{"id":355657,"date":"2016-04-04T10:41:57","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/civilrights\/discrimination\/housing-discrimination.html"},"modified":"2024-04-03T10:24:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T15:24:01","slug":"housing-discrimination","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/housing-discrimination.html","title":{"rendered":"Housing Discrimination"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Housing Discrimination<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/linda-sanabria-j-d\/\">Linda Sanabria, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-richmond-esq\/\">Susan Mills Richmond, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            April 03, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>Welcome to the Housing Discrimination section of FindLaw&#8217;s Civil Rights Center. Read on for practical and historical information about federal fair housing laws.<\/p>\r\n<p>Fair housing means&nbsp;no one should suffer unequal treatment in housing decisions&nbsp;based on a protected characteristic. To treat others this way is to engage in housing discrimination in violation of the Fair Housing Act.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>This section contains information on:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Discrimination<\/li>\r\n<li>Fair housing rights for home buyers and renters (tenants)<\/li>\r\n<li>What to do if you are unlawfully denied housing<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>What Is Housing Discrimination?<\/h2>\r\n<p>To discriminate is to treat someone&nbsp;in a different and adverse manner.&nbsp;For example, housing providers may not exclude prospective tenants because they are African-American. To do so would constitute housing discrimination. These protections also extend to home buyers and mortgage loan applicants.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Discrimination against housing applicants can be difficult to prove. You&#8217;ll need evidence pointing to a landlord or real estate agent&#8217;s intent. This is similar to charges of discrimination against job applicants.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in housing based on:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Race<\/li>\r\n<li>Color<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Religion<\/li>\r\n<li>Sex<\/li>\r\n<li>Familial status<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>This also applies to&nbsp;perceptions&nbsp;of such characteristics. For example, say a landlord refuses to rent to an applicant that they believe is Muslim. The landlord has violated federal law even if the applicant is not Muslim.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Types of Discriminatory Acts Prohibited by the Fair Housing Act<\/h2>\r\n<p>There are many ways a landlord, real estate agent, mortgage lender, or other involved party may discriminate against applicants, tenants, or homeowners. If you are part of a protected group, you may be able to file a claim for discrimination if a party committed any of the following acts against your interests:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Refusal to rent or sell housing<\/li>\r\n<li>Refusal to negotiate housing<\/li>\r\n<li>Making housing unavailable to certain applicants<\/li>\r\n<li>Offering different terms or conditions to different applicants<\/li>\r\n<li>Persuading others to sell or rent their property for a profit<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>In addition, lenders and financial institutions may not commit the following acts in a discriminatory manner:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Refusal to make a loan<\/li>\r\n<li>Refusal to provide information about a loan<\/li>\r\n<li>Unfair mortgage lending<\/li>\r\n<li>Imposing different rates for different applicants&nbsp;regardless of credit score and other tangible factors<\/li>\r\n<li>Discrimination in appraisal or valuation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Those with physical or mental disabilities also have certain rights and protections. For instance, landlords must make reasonable modifications to a property for disabled tenants. Public and common areas,&nbsp;such as the laundry room,&nbsp;must be accessible to persons with disabilities&nbsp;in addition to handicap-accessible routes and parking spaces.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Fair Housing and the U.S. Supreme Court<\/h2>\r\n<p>As with many other areas of the law, fair housing laws are&nbsp;shaped by decisions made at the Supreme Court. Some of the most prominent among these include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/334\/1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)<\/i><\/a>:<i>&nbsp;<\/i>This landmark case addressed the issue of&nbsp;racially restrictive covenants&nbsp;in property deeds. The Supreme Court ruled that these covenants, which were agreements among property owners not to sell or rent to certain racial or ethnic groups, are unenforceable. While the decision did not directly strike down the covenants, it held that state courts could not enforce them, marking an important step toward dismantling racially discriminatory housing practices.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/392\/409.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Jones v. Mayer Co. (1968)<\/i><\/a>: In this case, the Supreme Court declared that federal law prohibits racial discrimination in the private or public sale or rental of property. This decision reinforced the broader commitment to eliminating racial discrimination in housing and further established the federal government&#8217;s authority to intervene in cases of housing discrimination.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/429\/252.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. (1977)<\/i><\/a>:&nbsp;This case set a precedent regarding the burden of proof in claims of racial discrimination in land zoning decisions. The Supreme Court ruled that when filing a claim of racial discrimination in a land zoning decision, the plaintiff must show proof of intent. This means that individuals alleging discrimination need to provide evidence that the actions taken were both intentional and&nbsp;discriminatory, adding a layer of complexity to proving such cases but also ensuring a more thorough examination of the circumstances.