{"id":357774,"date":"2022-01-03T12:08:37","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T17:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/employment\/legal-help-and-resources\/can-i-sue-employer-for-verbal-abuse.html"},"modified":"2024-01-23T09:38:06","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T14:38:06","slug":"can-i-sue-employer-for-verbal-abuse","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/legal-help-and-resources\/can-i-sue-employer-for-verbal-abuse.html","title":{"rendered":"Can I Sue My Employer for Verbal Abuse?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Can I Sue My Employer for Verbal Abuse?<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/steven-ellison-esq\/\">Steven Ellison, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 23, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>You may be able to sue your employer for verbal abuse if it creates a hostile work environment or qualifies as illegal discrimination. In some cases, you might also have a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress if the abuse is extreme and causes severe harm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Yes, you may be able to sue your employer for verbal abuse. Although state law generally doesn&#8217;t recognize it as a separate cause of action, in some cases, verbal abuse can constitute illegal workplace discrimination under state and federal law. If the verbal abuse is severe and outrageous enough, you may also be able to sue for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress.html\" target=\"_self\">intentional infliction of emotional distress<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>We discuss this claim in another article on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-for-harassment-.html\" target=\"_self\">workplace harassment<\/a>, but we will go over the basics in this article.<\/p>\r\n<p>A lawsuit against your employer for verbal abuse is generally considered an employment law case.&nbsp;Because these cases are complex, it\u2019s important to consult a local&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorney<\/a> to understand your rights and options. An experienced attorney can review the specifics of your situation and advise on the next best steps to protect your interests.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What Is Verbal Abuse?<\/h2>\r\n<p>In general, verbal abuse is the use of words to cause someone else harm. It can be hard to define, but we all know it when we see it.<\/p>\r\n<p>Verbal abuse can include the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Name-calling<\/li>\r\n<li>Shouting<\/li>\r\n<li>Insults and other offensive language<\/li>\r\n<li>Intimidation<\/li>\r\n<li>Slurs<\/li>\r\n<li>Harassment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Some employers may use their perceived position of authority to mistreat subordinates or coworkers. What may be worse is that victims of verbal abuse often blame themselves and are reluctant to take action to make the abuse stop.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Verbal Abuse Causes Real Harm<\/h2>\r\n<p>Over time, verbal abuse can lead to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3884002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant health problems<\/a>. These can include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Depression<\/li>\r\n<li>Stress<\/li>\r\n<li>PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)<\/li>\r\n<li>Anxiety<\/li>\r\n<li>Other psychological distress<\/li>\r\n<li>Physical health symptoms (e.g., insomnia, high blood pressure, headaches, etc.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Verbal abuse in the workplace can have a profound impact on more than just an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/employee-satisfaction-and-running-a-successful-business.html\">employee&#8217;s morale<\/a>. But there are steps you can take to make it stop, and if it doesn&#8217;t, you may be able to get legal relief.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Verbal Abuse as Employment Discrimination<\/h2>\r\n<p>In some instances, verbal abuse can be illegal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/employment-discrimination.html\">employment discrimination<\/a>. Employment discrimination violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other federal and state discrimination laws.<\/p>\r\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)<\/a>, illegal discrimination is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/youth\/harassment-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unwelcome conduct<\/a> (including verbal abuse) based upon one of the following protected characteristics:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Race<\/li>\r\n<li>Religion<\/li>\r\n<li>National origin<\/li>\r\n<li>Sex (including pregnancy, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity)<\/li>\r\n<li>Age (beginning at 40)<\/li>\r\n<li>Disability<\/li>\r\n<li>Genetic information<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These categories are called protected classes. In many states, other characteristics, such as marital status, are also protected.<\/p>\r\n<p>It&#8217;s not enough to show the isolated or even the occasional rude, bullying, or even racist comment. Your employer can be inconsiderate without violating the law. But verbal abuse in the workplace becomes illegal employment discrimination if it creates what&#8217;s called a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/small-business\/employers-what-is-a-hostile-work-environment\/\">hostile work environment<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Verbal Abuse Can Create a Hostile Work Environment<\/h3>\r\n<p>To establish a hostile work environment, you must show that your employer&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">verbally abused you based upon a protected trait and that the abuse was so severe and pervasive that a reasonable person would consider the work environment hostile, intimidating, or abusive. This may sound somewhat circular \u2014 it&#8217;s a hostile work environment if it&#8217;s a hostile work environment \u2014 but that&#8217;s the legal standard.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>If you prove you&#8217;re in a hostile work environment, your employer is automatically liable for any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/what-are-compensatory-damages.html\" target=\"_self\">damages<\/a> you suffer (see below) unless they can show:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>They reasonably tried to promptly correct the harassing behavior (which is not likely if your abuser is your boss)<\/li>\r\n<li>You unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventative or corrective opportunities provided by them (such as filing a complaint with human resources)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Filing a Claim for Verbal Abuse: An EEOC Charge<\/h3>\r\n<p>Even if you are experiencing a hostile work environment, you first have to file what&#8217;s called a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/filing-charge-discrimination\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">charge of discrimination with the EEOC<\/a> (or a state agency with enforcement authority). A charge is a signed statement that asserts that your boss engaged in employment discrimination and asks that the EEOC step in and help.