{"id":354830,"date":"2016-04-04T11:01:41","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T16:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/education\/curriculum-standards-school-funding\/curriculum-decisionmaking.html"},"modified":"2016-06-20T20:22:04","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T01:22:04","slug":"curriculum-decisionmaking","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/curriculum-standards-school-funding\/curriculum-decisionmaking.html","title":{"rendered":"Curriculum Decisionmaking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Curriculum Decisionmaking<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><i>Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw&#8217;s team<\/a> of legal writers and editors<\/i><\/p>\n\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            June 20, 2016\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Local education authorities, such as school administrators or boards of education, must balance many different competing interests when designing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/curriculum-standards-school-funding\/curriculum-general-background-information.html\" title=\"Curriculum - General Background Information\">curriculum<\/a>. Each school district likely has its own process for making curriculum decisions. However, each school district must wrestle with the same concerns:<\/p>\n<h2>Requirements for a Good Curriculum<\/h2>\n<p>Most people agree that students in public schools should learn the basics of reading, writing, mathematics, history, science, and citizenship. Very few people agree on anything else regarding school curricula. In general, school boards must design a curriculum that furthers &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/curriculum-standards-school-funding\/free-speech-and-ideological-content.html\" title=\"Curriculum and Ideology\">legitimate pedagogical concerns<\/a>.&quot; However, the phrase &quot;legitimate pedagogical concerns&quot; is not defined by any court or federal statutes. Some state governments have defined &quot;legitimate pedagogical concerns,&quot; but school boards are frequently left to their own devices when creating a curriculum.<\/p>\n<p>School boards often turn to state and federal governments for guidance on what to teach and how to teach it. The federal government has the means to research which skills will be most useful to students after school, as well as which teaching techniques are most effective. State governments have insight into the kinds of skills that are useful to the local economy, and can often recommend specific classroom materials.<\/p>\n<p>An important consideration is the age, maturity, and sophistication of the students to which educational material is to be provided. A school&#8217;s oversight or authority over curriculum matters is greater where younger students are involved.<\/p>\n<h2>What to Leave Out of a Good Curriculum<\/h2>\n<p>&quot;Legitimate pedagogical concerns&quot; may not be well defined, but some courts have reached a consensus on material that does not advance these concerns. This kind of material can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Advocacy of political or similar matters<\/li>\n<li>Bias or prejudice<\/li>\n<li>Conformity or nonconformity to shared or community values<\/li>\n<li>Distracting from an educational atmosphere<\/li>\n<li>Inability to teach prescribed curriculum because of disagreements with course content<\/li>\n<li>Lack of neutrality on religious matters<\/li>\n<li>Quality or professionalism<\/li>\n<li>Sexually harassing speech<\/li>\n<li>Suitability or unsuitability for intended students<\/li>\n<li>Vulgarity, profanity, nudity, sexuality, drug use, violence or other inappropriate themes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Even though these topics may not be covered explicitly as part of a school&#8217;s curriculum, they may not always be banned from school grounds entirely. For example, parents have attempted to ban Mark Twain&#8217;s <i>The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn<\/i> from schools for decades. First, the book&#8217;s portrayal of an escaped slave went against the values held by white, formerly slave-owning families. Then, parents wanted to ban the book because it contains racial epithets that are considered inappropriate today but were common to the era in which the book is set.<\/p>\n<p>In a case such as this, school districts may decide that teachers should not assign <i>The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn<\/i> as required reading. But, they may not ban the book from the school library. This is because the school has a legitimate pedagogical concern in allowing students access to one of the mainstays of American literature.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see FindLaw&#8217;s sections on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/curriculum-standards-school-funding\/school-funding.html\" title=\"School Funding\">School Funding<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/curriculum-standards-school-funding\/competency-testing.html\" title=\"Competency Testing\">Competency Testing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                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clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect 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