{"id":358037,"date":"2016-04-04T10:46:22","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/municipal-law.html"},"modified":"2024-03-05T02:36:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T07:36:28","slug":"municipal-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/municipal-law.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is Municipal Law?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">What Is Municipal Law?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/susan-buckner-j-d\/\">Susan Buckner, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            March 05, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <div>\n<div id=\"Q4RmNUW1HEoddv73AT4bL-content-0\">\n<p>Municipal laws shape daily life far more directly than most state or federal policies, influencing everything from property use to school operations. When questions or disputes arise, municipal law attorneys help residents, businesses, and local governments understand their rights and comply with local regulations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Municipal law governs the rules, services, and decision\u2011making of cities and counties (or municipalities). It covers areas like:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/land-use-and-zoning.html\">Zoning<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Policing<\/li>\n<li>Education policies<\/li>\n<li>Local taxation and property taxes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civic-engagement\/making-sense-of-local-government.html\">Municipal law<\/a> is an overlooked area of law, yet it affects people more than almost any other legal issue. City ordinances and property laws have more effect on the average person than anything done in Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n<p>Keep reading to learn more about municipal law and how this area of law shapes your community and everyday life. If you are having a legal issue related to a local ordinance, a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/state-local-municipal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">municipal attorney<\/a> in your city or county can offer targeted legal advice.<\/p>\n<h2>Municipal Law Legal Issues<\/h2>\n<p>Some areas of municipal laws that affect your daily life include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Housing and Land Use:<\/b>\u00a0The local city or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civic-engagement\/making-sense-of-local-government\/how-county-governments-work.html\">county government<\/a> handles property taxes, zoning regulations, waste management, and parks and recreation.<\/li>\n<li><b>Law Enforcement:\u00a0<\/b>Your city council decides whether your town has a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/helpful-hints-for-individuals-suspected-of-criminal-activity.html\">police force<\/a>, how the municipal court deals with enforcing ordinances, and interaction with state and federal agencies.<\/li>\n<li><b>Education:<\/b>\u00a0States certify teachers, but school districts are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education.html\">set by local law<\/a>. Your local district decides what teachers will teach, how many years of experience they need, and how much money your district will spend on events.<\/li>\n<li><b>Business and Economics:<\/b>\u00a0State laws affect how businesses can operate, but your local government decides <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness\/starting-a-business\/local-businesses-licenses.html\">what businesses it wants in your town<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What Do Municipal Law Attorneys Do?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/state-local-municipal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Municipal law attorneys<\/a> provide legal services to municipalities. Attorneys may serve as corporate counsel for a city, meaning they work for that city. They may also provide legal assistance to government agencies within the city as needed.<\/p>\n<p>Local city or town councils create most municipal laws. Local residents elect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civic-engagement\/what-makes-a-good-citizen.html\">council members<\/a>, giving them great control over municipal law. Municipal laws vary between cities. When residents move between cities in the same state, they may encounter issues with local variances.<\/p>\n<p>If you believe you have a municipal law issue, you should get legal advice from a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/state-local-municipal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">municipal law lawyer<\/a>\u00a0in your new town.<\/p>\n<h2>How To Find a Municipal Law Lawyer<\/h2>\n<p>FindLaw&#8217;s directory of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/state-local-municipal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state, local, and municipal law attorneys<\/a> can connect you with qualified legal help in your area. Type in your city, county, or zipcode to get started. Your search results will also show ratings and contact information. Many attorneys offer free consultations.<\/p>\n<h2>Municipal Law Terms To Know<\/h2>\n<p>The following terms are often used when discussing local laws.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bylaws:\u00a0<\/b>A set of rules by which a municipality conducts its business. Bylaws govern activities such as meetings, votes, record-keeping, and budgeting.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eminent Domain: <\/strong>The government\u2019s power to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/eminent-domain-overview.html\">take private property for public use<\/a> with fair compensation<\/li>\n<li><strong>Home Rule: <\/strong>Authority that allows a city or county to govern itself with minimal state interference<\/li>\n<li><b>Land Use:\u00a0<\/b>Otherwise known as zoning, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/land-use-laws\/land-use-and-zoning-basics.html\">land use laws<\/a> govern lawful purposes for real estate<\/li>\n<li><b>Municipal Charter:<\/b> A municipality&#8217;s founding document<\/li>\n<li><b>Municipal Corporation:<\/b>\u00a0The legal structure assigned to a municipality. As a corporation, a municipality can buy and sell property and carry out legal action.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Open Enrollment:<\/strong> A policy allowing students to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/education\/education-options\/public-school.html\">attend public schools<\/a> outside their assigned geographic district<\/li>\n<li><b>Police Power:\u00a0<\/b>The legal term for the ability to use police to regulate the behavior of a municipality&#8217;s residents<\/li>\n<li><b>Ordinance:<\/b> The technical term for the &#8220;law&#8221;\u00a0 issued by a municipality<\/li>\n<li><strong>Special Assessment: <\/strong>A tax imposed on property owners to fund local improvements like street repairs or special projects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Related Practice Areas<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Land Use Laws:<\/b>\u00a0Municipalities are largely responsible for setting\u00a0land use\u00a0policy.<\/li>\n<li><b>Real Estate:<\/b>\u00a0Property taxes and zoning issues<span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">\u00a0that affect\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real estate cases<\/a><\/span>\u00a0are set by municipalities.<\/li>\n<li><b>Small Business:<\/b>\u00a0Many municipalities require\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/smallbusiness.html\">small businesses<\/a>\u00a0to file local business licenses. Zoning laws can affect where and how small businesses operate.<\/li>\n<li><b>Taxes:<\/b>\u00a0Property taxes are usually set by a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/realestate\/owning-a-home\/property-taxes-and-deductions.html\">municipal taxing authority<\/a>. The city council often decides what the municipality uses those taxes for.<\/li>\n<li><b>Education Law:\u00a0<\/b>The local board of education sets much of\u00a0educational\u00a0policy.<\/li>\n<li><b>Civil Rights:\u00a0<\/b>Municipalities employ local police. Police must obey\u00a0federal civil rights laws. The municipalities\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/enforcing-your-civil-rights\/filing-civil-rights-claims.html\">pay any damages resulting from civil rights abuses<\/a>\u00a0by police.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" 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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div 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                 id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A lawyer can help resolve local legal issues that affect your property, business, or daily life\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    An attorney can simplify the process for business contracts, estate planning, and real estate legal issues\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Minor <span data-term-id=\"56393319\">legal issues<\/span>, like traffic tickets, name changes, or neighbor disputes, can often be handled on your own\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n<p>Most legal situations can benefit from an attorney\u2019s guidance. 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