{"id":354818,"date":"2023-04-06T14:10:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T19:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/lgbtq-law\/what-to-do-if-you-re-lgbtq-and-face-microaggressions-in-the-wor.html"},"modified":"2026-06-02T09:02:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T14:02:00","slug":"what-to-do-if-you-re-lgbtq-and-face-microaggressions-in-the-wor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/what-to-do-if-you-re-lgbtq-and-face-microaggressions-in-the-wor.html","title":{"rendered":"LGBTQ+ Microaggressions and Discrimination in the Workplace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">LGBTQ+ Microaggressions and Discrimination in the Workplace<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 02, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Microaggressions are subtle, often unintentional, discriminatory comments or behaviors that stem from stereotypes about the LGBTQ+ community. These can range from misusing pronouns to asking invasive personal questions. In some cases, repeated microaggressions can contribute to a hostile work environment and might qualify as discrimination.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Microaggressions are negative comments that play on stereotypes about a group of people. The speaker may not intend the comments in a hostile manner. But the remarks can still have a serious impact on the hearer&#8217;s mental health. If not addressed, they can create a discriminatory and hostile work environment.<\/p>\n<p>Workplace microaggressions target all minorities. Although it has been 60 years since the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/african-americans\/vote\/selma-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">March on Selma<\/a>, many still define &#8220;average&#8221; as white, cisgender, heterosexual, and male. People of color, women, lesbians, gays, and transgender individuals still face overt and covert discrimination.<\/p>\n<p>This article reviews the legal options for LGBTQ+ people experiencing microaggressions and other forms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination.html\">discrimination in the workplace<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re living through microaggressions at work, you have options. Reaching out for support is not overreacting\u2014it\u2019s advocating for yourself in a system where you have rights. Contact an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorney<\/a> near you for help.<\/p>\n<h2><b>What Are Microaggressions?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Microaggressions\u00a0are comments or acts that stem from stereotypes or preconceptions. They tend to invalidate the other person&#8217;s experiences. Microaggressions are not always intentionally hurtful; in some cases, the speaker may be seeking information. However, unintentional microaggressions can be just as harmful as intentional ones.<\/p>\n<p>Those in the LGBTQ+ community <a href=\"https:\/\/leanin.org\/women-at-work\/lgbtq-respond-to-microaggressions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">often experience microaggressions at work<\/a>. Some examples of microaggressions toward LGBTQ+ people in the workplace include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asking new coworkers if they have husbands or wives. The assumption is that everyone is heterosexual.<\/li>\n<li>Asking someone in an openly queer relationship if they are the &#8220;man&#8221; or the &#8220;woman.&#8221; The assumption is that everyone follows traditional gender relationships.<\/li>\n<li>Misusing pronouns, deadnaming (using a transgender person&#8217;s pre-transition name), or refusing to acknowledge gender diversity. This invalidates the transgender person&#8217;s existence.<\/li>\n<li>Asking invasive personal questions about lifestyles, sex lives, surgeries, or bathroom habits. In general, people&#8217;s private lives are nobody else&#8217;s business.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Microaggressions can appear in different ways. Comments like &#8220;that&#8217;s so gay&#8221; might seem casual and irrelevant, but they are derogatory and hurtful for gay men and women. Requiring employees to follow gender-specific dress codes is harmless until it causes confusion and discomfort for nonbinary or transgender employees.<\/p>\n<p>Microaggressions are pinpricks. One or two may not harm someone, but a lifetime of them affects the <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12857717\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hearer&#8217;s well-being<\/a>. LGBTQ+ people suffer mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, at much higher rates than other groups.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Responding to Microaggressions in the Workplace<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re the recipient of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/discriminatory-practices.html\">microaggressive behavior<\/a>, only you can decide how to respond. There is no one &#8220;right&#8221; way to respond to a microaggression. The setting and situation dictate your best course of action. Your comfort level in confronting the speaker is also important. Below are a few ways you might respond:<\/p>\n<p><b>Ask for clarification.<\/b> If you&#8217;re unsure what the speaker meant or if they realize what they said, ask for a restatement. This lets them rethink what they said and understand they misspoke without an actual confrontation.<\/p>\n<p><b>Restate and explain.<\/b> If you think the comment was unintentional, you can restate it and explain that it was inappropriate. Use this as a &#8220;teaching moment.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><b>Set boundaries<\/b>. Say that you&#8217;re not comfortable discussing the topic and that you will not talk about it any further.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re not in a situation where you can discuss the statement immediately, discuss it later. If you think you need backup, tell your manager or HR about what happened and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/dealing-with-discrimination-tips-for-employees.html\">ask if they can help you<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>When You Witness Workplace Microaggressions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Even if you&#8217;re not the target of microaggressions, you can still support your LGBTQ+ coworkers. Like other <a href=\"https:\/\/findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/understanding-different-types-of-harassment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forms of discrimination<\/a>, microaggressions affect bystanders as well as targets. