{"id":368941,"date":"2022-04-27T15:59:29","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T20:59:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-the-department-of-homeland-security-dhs.html"},"modified":"2024-01-05T11:35:05","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T16:35:05","slug":"can-i-sue-the-department-of-homeland-security-dhs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/can-i-sue-the-department-of-homeland-security-dhs.html","title":{"rendered":"Can I Sue the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Can I Sue the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/steven-ellison-esq\/\">Steven Ellison, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/steven-ellison-esq\/\">Steven Ellison, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            January 05, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <p>You can sue the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and its employees. The nature of your lawsuit will depend on what happened, who did it, and what you want to get out of it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div><p>Taking on the federal government is always a challenge. The cases are complicated, and the government&#8217;s lawyers have tons of resources.<\/p>\n<p>If you are thinking about suing the government, consider getting legal advice from an experienced attorney.\u00a0 They can help you better understand your rights, explain your options, and represent you in court. DHS lawsuits usually involve <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/immigration-naturalization-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration lawyers<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights lawyers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is the Department of Homeland Security?<\/h2>\n<p>DHS is one of only 15 cabinet-level departments of the federal government. It handles public security. With more than 240,000 employees, it is the third largest federal department (after the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs). It began in 2003 after the 9\/11 attacks. Its mission involves anti-terrorism, border security, cybersecurity, customs and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/immigration-overview\/immigration-faqs.html\">immigration<\/a>, law enforcement, and disaster prevention and management.<\/p>\n<p>The Secretary of Homeland Security manages DHS. Within DHS, there are several federal agencies.<\/p>\n<p>The following list includes the most notable and a brief explanation of duties:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T<\/strong><b>ransportation Security Administration (TSA):<\/b>\u00a0transportation security<\/li>\n<li><b>Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE):\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/deportation-removal.html\">detention and removal<\/a> of non-citizen migrants<\/li>\n<li><b>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS):\u00a0<\/b>immigration and citizenship benefit determinations<\/li>\n<li><b>U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP):<\/b>\u00a0immigration officers and customs inspections and border patrol<\/li>\n<li><b>Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):\u00a0<\/b>supports people, especially first responders, in times of crisis<\/li>\n<li><b>Department of Justice (DOJ):<\/b>\u00a0advocacy and enforcement of federal laws led by the U.S Attorney General<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What Legal Claims Can I Bring Against DHS or Its Agents?<\/h2>\n<p>People have bad encounters with DHS all the time. Some of those encounters might give rise to legal claims. Those claims depend on what DHS or its agents have done and the relief you seek.<\/p>\n<h3>Federal Tort Claims Act<\/h3>\n<p>Your first claim may lie under the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-28-judiciary-and-judicial-procedure\/28-usc-sect-1346.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Tort Claims Act<\/a>\u00a0(FTCA), 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1346. The FTCA is a federal law that lets people sue the United States for the wrongful conduct of government employees that causes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law.html\">personal injury<\/a> or property damage. If you wanted to sue the government for negligence, you would sue under the FTCA in a U.S. district court.<\/p>\n<p>You have to follow specific procedures under FTCA, or you won&#8217;t be able to file a lawsuit. You must first file a written claim with DHS within two years of your claim arising, or else you will get barred. Your claim must be complete and include an amount for the damages you seek.<\/p>\n<p>DHS then has six months to investigate your claim and possibly reach a settlement with you under the Administrative Procedure Act. If you don&#8217;t hear from DHS or can&#8217;t settle within six months, you may bring a lawsuit as a plaintiff in federal district court.<\/p>\n<p>There are limits on an FTCA claim. You present the case to a federal judge; you do not get a jury. The only damages the judge can award are compensatory damages (damages to compensate you for your actual losses). You cannot recover punitive damages (damages intended to punish the wrongdoer for outrageous conduct) or attorneys&#8217; fees.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/personal-injury-plaintiff\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury attorney<\/a> can advise you about your claim and help you understand your rights.<\/p>\n<h3>A &#8216;Bivens&#8217; Claim<\/h3>\n<p>The second type of claim you may be able to bring is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/suing-a-federal-agent-what-is-a-bivens-claim\/\">Bivens<\/a>\u00a0claim. The Supreme Court has ruled in three situations the Constitution itself lets you bring a lawsuit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the government violates your Fourth Amendment right to be free from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/search-seizure.html\">unreasonable searches and seizures<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Where a Congressman was accused of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/gender-discrimination.html\">gender discrimination<\/a> by a staffer in violation of the Fifth Amendment<\/li>\n<li>If a prisoner alleges <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/cruel-and-unusual-punishment.html\">cruel and unusual<\/a> punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Courts don&#8217;t like recognizing new claims against federal officials, but a good\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights attorney<\/a>\u00a0may persuade a judge that your case should get added to this list.