{"id":357866,"date":"2016-04-04T10:45:32","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/paycheck-deductions-and-wage-garnishment.html"},"modified":"2025-03-24T13:29:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T18:29:00","slug":"paycheck-deductions-and-wage-garnishment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/paycheck-deductions-and-wage-garnishment.html","title":{"rendered":"Paycheck Deductions and Wage Garnishment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Paycheck Deductions and Wage Garnishment<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/natalie-moritz\/\">Natalie Moritz<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">Chris Meyers, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            March 24, 2025\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>Paycheck deductions and wage garnishments involve withholding a portion of an employee&#8217;s earnings, often due to debts like unpaid taxes, child support, or student loans. Federal and state laws set limits on how much can be garnished and protect employees from job termination due to garnishment. <\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Paycheck deductions are amounts withheld from an employee&#8217;s pay. This includes things like approved pension contributions and health care expenses. Wage garnishment laws allow a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/garnishment-of-wages.html\">creditor who obtains a court order<\/a>&nbsp;to require your employer to set aside part of your paycheck and send this directly to your creditor. Paycheck deductions and wage garnishments are regulated by federal and state laws, with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Department of Labor<\/a>&nbsp;providing essential guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>If your paycheck is garnished, you likely have concerns and should understand your rights and options. A local <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment attorney<\/a> can assess the legality of the garnishment and help you explore your options.<\/p>\n<p>This article details what you need to know about paycheck deductions and wage garnishment. Keep reading to learn more about:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Garnishment limits per pay period<\/li>\n<li>Types of debt that can result in garnishment<\/li>\n<li>How to get legal help<\/li>\n<li>And more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Wage Garnishment Process<\/h2>\n<p>To garnish a worker&#8217;s wages, a creditor usually must obtain a court judgment. The judgment must state that they&#8217;re owed money or that the worker has defaulted on a debt. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/garnishment-of-wages.html\">Wage garnishment orders<\/a> are usually the result of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unpaid taxes<\/li>\n<li>Defaulted student loans<\/li>\n<li>Defaulted credit card debt<\/li>\n<li>Unpaid child support (arrears)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If a judge approves a wage garnishment order, you&#8217;ll generally receive some type of written notice. This document should contain information about the appeals process. If you want to appeal the garnishment order, you may need to do so quickly. If you want assistance in this process, you may want to seek out the help of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/labor-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an experienced labor attorney<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Limits on Wage Garnishment<\/h2>\n<p>The federal&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/consumer\/credit-banking-finance\/truth-in-lending-disclosure-statements.html\">Consumer Credit Protection Act<\/a>&nbsp;(CCPA) limits the amount an employee&#8217;s wages can be garnished. These limits apply to most personal earnings. Personal earnings include wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, and pension or retirement income.<\/p>\n<p>The CCPA also protects employees <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/losing-a-job\/employee-rights-after-a-job-termination.html\">from termination<\/a> because of a single garnishment. But, it doesn&#8217;t protect an employee from firing because of multiple or subsequent garnishments.<\/p>\n<p>Specific limits depend on the type of garnishment. Keep reading to find the varying maximum amounts.<\/p>\n<h2>Ordinary Garnishment<\/h2>\n<p>Ordinary garnishments are those&nbsp;not&nbsp;executed for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/divorce\/alimony.html\">alimony,<\/a>&nbsp;bankruptcy, taxes, or debts to the federal government, such as student loans.<\/p>\n<p>Many employees wonder if garnishment limits are based on pre-tax or post-tax earnings. Garnishment applies to your net income. This is the amount of your income left after required deductions such as taxes and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/socialsecurity\/basics\/what-is-the-social-security-tax-rate.html\">Social Security contributions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Earnings contributed to deductions not required by law, such as contributions to a pension or life insurance policy, still count as part of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/tax\/federal-taxes\/what-is-gross-income-.html\">gross income<\/a>. This is the case even if they&#8217;re removed directly from your paycheck.<\/p>\n<p>For ordinary garnishment, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fact-sheets\/30-cppa#:~:text=For%20ordinary%20garnishments%20(i.e.%2C%20those,the%20federal%20minimum%20wage%20(currently\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">weekly garnishment amount<\/a>&nbsp;may not exceed the&nbsp;lesser&nbsp;of:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>25% of the employee&#8217;s disposable earnings; or<\/li>\n<li>The amount of an employee&#8217;s disposable income that is greater than 30 times the federal minimum wage (at a federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour in 2025, this amount is $217.50)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Student Loans and Federal Debts<\/h2>\n<p>Non-tax debts owed to the federal government are governed by separate laws with lower limits on what can be garnished. Government agencies\u2014or collections companies working for them\u2014are allowed to garnish up to 15% of a worker&#8217;s gross earnings for non-tax debts owed to the government.<\/p>\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Education<\/a>&nbsp;may also garnish up to 15% of gross earnings to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/bankruptcy\/debt-relief\/your-options-when-you-can-t-repay-student-loans.html\">repay defaulted federal student loans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Child and Spousal Support<\/h2>\n<p>The limits established by the CCPA for ordinary garnishment don&#8217;t apply to garnishments for child or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/divorce\/spousal-support-alimony-basics.html\">spousal support<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Up to 50% of gross income can be garnished for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/child-support\/child-support-overview.html\">child support<\/a>&nbsp;if the worker is supporting a current spouse or child who isn&#8217;t the subject of the child support order. If the worker isn&#8217;t supporting another spouse or child, up to 60% of gross income can be garnished. An extra 5% can be taken if support payments are more than 12 weeks behind.<\/p>\n<h2>Paycheck Deductions<\/h2>\n<p>Some employers may take paycheck deductions in addition to garnishments paid to third parties.&nbsp;Federal law&nbsp;prevents some types of deductions when they would reduce an employee&#8217;s wage below the minimum wage.<\/p>\n<p>Under the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/fair-labor-standards-act.html\">Fair Labor Standards Act<\/a>, an employer may not deduct the cost of items that are primarily for the benefit of the employer, such as uniforms or tools, if this causes the employee&#8217;s wage to fall below minimum wage. For example, if it would cause an employee to make less than minimum wage, an employer may not:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Make an employee reimburse an employer for a damaged tool or cash shortage<\/li>\n<li>Require that employees pay for customers who walk out on bills<\/li>\n<li>Require an employee to purchase or maintain tools or uniforms for the job<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the deductions don&#8217;t result in an employee making less than minimum wage, they aren&#8217;t prohibited by federal law.<\/p>\n<h2>Get Legal Help With Paycheck Deductions and Wage Garnishment<\/h2>\n<p>If your income is subject to wage garnishments or you&#8217;re experiencing questionable paycheck deductions, you&#8217;ll want to learn about your rights under the law. Thankfully, legal advice is available.<\/p>\n<p>Contact a qualified&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment attorney<\/a> in your area to learn more about how federal and state laws apply to your situation. Your attorney can ensure you are not subject to illegal or excessive garnishment and can advise you on strategies to protect your income.<\/p>\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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