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender workers sometimes need help and validation on the job. Other employees can help by advocating for them.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to be a good LGBTQ+ advocate in the workplace, take these steps:<\/p>\n<p><b>Educate yourself first.<\/b>\u00a0Jumping in on behalf of someone else can be as heterosexist as the discrimination itself. Learn what <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/being-an-lgbtq-ally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kind of advocacy your coworkers need<\/a> and how you can help.<\/p>\n<p><b>Learn appropriate ways to intervene.<\/b>\u00a0When you see microaggressions in the workplace, it&#8217;s important to handle them correctly. If you can tell someone, &#8220;We should be using preferred pronouns,&#8221; without sounding like you&#8217;re trying to be the next CEO, you should do so. However, if HR should handle the incident, make the referral instead.<\/p>\n<p><b>Let coworkers know you are an ally<\/b><span style=\"margin: 0.0px; padding: 0.0px;\"><b>.<\/b>\u00a0LGBTQ people need to know they can depend on you. Once your coworkers<\/span>\u00a0know you will support and validate their experience, they will turn to you when they need backup.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Legal Options for Addressing Microaggressions in the Workplace<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/how-file-charge-employment-discrimination\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission<\/a> (EEOC) protects against workplace discrimination. To file a complaint for a hostile work environment, the person experiencing discrimination (the &#8220;complainant&#8221;) must show that the behavior was &#8220;so severe or frequent&#8221; that a reasonable person would find it harassing.<\/p>\n<p>By themselves, microaggressions do not always rise to the level of discrimination.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in <a title=\"Howard v. Blue Ridge Health Dist.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrmorning.com\/news\/microaggressions-toxic-workplaces\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Howard v. Blue Ridge Health Dist<\/i>.<\/a>\u00a0(2023), the plaintiff could not provide examples of severe or frequent microaggressions rising to the level of harassment. The plaintiff alleged numerous incidents but provided only one specific example, and the court found this did not meet the EEOC and Title VII standards.<\/p>\n<p>However, the EEOC language, &#8220;severe <i>or<\/i> frequent,&#8221; gives individuals a legal way to use microaggressions to file an employment discrimination claim based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Even if the harassment does not rise to the level of &#8220;severe,&#8221; microaggressions may satisfy the frequency requirement.<\/p>\n<p>In <i>De Souza v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America <\/i>(2022), the plaintiff successfully argued that numerous emails and comments about her ethnicity met the standard of &#8220;lesser harassment over a long period of time.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. Supreme Court ruling in <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/bostock-v--clayton-county-case-summary-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Bostock v. Clayton County<\/i><\/a> extended <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/title-vii-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-equal-employment.html\">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964<\/a> protections to LGBT employees. If you want to make an EEOC or Title VII complaint based on microaggressions, keep these details in mind:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You must file your EEOC complaint within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/time-limits-filing-charge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">180 days of the incident<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>You must have a complete record of the incidents. Details like what someone said or did and the date, time, and location of each incident are essential.<\/li>\n<li>Record your efforts to notify HR, management, or other personnel about the incident. Describe what happened and why you believe it did not work.<\/li>\n<li>Note any disparities between your treatment and that of others in similar situations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Most case law involves racial or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/sexual-harassment.html\">sexual harassment<\/a>. However, many of these rulings still apply to sexual orientation and gender expression. If you have other questions or concerns, seek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/lgbtq-law\/hiring-an-attorney-in-the-lgbtq-community.html\">legal advice<\/a> about your case.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Advice for Employers and Human Resources<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Some states, such as California, mandate diversity training at least annually or biannually. Most workplaces require equal treatment for all employees. Yearly training sessions are often not enough to ensure employees understand how to avoid microaggressive behavior on the job and in everyday life.<\/p>\n<p>Employers and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources.html\">human\u00a0<\/a><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resources staff<\/a> can find tips and training programs online and from LGBTQ+ organizations to help make their workplaces<\/span>\u00a0more accepting of all employees.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Microaggressions or Discrimination at Work? Get Legal Help<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019re unsure whether the microaggressions you&#8217;re experiencing rise to the level of discrimination, speaking with a lawyer can give you the answers you need. They can review your documentation, assess whether you have a claim, and guide you through the EEOC or Title VII process if needed. You don\u2019t have to shoulder this alone\u2014legal support is available.<\/p>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s directories of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment lawyers<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/discrimination\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discrimination lawyers<\/a> can get you started. Because state law is relevant, your attorney should be licensed in the state where your employer is located. Enter the city or ZIP code for a list of qualified legal advisors. 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