{"id":355717,"date":"2020-03-26T16:14:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T21:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/civilrights\/other-constitutional-rights\/can-you-be-legally-forced-to-self-quarantine-in-the-united-state.html"},"modified":"2024-07-25T09:40:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T14:40:00","slug":"can-you-be-legally-forced-to-self-quarantine-in-the-united-state","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/other-constitutional-rights\/can-you-be-legally-forced-to-self-quarantine-in-the-united-state.html","title":{"rendered":"Can the U.S. Government Force You to Self-Quarantine?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Can the U.S. Government Force You to Self-Quarantine?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/christie-nicholson-j-d\/\">Christie Nicholson, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/john-mascolo-esq\/\">John Mascolo, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            July 25, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, people became very familiar with self-quarantining. Whether traveling outside the U.S. or attending a family gathering, you may have had to self-quarantine.<\/p>\r\n<p>According to the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2024\/p0301-respiratory-virus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a>&nbsp;(CDC), people exposed to an infectious disease should isolate themselves until they are no longer contagious. The question is whether the government can force you to self-quarantine.<\/p>\r\n<p>At first glance, the federal government ordering you to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/health.usnews.com\/conditions\/articles\/how-to-self-quarantine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">self-quarantine<\/a>&nbsp;seems like a violation of your civil rights. But&nbsp;depending on the situation, the government may have the right to force citizens to quarantine.<\/p>\r\n<p>This article discusses when the government can exercise this right. It also explains self-quarantining and what can happen if you don&#8217;t comply.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h2>Illnesses and Diseases Subject to Quarantine Orders<\/h2>\r\n<p>Over the years, the U.S. government has identified various diseases warranting quarantine, including COVID-19.<\/p>\r\n<p>According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the government can order a federal quarantine for the following&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/answers\/public-health-and-safety\/what-diseases-are-subject-to-federal-isolation-and-quarantine-law\/index.html#:~:text=By%20Executive%20Order%20of%20the%20President%2C%20federal%20isolation,tuberculosis%20Plague%20Smallpox%20Yellow%20fever%20Viral%20hemorrhagic%20fevers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and illnesses<\/a>:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Yellow Fever<\/li>\r\n<li>Cholera<\/li>\r\n<li>Pandemic Flu<\/li>\r\n<li>Diphtheria<\/li>\r\n<li>Infectious Tuberculosis<\/li>\r\n<li>Plague<\/li>\r\n<li>Measles<\/li>\r\n<li>Viral Hemorrhagic Fever<\/li>\r\n<li>Smallpox<\/li>\r\n<li>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>State law may also order self-quarantining for particular sicknesses, such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ebola\/about\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ebola<\/a>. If the federal or state government deems there is a public health emergency, it can pass an executive order to self-quarantine that can apply to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Individuals<\/li>\r\n<li>Communities<\/li>\r\n<li>Groups&nbsp;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>With a federal or state quarantine, citizens must self-isolate, stay at home, and practice social distancing. The duration of quarantine depends on the nature of the illness.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, to prevent the spread of COVID-19, health officials first ordered a 14-day self-quarantine. In time, COVID-19 vaccination became widespread, cases decreased, and health care authorities were more knowledgeable about the disease. This led public health authorities to reduce the self-quarantine rule to five days toward the end of the pandemic.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Does the Government Have Legal Grounds to Force People to Quarantine?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Yes. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/article1\/annotation28.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commerce clause<\/a>&nbsp;of the U.S. Constitution gives the federal government the power to quarantine people. Also,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-42-the-public-health-and-welfare\/42-usc-sect-264.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">section 264 of the Public Health Service Act<\/a>&nbsp;gives the federal government the authority &quot;to take measures to prevent the entry and spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the United States and between states.&quot; The same law permits the government authority to apprehend, examine, and detain persons who are infected.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Constitution also gives states and local governments broad police powers to protect the health and welfare of their citizens. Issuing a quarantine order does not constitute a violation of your civil liberties. State and federal regulations exist to protect the greater good, not individual rights.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Is There a Uniform &quot;Self-Quarantine&quot; Law?<\/h2>\r\n<p>No. States and cities have their own health laws. They will draft their own quarantine laws, which can be general or specific, depending on their purpose. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state-quarantine-and-isolation-statutes.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Conference of State Legislatures<\/a>&nbsp;provides an exhaustive list of each state&#8217;s quarantine laws.