{"id":355000,"date":"2016-04-04T10:45:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/education\/student-rights.html"},"modified":"2024-12-10T17:17:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T22:17:34","slug":"student-rights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights.html","title":{"rendered":"Student Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <div\n    data-testid=\"fl-general-title\"\n    class=\"fl-general-title fl-flex fl-gap20 fl-items-end\"\n>\n    <div class=\"fl-general-title-heading fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n        <h1\n            class=\"fl-h1 fl-general-title-title fl-no-spacing\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-title\"\n        >\n            Student Rights\n        <\/h1>\n        <p\n            class=\"fl-general-title-description fl-text-xl fl-no-margin\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-description\"\n        >\n             From freedom of speech to privacy, students in both public and private schools have rights protected by federal law and state laws. \n        <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/jade-yeban-j-d\/\">Jade Yeban, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-richmond-esq\/\">Susan Mills Richmond, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            December 10, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Public education is a cornerstone of American society. It provides millions of students with valuable knowledge and skills. However, the rights of students in the school system are often a topic of discussion.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. Department of Education and Office for Civil Rights (OCR) ensure that students are treated fairly.&nbsp;As the U.S. Supreme Court once declared, students do not &quot;shed their constitutional rights when they enter the schoolhouse door.&quot; Still, school administrators may legally restrict the rights of those within the institution.<\/p>\n<p>This section provides information and resources for students. Parents, teachers, and school administrators may also find it useful. This section covers the right to student speech, religion, and student privacy. It also provides an in-depth look at laws protecting student rights, drug testing, and prayer.<\/p>\n\n<div\n    class=\"fl-category-overview\"\n    data-testid=\"fl-category-overview\"\n>\n    <div\n        class=\"fl-accordion fl-category-overview-container\"\n        id=\"category-overview\"\n        data-testid=\"fl-accordion\"\n    >\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Student Speech and Book Bans\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-1-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/student-speech.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Student Speech<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/banned-books-list.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Banned Books in American Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/banning-books-and-the-law.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Banning Books and the Law<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/higher-education-free-speech-issues.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Higher Education Free Speech Issues<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-dress-codes.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Dress Codes<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Other Student Rights\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-2-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/statutory-sources-of-protection-for-students.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Civil Rights of Students: Federal Laws<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/ten-commonly-asked-questions-on-student-rights.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>10 Commonly Asked Questions on Student Rights<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-lunch-laws.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Lunch Laws<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/undocumented-students-and-the-law.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Undocumented Student Rights<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        School Privacy\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-3-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-privacy.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Privacy<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/drug-testing-background-information.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Drug Testing: Background Information<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/drug-testing-federal-court-opinions.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Drug Testing: Federal Court Opinions<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-violence-and-weapons-drug-testing.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Violence and Weapons: Drug Testing FAQ<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/state-law-on-student-drug-testing.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>State Laws on Student Drug Testing<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/using-drug-sniffing-dogs-and-canine-units.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Using Drug-Sniffing Dogs and Canine Units<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-4-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-4-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-4-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-4-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Religion at School\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-4-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/religion-at-school.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Religion at School<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-and-the-pledge-of-allegiance-constitutionality.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance: Constitutionality<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-the-pledge-of-allegiance-and-a-minute-of.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Pledge of Allegiance and Moment of Silence in Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/is-a-minute-of-silence-in-school-permissible-.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Moments of Silence in Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-and-the-pledge-of-allegiance-private-prayer.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Private School Prayer in Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-and-pledge-of-allegiance-types-of-prayer-banned.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Types of Prayer Banned in Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/the-pledge-of-allegiance-and-legal-challenges-in-education.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Pledge of Allegiance and Legal Challenges in Education<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/religious-accommodation-for-students.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Religious Accommodation for Students<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/religion-in-public-schools.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Religious Activities Allowed in Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-and-the-pledge-of-allegiance-background.