{"id":357709,"date":"2016-04-04T10:45:26","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/sexual-harassment-what-is-it.html"},"modified":"2025-05-30T13:48:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T18:48:40","slug":"sexual-harassment-what-is-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/sexual-harassment-what-is-it.html","title":{"rendered":"Sexual Harassment at Work"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Sexual Harassment at Work<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/balrina-ahluwalia-esq\/\">Balrina Ahluwalia, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            May 30, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that creates an uncomfortable or hostile work environment. It can manifest as unwanted sexual advances, inappropriate comments, or any other sexual conduct that affects your ability to work. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, such behavior is illegal if it interferes with your job performance or creates an intimidating work atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>You love your job. But one of your co-workers has been making it unbearable for you lately. From the lewd remarks about their sex life to the inappropriate and offensive jokes, you\u2019ve had enough. You might wonder if this is sexual harassment. Or perhaps you think it\u2019s not because no one\u2019s pressuring you for sexual favors.<\/p>\r\n<p>A great deal of confusion surrounds workplace sexual harassment. Still, it\u2019s important to understand that you have the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/employees-rights-101.html#harassment:~:text=Rights%20Against%20Discriminatory%20Harassment%20at%20Work\">right to a workplace free from harassment<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you suspect you\u2019re experiencing sexual harassment at work, consider speaking with an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorney<\/a>. They can help you understand the specific remedies and protections to which you\u2019re entitled.<\/p>\r\n<p>In the meantime, we\u2019ll dispel some common misunderstandings about workplace sexual harassment. We\u2019ll also provide you with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/dealing-with-discrimination-tips-for-employees.html\">resources <\/a>and information you\u2019ll want to keep in mind as you preserve your well-being and figure out next steps. Let\u2019s begin by clarifying what this type of harassment is.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Sexual Harassment<\/h2>\r\n<p>Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/civil-rights-overview\/what-is-discrimination.html\">Discrimination <\/a>is the unfair treatment of someone based on a protected characteristic like sex or gender. Harassment is a type of discrimination. It\u2019s unwanted conduct that intimidates, offends, degrades, or humiliates someone.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sexual harassment involves unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature. This sexual misconduct can occur in various verbal and\/or physical forms. For example:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Inappropriate sexual comments<\/li>\r\n<li>Unwanted touching\/advances<\/li>\r\n<li>Sexist slurs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>When the harassment involves unwanted physical contact of a sexual nature, it\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-charges\/sexual-assault-overview.html\">sexual assault.<\/a> From groping to rape, all sexual assault is a form of sexual violence.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Sexual Harassment at Work<\/h2>\r\n<p>If the unwelcome conduct makes someone feel uncomfortable or unsafe at work, it\u2019s often considered workplace sexual harassment. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/sexual-harassment-what-is-it.html\">Sexual harassment <\/a>can happen in any job setting and can affect anyone, regardless of gender. It may come from co-workers, bosses, or even customers.<\/p>\r\n<p>Workplace sexual harassment can even occur online or outside of work if it affects professional relationships or the work environment.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are two main kinds of workplace sexual harassment:<\/p>\r\n<h3>Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/what-is-quid-pro-quo-harassment.html\">Quid pro quo sexual harassment<\/a> happens when someone in a position of power offers job benefits in exchange for sexual favors or conduct of a sexual nature. If the person refuses, they might face negative consequences, like being fired or demoted.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, a supervisor might tell an employee that if they go out with him, he\u2019ll make sure they get a promotion.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/what-constitutes-a-hostile-work-environment\/\">Hostile work environment<\/a> harassment is the other type. It occurs when the unwelcome sexual behavior is severe or frequent enough that it creates an intimidating or oppressive work atmosphere. Essentially, the offensive conduct interferes with someone\u2019s ability to do their job effectively.<\/p>\r\n<p>This form of harassment doesn&#8217;t have to be directly aimed at the person feeling harassed. And it doesn&#8217;t have to come from someone in power. It can be from coworkers or even clients.<\/p>\r\n<p>For instance, a co-worker repeatedly tags a colleague in sexually suggestive memes or comments on social media posts visible to other colleagues. The behavior continues despite the embarrassed and uncomfortable colleague\u2019s requests to stop.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sexual harassment of any kind can affect a person\u2019s employment and interfere with their work performance.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Is Workplace Sexual Harassment Illegal?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Generally, yes.<\/p>\r\n<p>The main federal law that protects against employment discrimination is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/title-vii-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-equal-employment.html\">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 <\/a>(Title VII). This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/overview-of-employment-and-anti-discrimination-laws.html\">anti-discrimination law<\/a> prohibits employment discrimination based on sex, which includes sexual harassment. It also prohibits workplace discrimination based on:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/racial-discrimination-in-the-workplace.html\">Race<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Color<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/religion-in-the-workplace.html#:~:text=What%20Is%20Religious%20Discrimination%3F\">Religion<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/national-origin-discrimination.html\">National origin<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Title VII\u2019s ban on workplace <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/gender-discrimination.html\">sex\/gender discrimination<\/a> also includes conduct targeting gender identity, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/sexual-orientation-discrimination-in-the-workplace.html\">sexual orientation<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/pregnancy-discrimination-in-the-workplace.html\">pregnancy<\/a>. This means workplace harassment based on any of these protected characteristics is workplace sexual harassment.