{"id":355859,"date":"2022-04-21T13:26:23","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T18:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/pro-bono-resource-center\/how-pro-bono-cases-work.html"},"modified":"2026-03-02T11:29:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T16:29:00","slug":"how-pro-bono-cases-work","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/pro-bono-resource-center\/how-pro-bono-cases-work.html","title":{"rendered":"How Pro Bono Cases Work"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">How Pro Bono Cases Work<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/steven-ellison-esq\/\">Steven Ellison, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/joseph-fawbush-esq\/\">Joseph Fawbush, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            March 02, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <div data-testid=\"chat-page\">Pro bono cases work by connecting people who can\u2019t afford a lawyer with attorneys who volunteer their time to serve the public good. Lawyers typically choose matters that advance justice or help underserved communities. The process of forming\u2014and later ending\u2014the attorney\u2011client relationship is usually simple and clearly outlined in writing.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Not everyone who needs legal services can afford them. Thankfully, lawyers who provide their services for free or at a reduced rate help bridge the gap between those who need legal help and those who can pay for it. This is called \u201cpro bono&#8221; work, from the Latin phrase \u201cpro bono publico&#8221; (for the public good).<\/p>\n<p>Pro bono cases also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/pro-bono-resource-center\/the-benefits-of-voluteering-for-pro-bono.html\">benefit attorneys<\/a> by giving them courtroom experience, opportunities to expand their skills, and a meaningful way to support causes they care about.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This article explains how pro bono legal services work. You\u2019ll learn the types of legal issues lawyers are more likely to take on without charge, how pro bono work benefits both clients and attorneys, and more.<\/p>\n<h2>What Are the Roots of Pro Bono Service?<\/h2>\n<p>Pro bono work has a long tradition in this country. In 1770, British soldiers killed five Americans in what became known as the Boston Massacre. No lawyer was willing to defend the soldiers. Although sympathetic to the American cause, John Adams (later the second American president) agreed to represent them for free.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.rwu.edu\/library\/blog\/history-lawyer-pro-bono-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">He won the case.<\/a>\u00a0By the time America declared its independence in 1776, pro bono service was considered an accepted practice by the American legal profession.<\/p>\n<h2>What Legal Issues Qualify for Pro Bono Representation?<\/h2>\n<p>Not every <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/lawyer-hiring-info-by-practice-area.html\">legal matter<\/a> is considered appropriate for pro bono representation. Lawyers typically choose only those cases that serve the public good. That includes, among other areas of law:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Family law<\/li>\n<li>Children&#8217;s issues<\/li>\n<li>Consumer fraud<\/li>\n<li>Housing<\/li>\n<li>Immigration<\/li>\n<li>Taxation<\/li>\n<li>Environmental law<\/li>\n<li>Criminal defense<\/li>\n<li>Elder law<\/li>\n<li>Death penalty appeals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many lawyers will also take cases on behalf of members of underserved communities, religious groups, and nonprofit organizations.<\/p>\n<h2>Pro Bono Requirements for Lawyers<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbar.org\/groups\/legal_education\/resources\/pro_bono\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the American Bar Association<\/a> (ABA), when society grants someone the privilege of practicing law, they accept the responsibility to promote justice and to make it equally accessible. That includes making legal services available to people who may not be able to afford them.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbar.org\/groups\/professional_responsibility\/publications\/model_rules_of_professional_conduct\/rule_6_1_voluntary_pro_bono_publico_service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rule 6.1<\/a>\u00a0of the ABA&#8217;s Model Rules of Professional Conduct says that lawyers should aspire to provide 50 hours of pro bono service each year. Many states have adopted this rule for the lawyers who practice within them.<\/p>\n<h2>Pro Bono Work Furthers an Attorney&#8217;s Career<\/h2>\n<p>You shouldn&#8217;t feel guilty about seeking pro bono services. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/pro-bono-resource-center\/the-benefits-of-voluteering-for-pro-bono.html\">Lawyers also benefit<\/a> from providing free legal aid to those in need:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>New lawyers get into court and have the chance to handle their own cases (typically with some mentoring).<\/li>\n<li>Lawyers get to serve and promote causes that they are passionate about.<\/li>\n<li>They get the chance to explore and develop knowledge and skills in new areas of law.<\/li>\n<li>Lawyers get to know the judges they appear before.<\/li>\n<li>Some states allow for continuing legal education credits for approved pro bono work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Do I Find a Pro Bono Lawyer?<\/h2>\n<p>There are several ways to find a pro bono attorney. You can start with a simple internet search.<\/p>\n<h3>FindLaw<\/h3>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/pro-bono-resource-center.html\">Pro Bono Resource Center<\/a> is an informational hub for those seeking pro bono or low-cost legal representation.<\/p>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Attorney Directory<\/a> is free to use and can connect you with qualified legal help in your area. Keep in mind it is a general directory\u2014not a list of pro bono attorneys. However, your search results will show useful details about each lawyer, including whether they offer free consultations or case evaluations. This can help you quickly identify attorneys who may be a good fit for your needs.