{"id":355677,"date":"2016-04-04T10:42:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/civilrights\/discrimination\/sex-discrimination-in-education.html"},"modified":"2025-01-24T11:51:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T16:51:23","slug":"sex-discrimination-in-education","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/sex-discrimination-in-education.html","title":{"rendered":"Sex Discrimination in Education"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Sex Discrimination in Education<\/h1>\n
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\n By Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n | Last updated\n
\n \n <\/i>\n Legally Reviewed\n <\/summary>\n\n
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This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n\n

\n \n <\/i>\n Fact-Checked\n <\/summary>\n\n
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The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n<\/section>\n

Congress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972<\/a> (Title IX) as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964<\/a>. Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender<\/a> in American schools and universities. The law protects students, parents, teachers, and other staff from discriminatory acts.<\/p>\r\n

Title IX is a federal civil rights law that prohibits unequal treatment based on sex or gender. This includes discrimination based on sex stereotypes, including gender identity. This nondiscrimination law applies to all educational institutions that receive federal funding from the U.S. government.<\/p>\r\n

Many people perceive Title IX as pertaining only to equal treatment in athletics because of the opportunities it has created for females in amateur athletics and recreational sports. However, Title IX offers numerous protections against discrimination across all areas of academia.<\/p>\r\n

Here, we answer the most frequently asked questions about sex discrimination<\/a> in education and offer links to additional information on this topic.<\/p>\r\n

What is Title IX?<\/h2>\r\n

President Richard Nixon passed Title IX on June 23, 1972. The law is codified in 20 U.S.C. \u00a71681<\/a> et seq. and is part of the Code of Federal Regulations. Congress has passed several amendments to the original law, and the Supreme Court has heard many cases related to Title IX over the years.<\/p>\r\n

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972<\/a> is an anti-discrimination law that protects people from unfair and unequal treatment in education programs<\/a> and activities on the basis of sex. The law applies to all schools receiving federal financial assistance.<\/p>\r\n

Title IX<\/a> states that:<\/p>\r\n

\u201cNo person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.<\/i>"<\/p>\r\n

Title IX Fact Sheet<\/h2>\r\n

The federal government published the most recent Title IX fact sheet<\/a> in July 2024. The regulations, which apply to all but 14 states, include specific rules for educational institutions and the federal courts to follow.<\/p>\r\n

Some of the more recent requirements of Title IX address the following:<\/p>\r\n