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike an FTCA claim, which is against the United States government, a Bivens claim is against the government employees who harmed you. If you don&#8217;t know who they are, you may be able to get their information through a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civic-engagement\/citizen-journalism\/how-to-get-government-information-under-the-freedom-of-informati.html\">Freedom of Information Act request<\/a> (known as a &#8220;FOIA request&#8221;). You do not have to file a written claim with DHS before bringing a Bivens claim in federal court.<\/p>\n<p>You can recover more under a Bivens claim than an FTCA claim, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/what-are-compensatory-damages.html\">Compensatory damages<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Punitive damages (damages intended to punish the wrongdoer for particularly outrageous behavior)<\/li>\n<li>Attorneys&#8217; fees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you need a court order telling those officials to do or not to do something in the future, which lawyers call &#8220;injunctive relief,&#8221; you can get that in a Bivens case, too.<\/p>\n<p>The major obstacle \u2014 and it&#8217;s certainly major \u2014 is the powerful defense government employees can raise to a Bivens claim:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/pros-vs-cons-of-qualified-immunity-both-sides-of-debate.html#Benefits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">qualified immunity<\/a>. Generally, government employees aren&#8217;t liable for misconduct unless you can show that there was a clear case holding the same conduct unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p>You have to show that someone else did virtually the same bad thing in the same way before, and a court found it illegal. This is hard to do. If you want to bring a Bivens claim, consider consulting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an experienced civil rights attorney<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Writ of Mandamus<\/h3>\n<p>If you need a federal official to perform a duty they legally owe to you, you can seek what&#8217;s called a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/mandamus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writ of mandamus<\/a>. These writs (essentially, orders) are hard to get, and courts don&#8217;t like issuing them. You need to show three things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The federal official has a legal duty to you to do something (for example, process your immigration application)<\/li>\n<li>You have a clear right to the performance of that duty<\/li>\n<li>There is no other adequate remedy available to you.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Imagine the government was holding up your application for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/immigration\/citizenship.html\">U.S. citizenship<\/a> for no reason. In that case, you could file a petition (essentially, sue) for a writ of mandamus. If the federal judge issues the writ, you would have your application processed, and you might become a U.S. citizen.<\/p>\n<p>In a mandamus action, you sue the person or entity who owes you the legal duty. For example, if you want DHS to process your naturalization application, you must include the Secretary of DHS as one of the people on your petition.<\/p>\n<h3>Writ of Habeas Corpus<\/h3>\n<p>Suppose immigration is holding you for your deportation because it wrongly determined you were a threat to national security. If you have a reason to believe U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is detaining you illegally, you could seek a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/writ-of-habeas-corpus.html\">writ of habeas corpus<\/a>. &#8220;Habeas corpus&#8221; is Latin for &#8220;produce the body.&#8221; You seek these writs in federal court to challenge the conditions or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-rights\/how-long-may-police-hold-suspects-before-charges-must-be-filed.html\">length of detention<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>They, like writs of mandamus, are hard to get. You must show that DHS has no legal basis for keeping you in custody. Courts are generally reluctant to interfere with DHS&#8217;s enforcement actions, so you will likely have a battle.<\/p>\n<p>If you are thinking about seeking a writ of habeas corpus, consult a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/criminal-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal defense attorney<\/a>\u00a0or an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/immigration-naturalization-law\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration attorney<\/a>\u00a0with specific experience in this area.<\/p>\n<h2>If You Need to Sue DHS, Consult an Attorney<\/h2>\n<p>Successfully suing the DHS is hard. Don&#8217;t tackle the challenge on your own. Consult an <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/civil-rights\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attorney with experience in civil liberties<\/a> who can help you better understand your legal rights and, if necessary, represent you in court.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" 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11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action 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       <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n  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for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\"><div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Can I Solve This on My Own or Do I Need an Attorney?<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Suing the government poses many legal challenges.\u00a0\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    You may want an attorney to represent you in court or during appeals.\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Complex court cases (such as civil rights violations) generally need the support of an attorney.\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-description\">\n                <p>The court process for many cases, such as immigration law, can be complicated and slow. 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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FindLaw discusses suing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) under the Federal Tort Claims Act, Bivens, and mandamus and habeas corpus petitions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":368853,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":["External Links","Alt Text for All Images","Category 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