{"id":368926,"date":"2022-09-01T14:41:09","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T19:41:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-my-spouse-s-lover-in-any-state.html"},"modified":"2024-01-05T13:38:56","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T18:38:56","slug":"can-i-sue-my-spouse-s-lover-in-any-state","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-my-spouse-s-lover-in-any-state.html","title":{"rendered":"Can I Sue My Spouse&#8217;s Lover in Any State?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Can I Sue My Spouse&#039;s Lover in Any State?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/steven-ellison-esq\/\">Steven Ellison, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/joseph-fawbush-esq\/\">Joseph Fawbush, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 05, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>In a handful of states, you actually can sue a spouse&#8217;s extramarital affair partner. But these jurisdictions are exceptions. Every other state bans these \u201chomewrecker&#8221; or \u201cheart balm&#8221; claims, as they are sometimes called.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Six states allow you to file a lawsuit against a person who had sex during your marriage with your spouse. They also allow you to sue someone who ruined your marriage, whether that person had sex with your spouse or not.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re going through a divorce, you may have already hired a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/divorce\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">divorce lawyer<\/a>. They may be able to advise you whether it&#8217;s in your best interest to try to go after the person who interfered with your marriage.<\/p>\n<h2>Suing for Ruined Marriages<\/h2>\n<p>Marriage can be an uncomfortable topic. When you get married, you hope it&#8217;s forever. You hope you&#8217;ll be happy and that your spouse will be faithful. Unfortunately, that&#8217;s not always the reality.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>If your marriage falls apart, you may feel angry and betrayed. Maybe your spouse had an extramarital affair, and you blame, rightly or wrongly, your spouse&#8217;s lover. Maybe you blame someone else (such as your mother-in-law, family members, or a therapist) for persuading your spouse to divorce you. In either case, you may be angry enough to want to sue that person (and probably throttle your ex-husband or ex-wife).<\/p>\n<p>In a handful of states, you actually can sue.<\/p>\n<h2>Legal Terms for Cheaters and Affairs<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with some terminology that you will see in many older cases and statutes. Older legal texts used gendered terms for marriage-related matters.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMistress&#8221; is a sexist and archaic term for a woman who has an affair with a married man. \u201cCuckold&#8221; is an archaic term for a husband whose wife has had an extramarital affair. Phrases like \u201chusband&#8217;s mistress,&#8221; &#8220;the other woman,&#8221; \u201cspouse&#8217;s mistress,&#8221; and \u201cwife&#8217;s lover&#8221; are antiquated. And if you encounter the word \u201cparamour,&#8221; you are probably reading <a href=\"http:\/\/shakespeare.mit.edu\/cleopatra\/full.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shakespeare<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nowadays, it&#8217;s most accurate to speak of spouses and their lovers. Those are the terms we will use here, though people sometimes still use the older terms in casual conversations. No matter the terminology, this topic can still be just as painful.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Where Can You Sue a Spouse&#8217;s Lover for Cheating?<\/h2>\n<p>Today, only six states still allow you to sue a third party for interfering with your marriage:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hawaii<\/li>\n<li>Mississippi<\/li>\n<li>New Mexico<\/li>\n<li>North Carolina<\/li>\n<li>South Dakota<\/li>\n<li>Utah<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Illinois used to recognize such claims but banned them in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The low number of states is a consequence of a long legal history. In Old England, the law considered wives to be the personal property of their husbands. A wife&#8217;s affection was also considered a husband&#8217;s property that could be stolen by another man. This common law perception was carried to the United States when it declared independence. Beginning with New York, nearly every state let you sue someone who interfered with your marriage. The idea was that such lawsuits would help preserve marriages and families.<\/p>\n<p>Initially, only husbands could bring a lawsuit. In the 1800s and early 1900s, the legal status of women evolved from property to person. As legal persons, women gained the right to sue third parties who interfered with their marriages.<\/p>\n<p>But over time, the view of spousal love as property also evolved. If a spouse&#8217;s love wasn&#8217;t property, it couldn&#8217;t be \u201cowned&#8221; and, therefore, couldn&#8217;t be stolen. With this evolution, states began to ban such lawsuits.<\/p>\n<h2>What Can You Sue the Affair Partner For?<\/h2>\n<p>If you live in one of those six states, you may be able to bring a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries.html\">civil tort claim<\/a>\u00a0against someone who ruined your marriage. A tort is a legal wrong that a civil court can remedy.<\/p>\n<p>Potential claims may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Criminal conversation<\/li>\n<li>Alienation of affection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What you sue for depends on what happened. As often seen in the literature, we call these \u201chomewrecker torts.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Criminal Conversation<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/criminal-conversation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal conversation<\/a>\u00a0is a tort that lets you sue someone who had sex with your spouse during your marriage. To show criminal conversation, you must prove the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You were in a valid marriage with your spouse.<\/li>\n<li>The party you are suing (called the \u201cdefendant&#8221;) had sex with your spouse during your marriage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Proving you were in a valid marriage is pretty easy \u2014 just use your marriage certificate. Proving your cheating spouse had sex with the defendant can be harder. You may need to rely on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/choosing-the-right-lawyer\/evidence-law.html\">circumstantial evidence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Circumstantial evidence does not, on its face, prove something. Rather, it gives rise to an inference of something. For example, evidence of motive and opportunity tends to prove that someone did something. In a criminal conversation case, you can show that your spouse and the defendant were inclined to have extramarital sex and had the physical opportunity to have sex. Evidence of inclination and opportunity is circumstantial evidence that they had sex.