<\/p>\r\n<p>There are time limits. Although there are certain exceptions, it&#8217;s safest to file as soon as possible, certainly within 180 days from the date of the abuse, unless <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">your lawyer<\/a> specifically tells you otherwise. You can lose your legal options by waiting too long.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Filing a Claim for Verbal Abuse: EEOC Action<\/h3>\r\n<p>Once the EEOC receives a charge, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/employment-discrimination\/eeoc-s-charge-processing-procedures.html\">investigates<\/a>. If it believes the verbal abuse created an illegal hostile work environment, it will notify you in writing of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/legal-help-and-resources\/-can-i-sue-my-employer-.html\">right to sue<\/a>. You then have 90 days in which to bring a lawsuit.<\/p>\r\n<p>If it finds your charge credible, the EEOC may try to get you and your employer to resolve your dispute through a voluntary process called conciliation. If the parties agree to settle, you don&#8217;t need to go to court.<\/p>\r\n<p>But if you can&#8217;t work it out, the EEOC then has a decision to make. It can either sue your employer in federal court, or it can close your case. If it closes your case, you would then have 90 days in which to bring your own lawsuit.<\/p>\r\n<p>These time limits are critical, so don&#8217;t lose sight of them.<\/p>\r\n<h2>You Can Recover Damages for A Hostile Work Environment<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you can show you were a victim of workplace verbal abuse, you may be able to recover money for three categories of what are called <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/damages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">damages<\/a>:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/what-are-compensatory-damages.html\">Compensatory damages<\/a> (money to compensate you for the harm you suffered)<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/personal-injury\/when-can-you-sue-for-punitive-damages\/\">Punitive damages<\/a> (money designed to punish the wrongdoer for particularly outrageous behavior)<\/li>\r\n<li>Attorneys&#8217; fees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>As you can see, this all gets quite complicated. If you believe you may have been subjected to unlawful workplace discrimination and want to get legal advice about your rights, you should consider consulting an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced employment lawyer<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress<\/h2>\r\n<p>You may also be able to sue your employer under state law for verbal abuse that results in severe emotional distress. To prove what is called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress.html\">intentional infliction of emotional distress<\/a>, you must show:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Your employer acted intentionally or recklessly<\/li>\r\n<li>The verbal abuse was extreme and outrageous<\/li>\r\n<li>The verbal abuse caused you emotional distress<\/li>\r\n<li>The distress you suffered was severe (in some states, you have to show you suffered physical, not just emotional, harm)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Courts can award compensatory damages, which can include not just emotional distress damages but also, among other things, lost wages for the time you were unable to work and your medical bills. If your employer&#8217;s conduct is particularly bad, you may be able to recover punitive damages.<\/p>\r\n<p>Seek legal advice from a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a> if you want to learn more about a state law emotional distress lawsuit and whether going to court makes sense for you. Most offer a free consultation.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Don&#8217;t Put Up With Verbal Abuse From Your Employer<\/h2>\r\n<p>If you are a victim of verbal abuse, there are steps you can and should take.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Tell Your Boss to Stop<\/h3>\r\n<p>You may just want it to stop. The first step is to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/legal-help-and-resources\/protecting-the-rights-of-workers.html\">tell your boss<\/a>, firmly but politely, to knock it off. Bullies often back down if you stand your ground. It&#8217;s also possible that your boss may be being abusive without even realizing it (for example, some people don&#8217;t appreciate just how harmful sarcasm can be).<\/p>\r\n<p>In either case, if you point out to your boss that they&#8217;re being <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/workplace-bullying.html\">verbally abusive<\/a> and ask that they stop, they may stop without the need for any further action on your part.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Go Over Your Boss&#8217;s Head<\/h3>\r\n<p>If that doesn&#8217;t work, the next step is to go over your boss&#8217;s head. In a small company, that may involve reporting the behavior of their supervisor or even the company owner.<\/p>\r\n<p>Larger companies generally have human resource departments. You could contact the human resources department and explain your circumstances. They typically will investigate your complaint and take appropriate action. They don&#8217;t want a lawsuit (or a good employee to quit), so they will likely take you seriously.<\/p>\r\n<p>It&#8217;s illegal for your employer to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/losing-a-job\/retaliation-and-wrongful-termination.html\">retaliate against you<\/a> for complaining about unlawful workplace bullying, abuse, and harassment. If they do, you can sue for wrongful termination. Remember that you are better served in court if you have given your employer the chance to take corrective action before you file a lawsuit.<\/p>\r\n<h2>If Verbal Abuse in the Workplace Doesn&#8217;t Stop, Consult a Lawyer<\/h2>\r\n<p>If none of these steps work, consider getting legal advice from an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment attorney<\/a>. You may have no choice but to file a charge with the EEOC or an appropriate state agency, and a lawyer can help guide you through this process. You will also want to have a good law firm in your corner if you&#8217;re unhappy with the EEOC&#8217;s resolution and you want to take legal action.<\/p>\r\n<p>Not every boss is kind and gentle. Sometimes, they say or do offensive or hurtful things. Unfortunately, much of that is to be expected. But sometimes, they cross a line.<\/p>\r\n<p>If they do, don&#8217;t tolerate mistreatment or other workplace harassment. 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