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance: Background<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-and-the-pledge-of-allegiance-local-and-state-law.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>School Prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance: Local and State Law<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Student Speech Rights<br>\r\n<\/h2>\r\n<p>One of the most debated topics in public education is student speech. Federal law protects the rights of students to express their views, but&nbsp;school officials do have some authority to limit speech. They can do so if the speech disrupts the learning environment. This is a delicate balance. For example, dress codes might limit certain types of clothing, but they shouldn&#8217;t violate students&#8217; rights to freedom of speech.<\/p>\r\n<p>Perspectives on free speech in public schools have&nbsp;made dramatic changes&nbsp;throughout the years. The concept of free speech in schools was often&nbsp;dismissed before an important 1969 case, which is the U.S. Supreme Court&#8217;s landmark decision in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/educational-resources\/educational-activities\/facts-and-case-summary-tinker-v-des-moines\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969) - USCourts.gov\" rel=\"noopener\">Tinker v. Des Moines School District<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>The Court held that student speech is&nbsp;protected by the Constitution, but it&nbsp;also held that speech can be censored in certain situations. If this speech causes &quot;substantial interference with school discipline or the right of others,&quot; it can be censored.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Supreme Court&#8217;s 1988&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/about-federal-courts\/educational-resources\/supreme-court-landmarks\/hazelwood-v-kuhlmeier-podcast#:~:text=Decision%3A,with%20the%20schools%27%20educational%20mission.\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) - USCourts.gov\" rel=\"noopener\">Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier<\/a>&nbsp;decision further established the limits of free speech in public schools. The Court held that public school students&#8217; free speech rights are not as robust as the First Amendment rights of adults. In that case, students had sued over the administration&#8217;s editorial control over the school newspaper.<\/p>\r\n<p>With the rise of social media, the line between school jurisdiction and personal expression has been blurred. Schools might take disciplinary action for online posts, but&nbsp;students also have the right to express themselves outside of school activities.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Banned Books<\/h2>\r\n<p>In the realm of education, the topic of banned books often arises. Some school officials might think certain books are not appropriate for students. Others argue that banning books infringes on educational rights. State laws might vary, but banning a book&nbsp;on the basis of race or national origin would violate civil rights laws. The key is to ensure that books enrich the educational experience. They should do so without disrupting the learning environment.<\/p>\r\n<p>Despite First Amendment free speech protections, the Supreme Court ruled in 1982 in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/457\/853.html\" title=\"Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Island Trees School District v. Pico<\/a>&nbsp;that schools may not remove a book from the school library simply because they disagree with the book&#8217;s ideas. According to this Court,&nbsp;a school board&#8217;s &quot;discretion may not be exercised in a narrowly partisan or political manner.&quot;<\/p>\r\n<p>Some of the most frequently challenged books in school libraries include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><i>The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn<\/i>, by Mark Twain<\/li>\r\n<li><i>The Catcher in the Rye<\/i>, by J.D. Salinger<\/li>\r\n<li><i>To Kill a Mockingbird<\/i>, by Harper Lee<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The appropriateness of a book has varied by school level. For instance,&nbsp;<i>Lord of the Flies<\/i>&nbsp;may not be considered appropriate for elementary school students but&nbsp;is&nbsp;fine for high school students.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Religion at School Rights<\/h2>\r\n<p>Religion plays a significant role in many students&#8217; lives. Federal law states that public education institutions cannot favor one religion over another. This means students have the right to express their religious beliefs, but&nbsp;schools cannot promote any particular faith.<\/p>\r\n<p>Students should have equal access to extracurricular activities. This is regardless of whether they are religious in nature or not. Furthermore, schools receiving federal funding or financial assistance cannot discriminate against students. This includes discrimination based on their religious beliefs. School prayer is protected, but only if it&#8217;s voluntary and non-disruptive.<\/p>\r\n<p>The issue of religion in school continues to be very controversial,&nbsp;school prayer in particular. The First Amendment prohibits the establishment of any particular religion by the government. Public schools are government entities. As such, they can not encourage, sponsor, or endorse direct religious activities. However, teachers may discuss religion in the context of education. For example, they can discuss the Christian influence on Renaissance art.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Student Privacy Rights<\/h2>\r\n<p>Student privacy is crucial in today&#8217;s digital age. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ed.gov\/policy\/gen\/guid\/fpco\/ferpa\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"FERPA - ED.gov\" rel=\"noopener\">FERPA<\/a>) and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opcl\/privacy-act-1974\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Privacy Act of 1974 - Justice.gov\" rel=\"noopener\">Privacy Act of 1974<\/a>&nbsp;both protect students&#8217; education records. Schools cannot share personal information without consent. This includes academic, disciplinary, and health information.<\/p>\r\n<p>Students have the right to be free from intrusion into personal matters, but these rights end where the safety of others is concerned. For example, suppose there is information that leads administrators to believe a weapon is on campus. They believe it is in a student&#8217;s backpack based on this information. This would justify a search of the student&#8217;s backpack.<\/p>\r\n<p>Students are not always protected from drug testing.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/drug-testing-background-information.html#:~:text=This%20means%20any%20student%20may,student%20to%20take%20a%20test.\" title=\"Drug Testing for Students Background\">Student-athletes may be tested without suspicion.<\/a>&nbsp;This is allowed under a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court decision,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/515\/646.html\" title=\"Vernonia v. Acton (1995)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vernonia v. Acton<\/a>, rejecting a Fourth Amendment claim of privacy invasion. In fact, the Court has subsequently ruled that there is no federal law that schools can&nbsp;drug test students only where there is probable cause and that reasonable suspicion is a proper basis. For more information, take a look at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/when-is-school-drug-testing-legal\/\" title=\"When Is School Drug Testing Legal?