121\">comprehensive <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span> includes making provisions for how\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/elder\/elder-care-law\/what-is-ltc-.html\">your <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span><\/a>\u00a0will be paid for. A qualified income trust (QIT) is one way to ensure that your <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> needs are covered as your age-related medical needs increase, provides an alternative to purchasing a private\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span>\u00a0insurance plan (PLIT) with a costly premium, and helps you maintain your quality of life.<\/p>\n<p>Many people do not realize that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/medicare-medicaid\/medicare-faqs.html\">Medicare A, B, and C plans<\/a> do not cover <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> costs. In the absence of a QIT or PLIT, many <span data-term-id=\"58826110\">older adults<\/span> rely solely on <span data-term-id=\"58826117\">Medicaid<\/span> to cover their <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> needs. Since <span data-term-id=\"58826117\">Medicaid<\/span> is an income-based program, people are required to \u201cspend down&#8221; their assets (not in trust) to qualify for coverage, leading to impoverishment and lower quality of life.<\/p>\n<p>QITs go by many names, depending on the state you live in (e.g., Miller Trusts, Income Trusts, db4 Trusts). Essentially, a QIT is an irrevocable trust that holds the income of a <span data-term-id=\"58826117\">Medicaid<\/span> applicant. If you deposit your monthly income (e.g, retirement, pension, dividends) into a QIT, then income exceeding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/medicare-medicaid\/the-difference-between-medicare-and-medicaid.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826117\">Medicaid<\/span>\u2019s strict limit<\/a> is not counted towards your <span data-term-id=\"58826146\">eligibility<\/span>. This makes it possible to qualify for <span data-term-id=\"58826117\">Medicaid<\/span> to cover your <span data-term-id=\"58826126\">long-term care<\/span> expenses.<\/p>\n<h2>Joint Tenancy With Right of Survivorship<\/h2>\n<p>Joint tenancy takes place when two or more persons \u201chold title to the same asset,&#8221; or own a property together, such as a family home.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/buying-a-home\/joint-tenancy-faq.html\">Joint tenancy with right of survivorship<\/a>\u00a0is a recorded legal agreement that if one property owner dies, their title passes directly to the surviving property owner(s) by operation of law. The surviving title holder(s) assume equal shares of ownership over the deceased owner\u2019s portion of the property. Joint tenancy with right of survivorship is a type of property ownership that will not be affected by your will or trust.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s say you own the home that you live in with your <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span>, Jacob, and your old friend Sam, who is your <span data-term-id=\"58826129\">caregiver<\/span> along with Jacob. You have been diagnosed with a terminal illness and want to ensure that Jacob and Sam have uninterrupted ownership rights to your home after you pass away. In addition, you want to minimize any potential unpleasant interactions between Jacob, Sam, and certain blood relatives of yours.<\/p>\n<p>You, Jacob,\u00a0and Sam can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">work with an attorney<\/a>\u00a0to develop a joint tenancy agreement for the home you share. Once the deed, title,\u00a0and other legally binding property ownership documents are updated, filed,\u00a0and recorded, the three of you will own equal shares of the property from that day forward. In the event that you pass away from your illness, Jacob and Sam shall automatically assume equal shares of ownership over the portion you leave behind. Your home may also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/probate\/avoiding-probate.html\">escape the\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> process<\/a>, minimizing the chance of stressful encounters between Jacob, Sam, and your blood relatives.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"58826106\">Bank Account<\/span> <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">Beneficiaries<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One way to keep your <span data-term-id=\"58826106\">bank account<\/span>(s) out of the <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span> process is to name one or more <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> on your accounts. Most banks allow customers to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/probate\/bank-account-beneficiary-rules.html\">designate an account <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span><\/a>\u00a0as a free service\u00a0and will provide forms for you to sign. You can name an <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\">family<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\"> member<\/span>, friend, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/tax\/federal-taxes\/charitable-contributions.html\">IRS-recognized charity<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Once you designate your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span>, your account converts into a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/payable-on-death-beneficiary-for-accounts.html\">payable on death (POD) account<\/a>.\u00a0A POD account allows <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> to quickly claim ownership of your account after your death instead of waiting for <span data-term-id=\"58826097\">probate<\/span>, which sometimes takes months or years to complete.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Check with an attorney to find out if your <span data-term-id=\"58826122\">state law<\/span> requires a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/probate\/bank-account-beneficiary-rules.html\">brief waiting period for <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to access your POD account and whether your creditors (if any) will be given priority to access the funds before your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> do.