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These Supreme Court decisions played pivotal roles in shaping and interpreting fair housing laws in the United States. They not only addressed specific issues related to housing discrimination but also contributed to the broader evolution of civil rights law, emphasizing the prohibition of discriminatory practices in housing transactions.<\/p>\r\n<p>Note that these cases laid the groundwork for subsequent legislative actions, such as amendments to the Fair Housing Act, which further strengthened protections against housing discrimination based on protected classes like:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Race<\/li>\r\n<li>Color<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Religion<\/li>\r\n<li>Sex<\/li>\r\n<li>Familial status<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The interplay between judicial decisions and legislative measures continues to shape the landscape of fair housing in the United States.<\/p>\r\n<h2>HUD&#8217;s Role in Promoting Fair Housing<\/h2>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hud.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)<\/a>&nbsp;plays a crucial role in upholding fair housing practices in the U.S. As the primary federal agency overseeing housing and urban development initiatives, HUD is dedicated to ensuring that every individual has equal access to housing opportunities, free from discrimination based on protected characteristics.<\/p>\r\n<h3>HUD&#8217;s Mandate and Enforcement<\/h3>\r\n<p>HUD administers and enforces the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/fair-housing-federal-laws.html#:~:text=The%20federal%20Fair%20Housing%20Act,housing%2C%20such%20as%20mortgage%20lending\">Fair Housing Act,<\/a>&nbsp;a landmark piece of legislation that prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability. Through its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hud.gov\/fairhousing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO),<\/a>&nbsp;HUD&nbsp;investigates and addresses complaints of housing discrimination, working to eliminate barriers to fair housing and promote inclusive communities.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Providing Resources and Education<\/h3>\r\n<p>In addition to enforcement efforts, HUD serves as a valuable resource for individuals seeking information about fair housing rights and responsibilities. The department offers educational materials, guidance documents, and outreach programs to raise awareness about fair housing laws.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Through collaborations with community organizations, HUD strives to empower individuals with the knowledge they need to recognize and combat housing discrimination.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP)<\/h3>\r\n<p>HUD&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hud.gov\/program_offices\/fair_housing_equal_opp\/partners\/FHIP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP)<\/a>&nbsp;supports a range of initiatives aimed at eradicating housing discrimination. This includes funding for local organizations that work to educate the public, investigate complaints, and promote fair housing practices at the grassroots level. FHIP plays a crucial role in fostering partnerships between HUD and local communities to advance the goals of fair housing.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH)<\/h3>\r\n<p>HUD is committed to the concept of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hud.gov\/AFFH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH)<\/a>, which involves taking proactive steps to address historical patterns of segregation and promote inclusive housing practices. Through policy development and collaboration with local jurisdictions, HUD seeks to create communities that provide equal housing opportunities for all, regardless&nbsp;of background or characteristics.<\/p>\r\n<h3>HUD&#8217;s Commitment to Accessibility<\/h3>\r\n<p>Recognizing the importance of accessible housing for persons with disabilities, HUD has established guidelines and standards to ensure that federally-funded housing is designed and constructed with accessibility in mind. This commitment extends to public and common areas, reinforcing the principle that everyone should have the opportunity to enjoy a safe and accessible home.<\/p>\r\n<p>HUD stands as a key advocate for fair housing practices, working&nbsp;to eliminate discrimination, educate the public, and create a housing landscape that reflects the principles of equality and inclusivity. Through its multifaceted approach, HUD contributes&nbsp;to the ongoing progress toward achieving fair and equitable housing opportunities for all Americans.<\/p>\r\n<h2>You Deserve Equal Opportunity When It Comes To Housing \u2013 Get a Lawyer&#8217;s Help<\/h2>\r\n<p>Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and file a housing complaint. Visit FindLaw&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/real-estate-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attorney directory<\/a>&nbsp;to find a real estate lawyer who&nbsp;can advise you.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Most civil rights cases need the help of an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex civil rights cases (such as employment discrimination, racial segregation, or discrimination based on gender) need the support of a lawyer\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>An attorney can help you enforce your civil rights and other constitutional rights. 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Here you can find articles to help recognize, understand, and fight any sort of housing discrimination you may encounter. Learn about The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Fair Housing Act, and much more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":355611,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"categories":[2736],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-355657","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-civilrights"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=355657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355657\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/355611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=355657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=355657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=355657"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=355657"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=355657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}