{"id":357995,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/election-campaign-and-political-law.html"},"modified":"2024-02-22T15:58:29","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T20:58:29","slug":"election-campaign-and-political-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/election-campaign-and-political-law.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is Election Campaign and Political Law?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is Election Campaign and Political Law?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            February 22, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>Election campaign, and <span data-term-id=\"56382054\">political law<\/span> governs how candidates run for office, how campaigns raise and spend money, and how voting rights are protected. These rules cover everything from <span data-term-id=\"56382100\">campaign funds<\/span> and lobbying to ballot <span data-term-id=\"56382062\">initiatives<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"56382059\">redistricting<\/span> challenges.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Election, campaign, and <span data-term-id=\"56382054\">political law<\/span> covers various rules and regulations, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"56382050\">Campaign finance<\/span> and advertising<\/li>\n<li>Procedural voting requirements<\/li>\n<li><span data-term-id=\"56382061\">Government ethics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unless you\u2019re\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civic-engagement\/making-sense-of-local-government\/how-to-run-for-mayor.html\">running for public office<\/a>\u00a0or involved in a <span data-term-id=\"56382057\">political campaign<\/span>, you probably won\u2019t need the help of an attorney specializing in this area. But voting rights affect virtually everyone. Whether you are trying to vote or wish to contribute to a <span data-term-id=\"56382057\">political campaign<\/span>, it\u2019s important to understand\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work.html\"><span data-term-id=\"56382051\">election laws<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This article explains how voters, advocates, and potential candidates can navigate the <span data-term-id=\"56382075\">political process<\/span>. You\u2019ll also learn how to ensure your participation meets state and federal requirements. <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/election-campaign-political-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legal advice is available<\/a> if you are unsure of how the rules apply to your situation.<\/p>\n<h2>Running for Office<\/h2>\n<p>To be part of the <span data-term-id=\"56382075\">political process<\/span>, there are many rules you must follow. Most candidates are members of organized <span data-term-id=\"56382053\">political parties<\/span>. But some decide to run as independent candidates.<\/p>\n<p>No matter what type of campaign, you must comply with all <span data-term-id=\"56382090\">ethics laws<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"56382069\">reporting requirements<\/span> for <span data-term-id=\"56382057\">political campaigns<\/span>. These rules ensure all candidates report their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/analysis-of-campaign-finance-laws-by-state.html\"><span data-term-id=\"56382081\">campaign contributions<\/span> and expenditures<\/a>. The results are public information.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re considering running for office, speaking with an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/election-campaign-political-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attorney familiar with the election and campaign process<\/a> may be helpful.<\/p>\n<h2>Establishing Political Organizations<\/h2>\n<p>If you want to start your own <span data-term-id=\"56382053\">political party<\/span> or other political organization, there are many steps you must take. It may be best to <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/election-campaign-political-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hire an attorney<\/a> with knowledge of the <span data-term-id=\"56382075\">political process<\/span> to help you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Start your organization<\/li>\n<li>Decide on your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/how-to-write-a-mission-statement-for-a-nonprofit.html\">mission statement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/the-hiring-process.html\">Hire important staff <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You will want a communications director and a financial manager who can track <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/u-s-campaign-finance-laws.html\">campaign <span data-term-id=\"56382056\">fundraising<\/span><\/a> and audits.<\/p>\n<h2>Ballot <span data-term-id=\"56382062\">Initiatives<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some states allow citizens to bring issues straight to the voters.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-u-s-elections-work\/what-is-a-citizen-ballot-measure-.html\">Citizen ballot <span data-term-id=\"56382062\">initiatives<\/span><\/a>\u00a0usually need a certain number of signatures for an issue to appear on the ballot or for a state constitution to be amended.<\/p>\n<p>If you have an issue you\u2019re passionate about, consider organizing a group to bring it to the public. An attorney specializing in the <span data-term-id=\"56382075\">political process<\/span> could help.<\/p>\n<h2>Lobbying Rules<\/h2>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"56382064\">Lobbyists<\/span> are people who advocate for <span data-term-id=\"56382065\">elected officials<\/span> to pay attention to a certain issue or cause. Most <span data-term-id=\"56382064\">lobbyists<\/span> are located in Washington, D.C., but many also work with state legislatures in places like New York.<\/p>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"56382064\">Lobbyists<\/span> are governed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/gao-23-105989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995<\/a>. The Act requires <span data-term-id=\"56382064\">lobbyists<\/span> to register with Congress and report their activities.