<\/p>\r\n<h2>How Does the Federal Government Enforce Quarantines?<\/h2>\r\n<p>If a government agency identifies an infectious disease, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the CDC or the states may issue a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/answers\/public-health-and-safety\/how-is-isolation-and-quarantine-enforced\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quarantine order<\/a>. For example, the CDC&#8217;s Quarantine Order for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outlined the reasons for the order and gave directions to citizens.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you do not follow&nbsp;a quarantine order, the police and other enforcement agencies will get involved. Federal law also gives officers from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Coast Guard authority to enforce quarantine orders.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Can the Government Send Me to Jail for Refusing to Quarantine?<\/h2>\r\n<p>The answer is yes, although the rules vary among states. Most states will charge violators with a misdemeanor, which can result in fines in most states. States don&#8217;t consistently enforce jail sentences since putting a person with an infectious disease in prison would be counterproductive.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Can I Challenge the State&#8217;s Decision to Quarantine Me?<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Constitution gives you the right to due process. This does not mean you can demand release from quarantine when you are potentially carrying a dangerous contagious disease. But, you can ask for a hearing to determine if the quarantine is justified and whether the process leading to the order complied with the law.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h2>Can My Employer Fire Me After a Mandatory Quarantine?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Generally, no. Your employer cannot fire you when you miss work due to a mandatory quarantine. Of course, you may need to cooperate with your employer in a reasonable manner based on your health status and ability to work remotely.<\/p>\r\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/family-medical-leave\/what-is-fmla-faq-on-federal-leave-law.html#:~:text=The%20Family%20and%20Medical%20Leave%20Act%20%28FMLA%29%20guarantees,health%20and%20family%20while%20also%20protecting%20your%20job.\">Family and Medical Leave Act<\/a>&nbsp;(FMLA) gives eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for severe health conditions. The question is whether the underlying basis of a mandatory quarantine qualifies as a serious medical condition.<\/p>\r\n<p>Although the courts may take these situations case by case, you will likely qualify for FMLA leave in situations where you will receive &quot;inpatient care.&quot; FMLA treats someone receiving inpatient care as having a severe health condition.<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Federal Government May Issue Further Guidance<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sometimes, the federal government issues orders allowing employees to receive benefits while on quarantine. The federal government&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fmla\/pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emergency Coronavirus Relief Law<\/a>&nbsp;is a good example. Under this law, eligible employees qualified for paid sick leave if they were under quarantine for COVID-19.<\/p>\r\n<h3>States Have Their Own Quarantine&nbsp;Laws<\/h3>\r\n<p>State laws may have provisions regarding whether an employer can fire an employee for not showing up at work because of quarantine. Many states, including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/casetext.com\/statute\/code-of-maryland\/article-health-general\/title-18-disease-prevention\/subtitle-9-catastrophic-health-emergency-disease-surveillance-and-response-program\/section-18-906-quarantine-appeal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maryland<\/a>, have laws specifically prohibiting employers from termination after a mandatory quarantine.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are also&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/federal-laws-protect-you-against-employment-discrimination-during-covid-19-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal laws<\/a>&nbsp;that protect you during quarantine.<\/p>\r\n<h2>An Attorney Can Answer Your Questions<\/h2>\r\n<p>Being under quarantine is frightening. Not only do you have to deal with the underlying illness, but you also have to isolate. If you believe the government has forced you to quarantine unfairly, contact a civil rights&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attorney near you<\/a>&nbsp;for assistance.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Additional Resources<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.findlaw.com\/law_and_life\/2020\/01\/what-are-the-us-governments-quarantine-powers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Are the U.S. Government&#8217;s Quarantine Powers?<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/coronavirus-laws\/government-actions-during-a-pandemic.html\">Understanding Government Actions During COVID-19<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights.html\">Civil Rights<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/other-constitutional-rights.html\">Other Constitutional Rights<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 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fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to 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role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                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name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Most civil rights cases need the help of an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex civil rights cases (such as employment discrimination, racial segregation, or discrimination based on gender) need the support of a lawyer\n\n                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