{"id":358033,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:21","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/medical-malpractice.html"},"modified":"2023-08-03T12:45:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T17:45:58","slug":"medical-malpractice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/medical-malpractice.html","title":{"rendered":"What is Medical Malpractice Law?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What is Medical Malpractice Law?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            August 03, 2023\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <div>\n<div id=\"n6mx8TaB9Sg9GPtocvN3z-content-0\">\n<p>Medical malpractice law addresses situations where doctors or other healthcare professionals fail to meet the accepted standard of medical care, resulting in patient harm. Because the standards are specialized and the legal process is complex, patients typically need an experienced medical malpractice attorney to evaluate their claim and pursue compensation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Medical malpractice, sometimes called medical negligence, occurs when doctors and medical professionals fall short of this standard of care. Healthcare providers must meet a different standard of duty and care than the average person in a negligence suit.<\/p>\n<p>These cases require proving that a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/medical-malpractice-liability.html\">health care provider\u2019s negligence<\/a> directly caused an injury, often through expert medical testimony.<\/p>\n<p>This article reviews the differences between a medical malpractice lawsuit and an ordinary negligence claim. You&#8217;ll also learn what a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/medical-malpractice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical malpractice attorney<\/a> does, and how to find the right type of lawyer for your malpractice claim.<\/p>\n<h2>Medical Malpractice Law<\/h2>\n<p>In many ways, a\u00a0medical malpractice suit is like a personal injury or other negligence suit. The plaintiff or patient must prove that the doctor breached their duty of care and an injury resulted from the negligence. The elements of both negligence and medical malpractice are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Duty of care by the practitioner<\/li>\n<li>Breach of the duty<\/li>\n<li>Causation<\/li>\n<li>Injury directly caused by the breach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The difference in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/first-steps-in-a-medical-malpractice-case.html\">medical malpractice claim<\/a> is that the medical practitioner must meet the expected\u00a0standard of other medical professionals in that specialty.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/car-accidents-faq.html\">car accident case<\/a>, a driver is only held to the standard of other average drivers, not that of NASCAR drivers or Formula One racers. A heart surgeon is held to the AMA standard of heart surgeons. If the doctor makes surgical errors, the question is not whether anyone could have made them, but whether another qualified surgeon would have done so.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Types of Medical Malpractice<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Medical malpractice takes many forms. The most common may be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499956\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical error.<\/a>\u00a0Whether or not\u00a0medical mistakes are a leading cause of death, as once thought, they cause increased pain and suffering for victims of medical malpractice. Other types of medical malpractice and negligence include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/birth-injury.html\">Birth injuries<\/a>, such as cerebral palsy, oxygen deprivation, and shoulder and neck injuries<\/li>\n<li>Surgical errors, including operating on the wrong organ, erroneous amputation, or leaving surgical equipment inside the body<\/li>\n<li>Anesthesia errors, over- or under-sedation, or anoxic-related injuries<\/li>\n<li>Failure to treat, either through misdiagnosis or improper assessment of the patient<\/li>\n<li>Specialty treatment errors, such as emergency room treatment, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-my-dentist.html\">dental and orthodontic treatment<\/a>, or physical therapy<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability.html\">Product liability<\/a>, including faulty scanning equipment, medication, and prosthetics<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/wrongful-death-plaintiff.html\">Wrongful death<\/a> that would have been\u00a0preventable by prompt treatment or earlier diagnosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Patients may also have medical malpractice cases against the hospital or the medical care team. For instance, if a doctor has a history of making small but significant errors and hospital administration knows of it, patients may have a claim against the hospital under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/vicarious-liability.html\">vicarious liability<\/a>\u00a0theory.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/healthcare\/patient-rights\/can-i-sue-for-a-hipaa-violation-.html\">Health Information Portability and Accountability Act\u00a0<\/a>(HIPAA) may be grounds for legal action. Medical records are confidential unless the patient permits in writing for their release.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>State Malpractice Laws<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Each state has its own medical malpractice laws. Laws vary on damage caps,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/time-limit-considerations-in-medical-malpractice-claims.html\">statutes of limitations<\/a>\u00a0for filing, and other requirements. Recent efforts at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/trend-medical-malpractice-tort-reform.html\">tort reform<\/a>\u00a0(filing and awarding verdicts) have changed state laws within the last few years. These changes have affected verdicts, insurance company payments, expert testimony, and damage caps.<\/p>\n<p>If you believe you have a malpractice claim, consult a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/medical-malpractice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical malpractice lawyer<\/a> as soon as possible.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What To Ask a Medical Malpractice Attorney<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>When you meet with a malpractice attorney for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/do-you-need-a-lawyer\/what-is-legal-advice.html\">legal advice<\/a>, you should ask some questions at the initial consultation. Not all personal injury attorneys handle every PI practice area. Asking upfront if they have experience in medical negligence cases will save both of you time and money.<\/p>\n<p>Questions you should ask during your case review include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What is the state statute of limitations on my case?<\/strong> In most states, the statute starts on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/time-limits-to-bring-a-case-the-statute-of-limitations.html\">date the injury happened or the date you found the injury<\/a>. If your medical treatment was two years ago and the statute is three years, you&#8217;re almost out of time to file your claim. But you might have more time if the treatment caused an injury you only discovered this week.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What will you need to prove my case?<\/strong> Ask what medical bills, reports, witness statements, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/product-liability\/case-preparation-issues.html\">other documentation you nee<\/a>d. Recent tort reform in some states has limited the number of expert witnesses in a medical malpractice case, so be sure you know what you need.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Do you work on a contingency fee basis?<\/strong> Most personal injury attorneys work under this system, which means they only get paid (from a percentage of your awarded damages) if they win. Medical malpractice attorneys usually do the same, but you should inquire before <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/attorney-fees-and-agreements\/what-does-it-mean-to-have-a-lawyer-on-retainer.html\">retaining their services<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The attorney should begin with a case evaluation to determine whether you have a winning case. An experienced medical malpractice attorney will let you know if your case should go to trial or if you should <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/tips-on-negotiating.html\">accept a settlement offer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Medical malpractice <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/medical-malpractice\/proving-fault-in-medical-malpractice-cases.html\">can be difficult to prove<\/a> because the facts in the case reflect the doctor&#8217;s professional opinion. Other medical experts must testify that they would have done something differently or that the doctor or hospital provided a substandard level of care.<\/p>\n<h2>Find a Medical Malpractice Attorney Near You<\/h2>\n<p>Medical malpractice lawsuits can take months or years before the injury victim can finally recover damages. You need a legal advocate who understands the difficult process and can ensure you get the compensation you need.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Because state law is relevant, your attorney should be licensed in the state where the injury occurred. FindLaw&#8217;s directory of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/medical-malpractice\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical malpractice attorneys <\/a>can get you started. Enter your city or zipcode for a list of qualified attorneys in your area. Most personal injury attorneys offer free case evaluations.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n      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class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div 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     class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    An attorney can help maximize your damages in a personal injury or medical malpractice claim\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You may not need your own attorney to join a class action lawsuit\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can simplify the process for business contracts, estate planning, and real estate legal issues\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<p>Most legal situations can benefit from an attorney\u2019s guidance. 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