{"id":358022,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:21","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/labor-law.html"},"modified":"2026-02-12T16:25:00","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T21:25:00","slug":"labor-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/labor-law.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is Labor Law?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is Labor Law?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            February 12, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Labor law governs the relationship between employers and employees, setting standards for fair wages, safe working conditions, and lawful workplace practices. When disputes arise over wages, safety, or union rights, labor law provides the framework for resolving conflicts and holding employers accountable.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Labor law addresses issues such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Workers&#8217; compensation<\/li>\n<li>Workplace safety<\/li>\n<li>Fair hiring (and firing) practices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Labor law also protects employees from discrimination, harassment, and retaliatory actions. Additionally, it secures employees&#8217; rights to seek union representation and engage in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/collective-bargaining-process-overview.html\">collective bargaining agreements<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In short, labor law protects employee rights and holds employers accountable for complying with all federal and state laws.<\/p>\n<p>This article explains labor law and its protections. You&#8217;ll also learn how <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/labor-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">labor attorneys<\/a> help workers understand their rights and challenge unfair workplace practices.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Fair Labor Standards Act<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/flsa-reference-guide.html\">Fair Labor Standards Act\u00a0<\/a>(FLSA) determines what employers and labor unions negotiate for. The FLSA sets wages and hours, including overtime, across the country.<\/p>\n<p>The FLSA basic standards include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Minimum wage<\/b>: The federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. Many states have doubled this figure.<\/li>\n<li><b>Overtime pay<\/b>: Covered nonexempt workers must receive time-and-a-half pay for any hours worked over 40 hours per workweek.<\/li>\n<li><b>Child labor<\/b>: The laws allowing teenagers to work are strict. Employers who hire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/wage-and-hour-laws-for-minors-and-teens.html\">workers under 18<\/a> should consult an employment attorney before hiring juvenile workers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>FLSA standards are the minimum allowable. States may have higher wages, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/state-minimum-wage-laws.html\">but not lower<\/a>. The FLSA does not cover salaried employees (exempt employees), independent contractors, and workers in some specialized professions.<\/p>\n<h2><b>The National Labor Relations Act<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>In 1935, Congress passed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/guidance\/key-reference-materials\/national-labor-relations-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Labor Relations Act<\/a> (NLRA). This law established the government&#8217;s position in promoting collective bargaining and the freedom of workers to establish labor unions in the workplace.<\/p>\n<p>Although workers may have employment contracts, they still have more negotiating power in groups. In the past, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/employment-law-and-human-resources\/unions-basics.html\">workers&#8217; unions<\/a>\u00a0negotiated for better working conditions, higher pay, and regular hours. Unions also protect their members&#8217; legal rights. In cases of wrongful termination, workplace discrimination, or other legal issues, union members receive legal representation from their union. Eventually, legislators codified those demands into the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/what-is-the-nlrb.html\">National Labor Relations Board<\/a> (NLRB) oversees the NLRA and hears complaints against employers and labor organizations. The NLRB investigates charges of unfair labor practices before they go to litigation.<\/p>\n<p>Since labor unions <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/the-legal-history-of-labor-unions.html\">first gained power in the 1930s<\/a>, federal laws have described how employers must deal with unions, how unions are formed, and how unions are to be involved in bargaining agreements.<\/p>\n<p>Under the NLRA, workers can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/what-is-a-labor-union.html\">establish unions<\/a> and legally create safer workplaces. These include the right to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Form or join a labor organization<\/li>\n<li>Choose representatives for their organization<\/li>\n<li>Engage in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/collective-bargaining-process-overview.html\">collective bargaining<\/a> negotiations with employers for wages and benefits<\/li>\n<li>Refuse membership in a labor organization as a condition of employment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If employers violate the NLRA, employees may take legal action against them for unfair labor practices. These unfair practices include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interfering with the establishment of a labor union<\/li>\n<li>Discriminating against union members by threatening termination or layoffs<\/li>\n<li>Discharging or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/whistleblowers\/whistleblower-protections.html\">threatening whistleblowers<\/a> for testifying in union legal matters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The NLRA does not prohibit unions and employers from negotiating to require new employees to join the union as a condition of employment. This issue was left for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/what-are-right-to-work-laws.html\">state labor laws and &#8220;right-to-work&#8221; regulations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>State Labor Laws<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b> <\/b>States have their own\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/state\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">labor offices<\/a>\u00a0separate from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Each state may set its own rules on labor negotiations and other employment laws as long as they at least meet federal requirements.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Labor Laws and Right-to-Work<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>As originally written, the NLRA allowed businesses and unions to form <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/union-shops-closed-shops-and-the-law.html\">&#8220;closed shops.&#8221;<\/a> This meant that unions and employers could agree that any worker must be a union member. It also allowed businesses to fire anyone expelled from the union regardless of the reason.<\/p>\n<p>Later legislation, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/taft-hartley-act-overview.html\">Taft-Hartley Act<\/a>, prohibited closed shops. States could pass legislation forbidding contracts that required all workers to belong to a union and pay union dues.<\/p>\n<p>As of 2026, 26 states and the U.S. territory of Guam are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right-to-work states<\/a>. The remaining states still allow employers to require union membership. But many states, such as California, have used state laws to replace the benefits of collective bargaining, ensuring all workers receive equal representation in employment contracts.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Labor Laws Can Vary<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Labor laws vary by state. Federal law regulates how certain industries allow employees to organize. Independent contractors and workers in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/workers-compensation\/the-federal-employment-compensation-act.html\">federal employment<\/a> and management cannot form unions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/workers-compensation\/public-employees-and-workers-compensation.html\">Public service workers<\/a>, such as police and firefighters, have other employment issues. They need their own bargaining arrangements with the city or county that employs them.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Related Practice Areas<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Labor law often overlaps with the following practice areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Employment Law<\/b>: Labor law sets standards for employer and employee conduct in the workplace. It plays a major role in many employment law cases.<\/li>\n<li><b>Wage and Benefits Law<\/b>: Wage and benefits cases often look to labor law to determine the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/employment\/wages-and-benefits\/\">relevant minimum wage<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Education Law<\/b>: Teachers and other public sector employees are much more likely to be union members than other professions. Contracts negotiated with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/teachers-rights\/teachers-unions.html\">teachers&#8217; unions<\/a>\u00a0often have a significant impact on education policy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Get Legal Advice on a Labor Law Issue<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>If you need legal advice about any labor law question, contact a lawyer in your area. State and local rules greatly impact your legal matter, and you will need an attorney who knows these regulations.<\/p>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s directory of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/employment-law-employee\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employment law attorneys<\/a> can get you started. Enter your city or ZIP code for a list of qualified legal advisors in your area. Your search results will also show ratings and contact information. Many law offices offer free case evaluations.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                          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class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Workplace discrimination or harassment issues can benefit from a lawyer&#8217;s expertise\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    An attorney can challenge unfair labor practices and enforce contract rights\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Some employment legal issues can be solved without an attorney\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<p>Most legal situations can benefit from an attorney\u2019s guidance. 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