<\/p>\n<h3>Legal Services Corporation<\/h3>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legal Services Corporation<\/a> (LSC), a nonprofit corporation formed by Congress in 1974, is the single largest funder of civil legal aid for Americans. In 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsc.gov\/press-release\/congress-passes-flat-funding-560-million-lsc-fy-24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Congress appropriated $560 million<\/a> to LSC to fund its mission.<\/p>\n<p>LSC distributes this money to service organizations through a grant process. They have a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsc.gov\/about-lsc\/what-legal-aid\/get-legal-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">searchable website<\/a> of grant recipients who provide pro bono legal services.<\/p>\n<h3>Bar Associations<\/h3>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbar.org\/groups\/professional_responsibility\/resources\/resources_for_the_public\/consumer_faqs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABA<\/a>\u00a0is the largest voluntary association of lawyers in the world. With more than 400,000 members, it promotes, among other things, initiatives to improve the legal system. Its mission is to serve the public and the legal profession by promoting justice, professional excellence, and respect for the law.<\/p>\n<p>As part of its public service, the ABA strongly encourages its members and lawyers in general to do pro bono work. It has pro bono resources and a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbar.org\/groups\/center-pro-bono\/resources\/pro-bono-resource-directory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">searchable website<\/a>\u00a0of organizations that provide free legal services.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/state-bar-associations.html\">each state has its own bar association<\/a>. They all have pro bono committees that provide resources and pro bono opportunities for attorneys. Their websites will provide you with more information.<\/p>\n<p>You can also see if the county you live in has its own bar association. Many do, and many also have pro bono committees that help connect lawyers to people in need and other resources. Again, their websites will provide you with more information.<\/p>\n<h3>Law Firms<\/h3>\n<p>Many\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chambers-associate.com\/law-firms\/associate-satisfaction-surveys\/top-law-firms-for-pro-bono-experience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law firms<\/a>\u00a0take great pride in their pro bono programs and encourage their lawyers and paralegals to provide free services for causes that serve the public interest. Many have pro bono directors who are great contact points. You can find these people by searching a firm&#8217;s website.<\/p>\n<h3>Law Schools<\/h3>\n<p>Most law schools have clinics that provide legal services to people in need. Most of these clinics focus on a particular area of law, such as domestic violence or immigration. These legal clinics, staffed by law students supervised by lawyers, provide <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/do-you-need-a-lawyer\/do-you-qualify-for-free-legal-aid.html\">free legal services<\/a>. You can find contact information on a law school&#8217;s website.<\/p>\n<h2>How Do You Hire an Attorney?<\/h2>\n<p>Once you have found a pro bono attorney, forming an attorney-client relationship is an easy and straightforward process. Although lawyers call them different things (like a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/attorney-fees-and-agreements\/what-does-it-mean-to-have-a-lawyer-on-retainer.html\">retainer agreement<\/a> or\u00a0engagement letter), virtually all will provide you with a written document that outlines the terms of legal representation. Although you can retain a lawyer orally (and a court might find an attorney-client relationship exists without there being a writing), good, ethical professional practice requires a writing.<\/p>\n<p>Read the letter carefully, make sure you understand it, and ask if you have any questions. Once you are satisfied and agree to the terms of representation, you sign the letter and return it to your lawyer. It&#8217;s as simple as that.<\/p>\n<h2>What Happens When Your Legal Issue Is Resolved?<\/h2>\n<p>Ending an attorney-client relationship is also a straightforward process. Some lawyers simply end the relationship verbally, but most will send you a letter acknowledging that the matter is concluded, thanking you for the opportunity to have represented you, and stating that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/do-you-need-a-lawyer\/what-is-the-attorney-client-privilege.html\">attorney-client relationship<\/a> has ended.<\/p>\n<p>If your lawyer represented you in court or before a state or federal agency, there may be one more step. Your lawyer may need to file a formal notice that they no longer represent you and that any future documents should be sent directly to you.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div 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<fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    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          class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You can explore options for legal aid or pro bono (free) legal counsel to make hiring a lawyer more affordable\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Free legal help is often available for disability benefits, tenants\u2019 rights issues, and domestic violence support\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Criminal cases need an attorney\u2019s help, which is why a public defender will be available to you\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<p>Most legal situations can benefit from an attorney\u2019s guidance. A lawyer can offer tailored advice and help prevent common mistakes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link fl-flex\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-link\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <p><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/#USER_GEO\/?fli=esum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a local attorney<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"email-subscription fl-mb30\">\n    <div class=\"email-subscription-header\">\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-content\">\n            <h3 class=\"fl-callout-sm fl-no-margin\">Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"email-subscription-header-image fl-flex fl-items-end\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\"\n                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