{"id":357982,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/contracts-law.html"},"modified":"2023-09-19T14:21:14","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T19:21:14","slug":"contracts-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/contracts-law.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is Contracts Law?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is Contracts Law?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            September 19, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <div>\n<div id=\"qUEGWRBgZwsPdtdGb3Y2Y-content-0\">\n<p>Contract law governs the creation, interpretation, and enforcement of agreements between two or more parties. It requires key elements\u2014like mutual assent, consideration, and legal capacity\u2014to ensure a contract is valid and enforceable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether drafting an agreement or resolving a dispute, understanding contract law helps individuals and businesses protect their rights and avoid costly conflicts. All business operations require contracts. Employment contracts, operating agreements, and purchase orders are all necessary contracts.<\/p>\n<p>There are strict requirements on what you must include in a legal contract to avoid litigation or confusion. This is where an attorney&#8217;s help is especially valuable. A <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/contracts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contracts lawyer<\/a> near you can ensure your contract is legally enforceable and includes all required terms. Keep reading to learn more about this area of law and how it impacts your business and everyday life.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a Contract?<\/h2>\n<p>A contract is an agreement between two parties who have agreed to carry out certain obligations to each other. Contracts may be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/what-contracts-are-required-to-be-in-writing.html\">verbal or written<\/a>\u00a0and involve simple tasks or complex multinational trade mergers.<\/p>\n<p>All contracts, big or small, must contain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/contract-terms-checklist.html\">key terms and elements<\/a> to be enforceable:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mutual assent between the parties:<\/b> This must be indicated by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/what-is-an-offer.html\">valid\u00a0offer<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0acceptance. All parties must agree to the contract terms and obligations.<\/li>\n<li><b>Consideration:<\/b>\u00a0A contract requires one party to do something in exchange for payment from the other party. Consideration does not need to be monetary, but it must be comparable to the other party&#8217;s obligation.<\/li>\n<li><b>Awareness of the contract:<\/b>\u00a0Both parties must know they&#8217;re agreeing to a contract. This sounds obvious, but many contract disputes occur because one side sends an offer to the other before taking\u00a0an equivocal response for acceptance.<\/li>\n<li><b>A\u00a0legally\u00a0enforceable contract:<\/b>\u00a0Both the subject of the contract and the payment or consideration must be legal. Nothing prevents criminals from creating a contractual agreement, but it is not enforceable by a court.<\/li>\n<li><b>Capacity<\/b>:\u00a0All parties must be mentally and legally able to agree to the terms of the agreement. Minors can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/do-s-and-don-ts-contracts-terms.html\">agree to a contract<\/a>, but the terms are unenforceable against them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Types of Contracts<\/h2>\n<p>All contracts are legal documents. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/what-contracts-are-required-to-be-in-writing.html\">Oral contracts<\/a> are legally binding. They merely lack the\u00a0documentary\u00a0portion. The contract may be enforceable if the parties agree to a performance and a payment. If you believe you have an oral contract and may need help enforcing it, you should immediately see a contract attorney.<\/p>\n<p>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/contract-negotiation-and-writing-tips.html\">write some types of contracts yourself<\/a> using online templates. Many legal services offer these templates for contract drafting purposes. You should still have them reviewed by an attorney for legality. Things to note:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Partnership agreements<\/b> and other business contracts feature pages of boilerplate language required by state law. If you can take this from internet resources, you can save time and possible errors.<\/li>\n<li><b>Employment agreements<\/b> should contain a job description, pay rate, and other job-related information. You may wish to include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/what-is-a-non-disclosure-agreement-nda.html\">nondisclosure agreements<\/a> or attach those to the main contract.<\/li>\n<li><b>Real estate contracts<\/b> include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/buying-a-home\/home-sale-contracts.html\">sales agreements<\/a>, rental contracts, and transfer deeds. You should have them reviewed by an independent attorney, no matter who drafted the original contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When You Need a\u00a0Contract Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>There are times you shouldn&#8217;t do it yourself. When you&#8217;re establishing a new business or facing legal action, you need legal assistance. These situations need someone with experience in the area of law and in contract review and negotiation to protect your interests, and can likely be done for a flat fee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/attorney-fees-and-agreements\/what-does-it-mean-to-have-a-lawyer-on-retainer.html\">or a retainer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Business Formation<\/h3>\n<p>Whether you&#8217;re a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/what-is-a-sole-proprietor.html\">sole proprietor<\/a> or a new <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/write-a-partnership-agreement.html\">partnership<\/a>, business formation is more complicated than building a website and running some ads. Many entrepreneurs thought their idea was a sure thing and found they were violating laws and regulations everywhere.