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, let&#8217;s say a manager pressures a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/transgender-employee-issues.html\">transgender <\/a>employee to dress according to their biological sex at birth in exchange for continued employment. This is an example of quid pro quo harassment <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/gay-and-lesbian-rights-sexual-orientation-discrimination.html\">on the basis of gender identity<\/a>. As such, it\u2019s an example of sexual harassment prohibited by Title VII.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Title VII Application<\/h2>\r\n<p>Title VII prohibits employers from engaging in sexual harassment or any other type of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/discrimination-overview.html\">employment discrimination <\/a>against employees and job applicants. This extends to all aspects of the employment relationship, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/hiring-process\/legal-rights-during-the-hiring-process.html\">Hiring<\/a>\/firing<\/li>\r\n<li>Job reassignments<\/li>\r\n<li>Promotions<\/li>\r\n<li>Working conditions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>For example, a job applicant arrives for an interview and hears male employees\u2019 loud, sexually explicit comments about her appearance. During the interview, the hiring manager repeatedly makes unwelcome sexual advances at her and suggests her attractiveness would benefit the company. While touring the office, the manager shows the applicant sexually suggestive posters in common areas. He jokes that it&#8217;s part of the company culture and reasons that sexual desire is natural.<\/p>\r\n<p>This is an example of <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/hostile-work-environment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hostile work environment<\/a> sexual harassment. This conduct is likely severe and frequent enough, even though it occurs in a single interview. It can create an intimidating and offensive workplace environment.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Employer Obligations<\/h3>\r\n<p>Title VII applies to employers with 15 or more employees. It prohibits these employers from engaging in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/employment-discrimination.html\">discrimination<\/a>, including sexual harassment.<\/p>\r\n<p>It also requires them to:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Ensure that sexual harassment isn\u2019t tolerated in the workplace<\/li>\r\n<li>Quickly and fairly investigate sexual harassment complaints<\/li>\r\n<li>Take prompt action to stop the harassment and prevent its recurrence<\/li>\r\n<li>Prevent retaliation against people who report harassment and discrimination<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission<\/a> (EEOC) enforces these Title VII obligations.<\/p>\r\n<h2>State Law<\/h2>\r\n<p>Many states have their own anti-discrimination and harassment laws that offer stronger protections than Title VII.<\/p>\r\n<p>For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilga.gov\/legislation\/ilcs\/ilcs5.asp?ActID=2266\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Illinois law<\/a> requires employers to provide annual sexual harassment prevention training and establish written sexual harassment policies. The law applies to all employers in the state, regardless of size.<\/p>\r\n<p>At a minimum, however, Title VII still applies to most employers in all states with 15+ employees.<\/p>\r\n<h2>If You\u2019re Facing Workplace Sexual Harassment<\/h2>\r\n<p>Despite these federal and state laws, sexual harassment continues to occur in workplaces across the country. Victims of sexual harassment generally have several options. They can range from filing a report with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources.html\">employer\u2019s human resources office<\/a> to taking private legal action. An experienced employment law attorney can help you sort through them.<\/p>\r\n<p>In the meantime:<\/p>\r\n<h3>Gather Supporting Information<\/h3>\r\n<p>Document everything. Keep detailed records of the unwelcome behavior. Collect communications like emails, text messages, and other related communications. Documentation of attempts made to address the harassment can also be helpful.<\/p>\r\n<h3>File Agency Charges<\/h3>\r\n<p>In most cases, you\u2019ll need to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/filing-an-eeoc-complaint-or-charge.html\">file a charge with the EEOC <\/a>before you can sue. This generally applies to most discrimination claims and retaliation claims related to discrimination.<\/p>\r\n<p>State law may also mandate filing with state agencies to preserve certain claims. In Illinois, for example, you have the option to file your sexual harassment claim with the EEOC or the state to preserve your right to sue. The <a href=\"https:\/\/hrc.illinois.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Illinois Human Rights Commission<\/a> serves as the state&#8217;s forum for litigating discrimination complaints. Depending on the circumstances and remedies sought, one agency may better serve your needs than the other.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Speak With Human Resources<\/h3>\r\n<p>In some cases, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources.html\">your human resources department <\/a>may be able to help. But if you lack trust in the internal complaint process, going directly to the EEOC might be a better option. Similarly, you may want to file a complaint with the EEOC right away if you fear retaliation at work.<\/p>\r\n<p>For these and other strategic reasons, you\u2019ll probably want to touch base with an employment attorney before taking action.<\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Getting Legal Advice<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p>State agencies and the EEOC typically work with strict deadlines. Filing an agency charge might not provide you with the remedies you\u2019re seeking. But it\u2019s often necessary to preserve your ability to pursue certain legal claims.<\/p>\r\n<p>As a result, it\u2019s highly advisable you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/legal-help-and-resources\/using-an-employment-attorney.html\">speak with an employment attorney<\/a> sooner rather than later. They can help you understand the range of remedies and protections available to you.<\/p>\r\n<p>The best course of action for you will depend heavily on your jurisdiction and your specific situation. So, you\u2019ll want to consult someone experienced with the laws of your state.<\/p>\r\n<p>Fortunately, <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Findlaw\u2019s directory of employment attorneys <\/a>is arranged geographically. Just click on your state and city to connect with local experts. A trusted advocate will be instrumental as you move forward.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n             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