{"id":355622,"date":"2016-04-04T10:41:57","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/civilrights\/discrimination\/disability-discrimination-applicable-laws.html"},"modified":"2023-09-22T12:25:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T17:25:13","slug":"disability-discrimination-applicable-laws","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/disability-discrimination-applicable-laws.html","title":{"rendered":"Disability Discrimination: Applicable Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Disability Discrimination: Applicable Laws<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/lark-lewis-j-d\/\">Lark Lewis, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/aviana-cooper-esq\/\">Aviana Cooper, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            September 22, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>When a person suffers unfair treatment due to a disability, it&#8217;s disability discrimination. The disability can be mental or physical.<\/p>\r\n<p>Discrimination might also come from perceived disability. This type of discrimination on the basis of disability includes verbal or physical harassment. Disability discrimination also includes denying access to services, businesses, and buildings.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Protected Disability 101<\/h2>\r\n<p>Protected disabilities can include being hard of hearing or blind. They can also include developmental disabilities and other impairments.<\/p>\r\n<p>Below is a list of federal laws banning&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/disability-discrimination.html\">discrimination based on disability<\/a>. There are links to the full texts of those laws.<\/p>\r\n<p>Many&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/civil-rights-laws.html\">states have civil rights laws<\/a>&nbsp;mirroring federal laws. Your state laws may be similar to those identified below. Cities and counties can also enact ordinances and laws related to civil rights.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article discusses laws preventing disability discrimination and protecting the rights of people with disabilities.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (ACAA)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/airconsumer\/passengers-disabilities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Carrier Access Act of 1986<\/a>&nbsp;(ACAA) bans disability discrimination in air transportation. It applies to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>All United States air carriers with flights starting or stopping at U.S. airports<\/li>\r\n<li>Foreign carriers with flights starting or stopping at U.S. airports<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/americans-with-disabilities-act-of-1990-titles-i-and-v.html\">Americans with Disabilities Act<\/a>&nbsp;(ADA) protects people with disabilities from discrimination. It addresses many major life activities. These include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Employment<\/li>\r\n<li>Education<\/li>\r\n<li>Access to public accommodations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Title I of the ADA bans employment discrimination against a qualified person with a disability. This prohibition applies to private employers and their employment practices.<\/p>\r\n<p>Federal employment is also affected by the ADA. The ADA also applies to state and local governments and employment agencies. Job applicants are also protected.<\/p>\r\n<h2>ADA for Public Accommodations<\/h2>\r\n<p>Title II and Title III of the Act address places of public accommodations. These portions of the Act address reasonable accommodations. Service animals are a familiar example.<\/p>\r\n<p>In housing, the ADA addresses topics such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Reasonable modifications<\/li>\r\n<li>Equal access<\/li>\r\n<li>Undue hardships<\/li>\r\n<li>Places of public accommodations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Other areas covered under the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/the-americans-with-disabilities-act-overview.html\">ADA<\/a>&nbsp;include commercial facilities, transportation providers, and telecommunications.<\/p>\r\n<p>The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), federal agencies, and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) can enforce violations of the ADA.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 (ABA)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-42-the-public-health-and-welfare\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Architectural Barriers Act of 1968<\/a>&nbsp;(ABA) protects against disability discrimination. It addresses the accessibility and useability of newer buildings and new construction.<\/p>\r\n<p>The law applies to various aspects of buildings and facilities, including their:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Design<\/li>\r\n<li>Construction<\/li>\r\n<li>Alteration<\/li>\r\n<li>Leasing<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The law generally applies if federal funds came after September 1969.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Fair Housing Act (FHA)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/fair-housing-act.html\">Fair Housing Act&nbsp;<\/a>(FHA) was part of the Civil Rights Act Title VIII in 1968. The 1988 amendment to the FHA added disability as a covered class. It also added families with children.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Fair Housing Act bans discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Race<\/li>\r\n<li>Color<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Religion<\/li>\r\n<li>Sex<\/li>\r\n<li>Familial status<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/legislation\/pl108-446.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Individuals with Disabilities Education Act<\/a>&nbsp;(IDEA) protects students with disabilities. It also ensures that all&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/special-education-and-disabilities\/can-the-individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-help.html\">children with disabilities<\/a>&nbsp;get free, appropriate public education.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Rehabilitation Act of 1973<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/rehabilitation-act-of-1973-sections-501-and-505.html\">Rehabilitation Act of 1973<\/a>&nbsp;also protects disabled people from discrimination. It addresses employers and organizations that get federal financial help.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/special-education-and-disabilities\/504-accommodations-in-schools.html\">Section 504 of the Act<\/a>&nbsp;protects against discrimination based on disability in educational services and opportunities. It applies to educational institutions that get federal funding.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-29-labor\/29-usc-sect-2601.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Family and Medical Leave Act<\/a>&nbsp;(FMLA) is another federal law. It requires employers to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Allow employees time off to care for family<\/li>\r\n<li>Allow employees time off to address personal medical needs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The FMLA also prohibits discriminating against employees for addressing those needs.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)<\/h2>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/civil-rights\/for-individuals\/section-1557\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act<\/a>&nbsp;(ACA) is another nondiscrimination provision. It bans discrimination in specific health care programs or activities based on the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<li>Race<\/li>\r\n<li>Color<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Age<\/li>\r\n<li>Sex<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Health programs or activities funded or administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HSS) are covered. Health insurance marketplace insurers are also included.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Discuss Your Disability Discrimination Claim with an Attorney<\/h2>\r\n<p>Are you facing disability discrimination at school, work, or public accommodation settings? Many federal laws are available for your protection.<\/p>\r\n<p>To protect your disability rights, discuss your situation with an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/discrimination\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attorney skilled in discrimination matters<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Most civil rights cases need the help of an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex civil rights cases (such as employment discrimination, racial segregation, or discrimination based on gender) need the support of a lawyer\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>An attorney can help you enforce your civil rights and other constitutional rights. Many offer free consultations and can offer tailored advice during your court case.<\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p class=\"find-attorney\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum:FL10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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