\">When is School Drug Testing Legal<\/a>&nbsp;article.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Accessible Education and Student Rights<\/h2>\r\n<p>Students with disabilities have the right to special education and related services.&nbsp;Other schools, organizations, laws, and regulations might refer to these students using the outdated term \u201cspecial needs.\u201d But, the preferred terminology is education services for students with disabilities.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.ed.gov\/idea\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - ED.gov\" rel=\"noopener\">IDEA<\/a>) is an important federal law in this area. School systems must provide these students with a Free Appropriate Public Education (<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ed.gov\/about\/offices\/list\/ocr\/docs\/edlite-FAPE504.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - ED.gov\" rel=\"noopener\">FAPE<\/a>). This could include services like speech therapy, counseling, or physical therapy.<\/p>\r\n<p>Under IDEA, students are entitled to an environment that&#8217;s the least restrictive one for them to access education. This means these students should be integrated with their peers as much as possible. Furthermore, schools are obligated to involve parents in the decision-making process for their child&#8217;s education. This fosters collaboration and transparency in crafting the best educational pathway forward.<\/p>\r\n<p>Each student&#8217;s needs are outlined in their Individualized Education Program (IEP). Parents and teachers collaborate with educational agencies to develop this plan. Each IEP is customized to the needs of the student. IEPs allow for a holistic approach to the child&#8217;s education. These documents are regularly reviewed and updated. They serve as dynamic roadmaps with guiding instructions and strategies tailored to each student.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Student Due Process Rights<\/h2>\r\n<p>Every student in the U.S. public education system has the right to due process of law. This fundamental right ensures fairness and justice when school officials take actions that might impact a student&#8217;s education or reputation. For instance, before a student is suspended or expelled from school, they must be informed of the issues involved. They must also get an opportunity to present their side of the story.<\/p>\r\n<p>State laws can provide more protection, but&nbsp;at a minimum&nbsp;federal law requires students to receive notice and a chance to defend themselves. If a student in adaptive education faces disciplinary action, the school must consider their disability under IDEA. IDEA provides added safeguards for students with disabilities. In all cases, due process is aimed at ensuring that students&#8217; rights are protected.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        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                  <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You generally need a lawyer&#8217;s help to sue a school\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    School rules and regulations can be contested in court\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Civil rights and discrimination issues are a large part of education law\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>Education legal issues can span Title IX concerns, discrimination cases, civil rights offenses, and teachers&#8217; rights. An attorney can help prevent common mistakes with your case.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/education-law\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL15\" title=\"Search Top Lawyers Near You\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"popularDirectory\">\n        <div class=\"general-popular-directory \">\n            <div class=\"general-popular-directory-title\">\n                <h3>Attorney Directory<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul>\n                                    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/education-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n      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href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/using-drug-sniffing-dogs-and-canine-units.html\">Using Drug-Sniffing Dogs and Canine Units<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/drug-testing-background-information.html\">Drug Testing: Background Information<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/higher-education-free-speech-issues.html\">Higher Education Free Speech Issues<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"popular-recent-item\">\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-image\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1745849421\/ability-law\/wp-prod\/general-components-popular-recent-recent_12960fdca\/general-components-popular-recent-recent_12960fdca.svg?_i=AA\"\n                    alt=\"\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-content\">\n                <h3>Most Recent Law Articles<\/h3>\n                <ul class=\"fl-list\">\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/banned-books-list.html\">\n                                How Does Book Banning Work in U.S. Public Schools?\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-the-pledge-of-allegiance-and-a-minute-of.html\">\n                                The Pledge of Allegiance and Moment of Silence in Public Schools\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/drug-testing-federal-court-opinions.html\">\n                                Drug Testing: Federal Court Opinions\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/school-prayer-and-the-pledge-of-allegiance-private-prayer.html\">\n                                Private School Prayer in Public Schools\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/student-rights\/is-a-minute-of-silence-in-school-permissible.html\">\n                                Moments of Silence in Public Schools\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to the Student Rights section of FindLaw&#8217;s Education Law Center. Below find articles on numerous important topics such as students&#8217; rights, drug testing, and much more at FindLaw.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":354820,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/OverviewPageController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2737],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-355000","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-education"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=355000"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355000\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/354820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=355000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=355000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=355000"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=355000"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=355000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}