<\/p>\n<h2>Life Insurance<\/h2>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/insurance\/life-insurance.html\"><span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policy<\/span><\/a> allows you to pay a monthly premium in exchange for a lump sum payout to a designated\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span>\u00a0when you die. Remember that your life insurance payout will\u00a0<em>always<\/em>\u00a0go to the <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span> (or <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>) named in the <span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policy<\/span> itself. This is true even if the policy document differs from the instructions in your will.<\/p>\n<p>Before purchasing life insurance, check which types of <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> the policy allows. Most policies use\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/what-is-a-beneficiary.html\">revocable <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span><\/a>. That means that you, the policyholder, can change your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> or cancel the policy entirely at any time. The ability to update your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> is particularly important when life circumstances change, like after a separation, divorce, or birth of a child or grandchild.<\/p>\n<p>The rules for <span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policies<\/span> with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/forms\/resources\/estate-planning\/what-is-a-beneficiary.html\">irrevocable <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span><\/a>\u00a0are much stricter regarding change-of-life circumstances. When someone is listed as your irrevocable <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span>, you cannot remove them from the policy without their written consent. Additionally, any contingent or secondary <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> listed must also agree to the change.<\/p>\n<p>By default, an irrevocable <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span> is guaranteed to receive your life insurance proceeds unless they agree to be removed. Think carefully before adding an irrevocable <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span> to your <span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policy<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Lastly, life insurance proceeds are not taxed because they are not regarded as income. However, even though your <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> will not pay income tax directly, the proceeds will be added to the taxable value of your estate, which may affect how the remainder of your property is distributed. There are ways to avoid this outcome, such as creating an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/10-ways-to-reduce-estate-taxes.html\">irrevocable life insurance trust<\/a>.\u00a0Property distributed through a trust is not subject to <span data-term-id=\"58826102\">estate taxes<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Retirement Accounts<\/h2>\n<p>Most retirement accounts allow you to name one or more <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>, including <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partners<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\">family<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\"> members<\/span>, to receive your retirement funds if you pass away. As with <span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policies<\/span>, the <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> listed in your retirement account(s) will always have priority over the <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> named in your will. Whether you have a\u00a0qualified\u00a0(employer-created, tax-deferred) plan like a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/socialsecurity\/retirement-planning\/how-to-plan-for-retirement-faq.html\">401(k)<\/a> or an individual retirement account (<span data-term-id=\"58826143\">IRA<\/span>) (also tax-deferred), make sure the named <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> on those accounts match the instructions in your will to avoid unnecessary conflict.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike insurance policy <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span>, all non-spouse <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiaries<\/span> listed in your 401(k), <span data-term-id=\"58826143\">IRA<\/span>, or other tax-deferred retirement plan must count the proceeds they receive as part of their taxable income. With that in mind, ask whether it makes sense to list an <span data-term-id=\"58826139\">unmarried partner<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\">family<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826100\"> member<\/span> as your retirement account <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The law requires\u00a0non-spouses who inherit qualified retirement accounts\u00a0to take distributions equal to the entire account value within 10 years, which, from an income tax perspective, may not make financial sense for your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand,\u00a0if you choose your spouse as the <span data-term-id=\"58826101\">beneficiary<\/span>\u00a0of your qualified or tax-deferred retirement plan, they may be able to \u201croll&#8221; their new retirement plan \u201cinheritance&#8221; into their own existing retirement account, deferring all taxes until they are ready to use the funds themselves.<\/p>\n<p>If you are unsure of the best way forward, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/hiring-an-attorney-in-the-lgbtq-community.html\">seek advice from an attorney<\/a> or financial adviser.