<\/p>\n<p>The safe thing to do is to <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/business-commercial-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consult a business law attorney<\/a> who can explain how to file articles of incorporation, fill out your business license and rental agreements, and complete all your contracts so your partners and vendors know what they&#8217;re doing. This ensures that your startup has a chance to generate income.<\/p>\n<h3>Contract Negotiations<\/h3>\n<p>Contract negotiations are when parties hash out the terms and conditions of their agreement. Negotiations include prices, delivery dates, amounts, and whether litigation or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/adr\/arbitration\/what-is-arbitration.html\">arbitration<\/a> will settle disputes.<\/p>\n<p>Even negotiations between small businesses are complicated. Contract negotiations between large companies can involve teams of business contract lawyers and take weeks or months to resolve. Since mutual assent is essential for a final contract, both sides must agree on terms. Having the right lawyer on your side <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-lawyer-resources\/when-do-i-need-a-business-lawyer-for-my-small-business.html\">helps avoid future legal matters<\/a> with contract interpretation.<\/p>\n<h3>Commercial Litigation<\/h3>\n<p>Commercial litigation often involves\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/business-contracts-forms\/breach-of-contract-and-lawsuits.html\">breach of contract<\/a>\u00a0allegations. Breach of contract claims can stem from a number of causes but break down into three basic types:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Failure to perform:<\/b>\u00a0One party does not perform its duties according to the contract. For instance, you shipped your product, and the other party did not pay.<\/li>\n<li><b>Anticipatory breach:<\/b>\u00a0One party believes the other party will not perform, so it cancels its own performance. You wanted to ship your product but then learned that the other party had declared bankruptcy. You delayed shipment until you knew they could pay you.<\/li>\n<li><b>Partial breach:<\/b>\u00a0One party performed its duties but did not fully conform with the contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A breach may be material &#8211;\u00a0a serious breach of the contract &#8211;\u00a0or immaterial. For instance, if the product should have arrived Tuesday afternoon and it arrived Wednesday morning, that would be an immaterial breach. If it should have arrived Tuesday and didn&#8217;t arrive until Wednesday of the following week, that would be a material breach.<\/p>\n<h3>Other Types of Contract Review<\/h3>\n<p>Although most people think of\u00a0contracts\u00a0in terms of businesses and corporations, contract review is important in many other areas of law. Even if you have legal representation, you should consider having a contract lawyer review an agreement during litigation in other matters. Some areas\u00a0that might require an expert include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Family law:<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/family\/divorce\/settlement-agreements-and-court-approval.html\">Divorce settlement agreements<\/a>, custody agreements, and real estate division all involve contracts.<\/li>\n<li><b>Patents and trademarks:<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/intellectual-property.html\">Intellectual property<\/a> is not just computer software. Any invention or concept you create is your own and needs a copyright, which is a contractual agreement.<\/li>\n<li><b>Insurance and legal settlements:<\/b>\u00a0If you receive an insurance payout or settle a personal injury lawsuit, you&#8217;ll need someone to review the settlement agreement. This is especially true if you did not have legal help during the negotiations. Many insurance claims are settled without the help of a legal professional, but you should still have the agreement reviewed before signing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How To Find a Contract Business Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>If you need legal advice on a contract, you want someone with knowledge of the laws in your jurisdiction who knows the rules governing contracts in your state.<\/p>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s directory of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/contracts\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contracts lawyers<\/a> can connect you with contract experts near you. Start by entering your city or ZIP code for a list of legal professionals in your area. Your search results will also show ratings and contact information. Many law offices offer free consultations.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                             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class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                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     class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    An attorney can simplify the process for business contracts, estate planning, and real estate issues\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer&#8217;s help with drafting, reviewing, and negotiating agreements can prevent future disputes\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Minor <span data-term-id=\"56393319\">legal issues<\/span>, like traffic tickets or name changes, can often be handled on your own\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<p>Most legal situations can benefit from an attorney\u2019s guidance. 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