<\/p>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"56382064\">Lobbyists<\/span> can be employed by a specific group, like a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/how-to-form-a-non-profit.html\">non-profit<\/a>,\u00a0or may be part of <span data-term-id=\"56382070\">political action committees<\/span> (PACs). Some PACs advocate for a specific party or candidate. These have <span data-term-id=\"56382083\">contribution limitations<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>There are also <span data-term-id=\"56382063\">Super PACs<\/span>, which have no <span data-term-id=\"56382083\">contribution limits<\/span> but are only permitted to provide financial support for advertising. All types of PACs must file with the <span data-term-id=\"56382052\">Federal Election Commission<\/span> due to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/Federal_Election_Campaign_Act_of_1971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"56382060\">Federal Election Campaign Act<\/span> of 1971<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of the\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"56382102\">political activity<\/span>, attorneys knowledgeable about lobbying, <span data-term-id=\"56382055\">FEC<\/span>, and <span data-term-id=\"56382058\">campaign finance<\/span><span data-term-id=\"56382058\"> laws<\/span> will be extremely helpful to lobbying groups. They can also help you comply with the gift rules for members of Congress and <span data-term-id=\"56382073\">independent expenditures<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-term-id=\"56382073\">Independent expenditures<\/span> are contributions to a candidate that are not made through the candidate or their <span data-term-id=\"56382053\">political party<\/span>. For example, a group might <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fec.gov\/help-candidates-and-committees\/advertising-and-disclaimers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">create a campaign ad<\/a> advocating for or against electing a certain candidate.<\/p>\n<h2>Protecting Voting Rights<\/h2>\n<p>State governments operate elections for <span data-term-id=\"56382085\">federal offices<\/span> (such as the Senate, <span data-term-id=\"56382079\">House of Representatives<\/span>, and the Presidency) as well as <span data-term-id=\"56382101\">state elections<\/span>. For example, in some states, individuals with a felony conviction aren\u2019t allowed to vote. But in other states, they can.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/my-voting-guide\/felon-voting-laws-by-state.html\">Check your local <span data-term-id=\"56382084\">state laws<\/span><\/a>\u00a0for more information.<\/p>\n<p>The federal government has limited protections for voters. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/other-constitutional-rights\/the-voting-rights-act-of-1965-overview.html\"><span data-term-id=\"56382071\">Voting Rights Act<\/span> of 1965<\/a>\u00a0was meant to curb some states\u2019 systematic exclusion of minority voters. But many of the Act\u2019s protections were\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/12-96.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eliminated by the U.S. <span data-term-id=\"56382077\">Supreme Court<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in 2013.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the <span data-term-id=\"56382071\">Voting Rights Act<\/span> originally required states with a history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-do-i-protect-my-right-to-vote\/what-is-voter-suppression.html\">voter suppression<\/a> to seek federal approval before enacting changes to voting laws. But that requirement is no longer in place.<\/p>\n<p>More recent challenges to voting laws focus on issues like voter I.D. rules and <span data-term-id=\"56382059\">redistricting<\/span> (redrawing of voting districts). There\u2019s significant data to suggest that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting\/how-do-i-protect-my-right-to-vote-\/voter-suppression-and-voter-id-laws.html\">photo I.D. requirements can contribute to voter suppression<\/a>. But many <span data-term-id=\"56382084\">state laws<\/span> have been passed requiring voters to show an ID in order to vote.<\/p>\n<p>When state legislatures create voting districts that seem to benefit certain <span data-term-id=\"56382053\">political parties<\/span> or election campaigns, they may face challenges for illegal gerrymandering. Gerrymandering is the practice of drawing voting boundaries in a way that gives one political group an unfair advantage over others.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"56382077\">Supreme Court<\/span> ruling in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/spr-crt-us\/2234436.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Allen v. Milligan<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(2023) agreed that <span data-term-id=\"56382059\">redistricting<\/span> in Alabama violated the <span data-term-id=\"56382071\">Voting Rights Act<\/span>. But the <span data-term-id=\"56382077\">Supreme Court<\/span> ruling in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/spr-crt-us\/1939409.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Benisek v. Lamone<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(2018) found a challenge to <span data-term-id=\"56382059\">redistricting<\/span> in Maryland did not have merit.<\/p>\n<p>In general, state legislatures can draw district boundaries to benefit one <span data-term-id=\"56382053\">political party<\/span> or another. But <span data-term-id=\"56382059\">redistricting<\/span> based on other factors, such as race, is not allowed.<\/p>\n<p>If you believe your voting rights have been violated, contact your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/incorporation-and-legal-structures\/state-guide-secretary-of-state-websites.html\"><span data-term-id=\"56382104\">secretary of state<\/span>\u2019s office.\u00a0<\/a>You may also want to meet with a civil rights attorney or a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/do-you-need-a-lawyer\/legal-aid-resources.html\">legal aid clinic<\/a> to discuss your situation.<\/p>\n<h2>Engaging With Your Local Government? Get Legal Advice<\/h2>\n<p>Participating in the\u00a0<span data-term-id=\"56382075\">political process<\/span>\u00a0is an essential part of being a citizen. But there are many rules you must follow. Always confirm any election\u2011related information with a trusted official source. You can also talk to a local attorney for help.<\/p>\n<p>FindLaw\u2019s directory of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/election-campaign-political-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">election campaign and <span data-term-id=\"56382054\">political law<\/span> attorneys<\/a>\u00a0can get you started. Enter your city and state for a list of qualified legal advisors in your area. Your search will also share contact and ratings information. Then, reach out with your questions.<\/p>\n<h2>Related <span data-term-id=\"56382067\">Practice Areas<\/span> and Resources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/civil-rights-law.html\">Civil Rights Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/administrative-law.html\">Administrative Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/voting.html\">Voting Made Clear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights.html\">Civil Rights Information and Resource Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civic-engagement.html\">Civic Engagement<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i 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this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                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was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                             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