<\/p>\n<h2>Funeral Directives<\/h2>\n<p>A funeral directive is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/estate\/planning-an-estate\/funeral-planning-guide-faq.html\">written instruction<\/a>\u00a0stating your preferences for <span data-term-id=\"58826107\">end-of-life<\/span> and funeral arrangements, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/can-your-next-of-kin-deny-your-organ-donation-request\/\">Organ donation<\/a> preference<\/li>\n<li>How your body should be cared for and laid to rest (burial, embalming, cremation)<\/li>\n<li>If buried or embalmed, where your remains will be interred (in-ground, above-ground, mausoleum, natural burial)<\/li>\n<li>If cremated, where your ashes will be stored or spread<\/li>\n<li>Who will be in charge of funeral\/memorial arrangements<\/li>\n<li>Memorial service type and location<\/li>\n<li>Who will be directly informed of your death and invited to your funeral\/memorial<\/li>\n<li>How your obituary is written (e.g., acknowledges <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span>; gender affirming language)<\/li>\n<li>Language on your grave marker (e.g., tombstone, monument, or plaque)<\/li>\n<li>How arrangements will be paid for (e.g., <span data-term-id=\"58826149\">life insurance policy<\/span>, <span data-term-id=\"58826106\">bank account<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Your funeral directive may not be enforced unless it is incorporated within a valid <span data-term-id=\"58826109\">legal document<\/span>. Depending on the laws of your state, you can include <span data-term-id=\"58826107\">end-of-life<\/span> instructions in your <span data-term-id=\"58826111\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826111\"> directive<\/span> or your <span data-term-id=\"58826113\">health care<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826113\"> proxy<\/span>. Because your <span data-term-id=\"58826136\">last will and testament<\/span> might not be read until weeks following your death, it may not be an ideal document to incorporate your funeral directive.<\/p>\n<p>If you are legally married at the time of your death, then your spouse will stand ahead of your next of kin. If you are unmarried at death, then in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/the-importance-of-wills-for-non-traditional-families.html\">absence of a legally binding document<\/a>, the law favors next of kin to make <span data-term-id=\"58826107\">end-of-life<\/span> decisions and funeral arrangements. This will typically be your closest blood relative according to your <span data-term-id=\"58826122\">state\u2019s laws<\/span> of\u00a0intestate succession.\u00a0This might be\u00a0someone you have not been in contact with for years, who may disapprove of your sexual or gender identity and thus disregard any romantic partners or <span data-term-id=\"58826118\">chosen family<\/span> in their decision-making.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help Creating a <span data-term-id=\"58826121\">Comprehensive <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826092\">Estate Plan<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u200bOne of the most thoughtful things you can do for your <span data-term-id=\"58826096\">loved ones<\/span> is to create a <span data-term-id=\"58826121\">comprehensive <\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate plan<\/span>. But ensuring your\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"58826109\">legal documents<\/span>\u00a0are valid can be confusing.<\/p>\n<p>An <span data-term-id=\"58826092\">estate planning<\/span> lawyer can explain your available options. So, whether you need to create a will or set up a qualified income trust, it\u2019s best to get legal help. For the best outcome, seek out a lawyer who has experience with the legal issues that significantly impact the <span data-term-id=\"58826104\">LGBTQ<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826104\">+ community<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>FindLaw\u2019s directory of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/estate-planning\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"58826105\">estate planning<\/span><span data-term-id=\"58826105\"> attorneys<\/span><\/a> can get you started. Because <span data-term-id=\"58826122\">state laws<\/span> are relevant, your attorney should be licensed in your state. Enter your city or ZIP code for a list of qualified legal professionals in your area. Your search results will also show important details about prospective lawyers, including ratings and whether they offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div 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class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult.html\">\n                        LGBTQ+ Older Adult Law\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/the-importance-of-wills-for-non-traditional-families.html\">\n                        The Importance of Wills for Non-Traditional Families\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/laws-affecting-lgbtq-older-adults.html\">\n                        Laws Affecting LGBTQ+ Older Adults\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/lgbtq-older-adults-access-to-fair-housing.html\">\n                        Access to Fair Housing\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/lgbtq-older-adult\/lgbtq-older-adults-access-to-public-benefits.html\">\n                        Access to Public Benefits\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LGBTQ+ older adults have unique legal needs regarding estate planning. Learn what advance planning tools can help ensure your wishes are met at FindLaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":354802,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":["Alt Text for All Images","Category Assigned","External Links"]},"categories":[2750],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-354803","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-lgbtq-law"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=354803"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":400119,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354803\/revisions\/400119"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=354803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=354803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=354803"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=354803"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=354803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}