<\/p>\n<h3>Alienation of Affection<\/h3>\n<p>You can also bring a tort claim for alienation of affection.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/alienation-of-affection.html\">Alienation of affection<\/a>\u00a0is broader than criminal conversation. You don&#8217;t need to show that the defendant actually had sex with your spouse. Instead, you generally need to show the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You are in a valid marriage.<\/li>\n<li>There is love and affection in the marriage.<\/li>\n<li>The defendant caused or contributed to the loss of love and affection.<\/li>\n<li>Your spouse&#8217;s love or affection was, in fact, lost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You don&#8217;t have to show that the defendant intended to ruin your marriage, but you do need to show that they intended to act in a way that could foreseeably hurt the marriage.<\/p>\n<p>Your alienation of affection claim isn&#8217;t limited to your spouse&#8217;s lover. You can sue anyone who ruins your marriage. For example, if your father-in-law tells your spouse that they are out of the will unless they divorce you. Or your spouse&#8217;s therapist might tell them that they will be healthier if they leave you. In either case, if your spouse leaves you, you may be able to win a claim under alienation of affection laws.<\/p>\n<h2>Defenses to an Affair Lawsuit<\/h2>\n<p>There are several defenses to these homewrecker torts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Knowledge<\/b>:\u00a0If the defendant didn&#8217;t know you were married, you can&#8217;t sue them for being a homewrecker.<\/li>\n<li><b>Separation<\/b>:\u00a0If you are legally separated from your spouse or are separated with the intention of making the separation permanent, you may not be able to bring a lawsuit.<\/li>\n<li><b>Intensity of affection<\/b>:\u00a0The third is based on the intensity of affection between you and your spouse. If the defendant can show that the love between you and your spouse was lost before they acted, you cannot recover.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/statutes-of-limitations.html\"><b>Statute of limitations<\/b><\/a>:\u00a0A statute of limitations limits the time in which you are allowed to bring a lawsuit. In most states, the statute of limitations for a homewrecker tort is three years (in Utah, it&#8217;s four years). Make sure you check your state&#8217;s law carefully. If you don&#8217;t bring your lawsuit within the time allowed by the statute of limitations, you will be forever barred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What About Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress?<\/h2>\n<p>You may have come across another tort that you think might apply to a ruined marriage: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/torts-and-personal-injuries\/intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress.html\">intentional infliction of emotional distress<\/a>. You generally can sue someone for intentional infliction of emotional distress if you can prove the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The defendant acted intentionally or recklessly.<\/li>\n<li>The defendant&#8217;s conduct was extreme and outrageous.<\/li>\n<li>The conduct was the cause of severe emotional distress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The reason you can&#8217;t sue a homewrecker under this tort is that ruining someone&#8217;s marriage is no longer considered \u201cextreme and outrageous.&#8221; As already noted, people get divorced all the time, and a common reason is that one spouse had an affair. While still largely frowned upon, an affair is no longer considered extreme or outrageous. You, therefore, cannot sue someone for this tort for ruining your marriage, no matter how much it hurt you.<\/p>\n<h2>Legal Damages From an Affair<\/h2>\n<p>While you can&#8217;t file a lawsuit just for emotional distress, it could be included in your claim. If you win your case for criminal conversation or alienation of affection, you can be compensated for the damages that you suffered, including emotional distress.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/what-are-compensatory-damages.html\">Compensatory damages<\/a>\u00a0are monies that the court can award you to make you whole again. This requires putting a monetary amount on the losses you sustained.<\/p>\n<p>For example, you may have suffered:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Out-of-pocket costs (e.g., therapy, medication, or a private investigator)<\/li>\n<li>Loss of support (likely reduced by any alimony or spousal maintenance you are receiving)<\/li>\n<li>Loss of consortium (love, companionship, and sexual relations)<\/li>\n<li>Emotional distress<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You would be able to recover these as compensatory damages.<\/p>\n<p>Rarely, you may be able to recover\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/personal-injury\/when-can-you-sue-for-punitive-damages\/\">punitive damages<\/a>. Punitive damages aren&#8217;t intended to make you whole. They are designed to punish a wrongdoer for extreme and outrageous conduct and to deter others from engaging in similar conduct in the future. You would have to present evidence of aggravating circumstances beyond the level of malice inherent in ruining someone&#8217;s marriage. This can be hard to do. Having a good lawyer on your side can help greatly.<\/p>\n<h2>You May Benefit From Consulting a Lawyer<\/h2>\n<p>Criminal conversation and alienation of affection lawsuits are still brought today in the six states that allow them. But courts view these ancient causes of action with disfavor. They can be hard to win.<\/p>\n<p>If you believe someone caused you and your spouse to break up, you may want to consult with an experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/family-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">family law lawyer<\/a>, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/divorce\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">divorce attorney<\/a>, or a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a>. A law firm can give you legal advice within the context of an attorney-client relationship. They can help you decide whether you have a homewrecker claim and if suing the person who ruined your marriage may be worth it.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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          class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                      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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw discusses whether you can sue someone for ruing your marriage through the torts of criminal conversation and alienation of affection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":368853,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":["SEO Title Length","External Links","Alt Text for All Images","Category 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