{"id":368969,"date":"2016-04-04T10:47:05","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:47:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ability-fl-prod.internetbrands.com\/ability-law\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/starting-the-case-initial-court-papers.html"},"modified":"2026-07-14T12:52:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T17:52:08","slug":"starting-the-case-initial-court-papers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/starting-the-case-initial-court-papers.html","title":{"rendered":"Initial Court Documents in Civil Lawsuits"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Initial Court Documents in Civil Lawsuits<\/h1>\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/lyle-therese-a-hilotin-lee-j-d\/\">Lyle Therese A. Hilotin-Lee, J.D.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/melissa-bender-esq\/\">Melissa Bender, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            July 14, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-key-takeaways fl-mb30\" data-testid=\"fl-key-takeaways\">\n    <div class=\"fl-card-content\">\n        <div class=\"fl-card-body fl-card-bg-teal fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n                            <h2 class=\"fl-card-title fl-h2 fl-no-margin\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n                        <ul>\n<li>The initial legal papers filed in court when starting a civil case are called &#8220;<span data-term-id=\"59340249\">pleadings<\/span>.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>These <span data-term-id=\"59340249\">pleadings<\/span> include a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> describing the dispute and a <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span>, which the plaintiff must serve to the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> has a few ways to respond in their answer, such as asserting a <span data-term-id=\"59340261\">counterclaim<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"59340274\">crossclaim<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div><p>Starting a lawsuit requires you to follow a specific process. This formal process begins with a set of court documents.<\/p>\n<p>This guide offers insight into the court documents that could play a role in your civil lawsuit. You\u2019ll also need to follow the court\u2019s specific filing requirements, which can vary by court. So before you file any court document, it\u2019s wise to consult with a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">litigation attorney<\/a>. They can help you adequately prepare for a lawsuit and complete all the paperwork.<\/p>\n<p>Read about the typical documents in the initial phase of a lawsuit below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#complaint\">Filing a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#summons\"><span data-term-id=\"59340250\">Summons<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"59340252\">Service of Process<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#answer\">Answer to the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#counterclaim\"><span data-term-id=\"59340261\">Counterclaim<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#crossclaim\"><span data-term-id=\"59340274\">Crossclaim<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#third-party\">Third-Party <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"complaint\"><\/a>Filing a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The first document filed in a lawsuit is usually a <span data-term-id=\"59340249\">pleading<\/span> called a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/complaint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span><\/a>\u00a0or a <span data-term-id=\"59340255\">petition<\/span>. It\u2019s essential in various types of cases. The <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> is a detailed document laying the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/how-to-sue.html\">groundwork for a civil action<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> is to provide the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> with notice of the factual and legal grounds for the plaintiff\u2019s claims when suing. Generally, the facts outlined in the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> are based on the plaintiff\u2019s knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, the plaintiff will use the phrase &#8220;upon information and belief&#8221; before stating some facts. This means that the plaintiff has heard about those facts from someone else. Or the plaintiff has formed a genuine belief that the events described in the paragraph happened as described.<\/p>\n<h3>What Does a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span> Include?<\/h3>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> contains the following information, among others:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It outlines the plaintiff\u2019s (<span data-term-id=\"59340255\">petitioner<\/span>\u2019s) case against the opposing party (<span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> or <span data-term-id=\"59340269\">respondent<\/span>) in a court case.<\/li>\n<li>It identifies the parties involved and establishes the legal basis for the court\u2019s jurisdiction over the controversy.<\/li>\n<li>It states the plaintiff\u2019s legal claims and relates the facts giving rise to the allegations.<\/li>\n<li>It contains a section called a demand for judgment or prayer for relief. Here, the plaintiff sets forth what the court wants the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> to do, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/what-are-compensatory-damages.html\">pay damages<\/a>. Alternatively, the plaintiff may request <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/what-is-injunctive-relief.html\">injunctive relief<\/a>, which means the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> takes (or ceases) a particular action.<\/li>\n<li>It may also contain an affidavit to support the factual assertions and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/hirealawyer\/attorney-fees-and-agreements\/types-of-legal-fees.html\">require a <span data-term-id=\"59340278\">filing fee<\/span><\/a> depending on the nature of the claim and the court\u2019s rules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How Much Detail Should I Include in a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span>?<\/h3>\n<p>Most states require that the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> set forth only a short and plain statement of the plaintiff\u2019s claims. So, the facts in the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> don\u2019t necessarily need to tell the whole story. But it should contain sufficient information to satisfy the elements of each\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/cause-of-action.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59340263\">cause of action<\/span><\/a>\u00a0upon which the lawsuit is brought.<\/p>\n<h3>Lawsuit Filing Requirements<\/h3>\n<p>When filing a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>, it\u2019s important to file in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/legal-system\/how-is-the-court-system-structured.html\">proper court<\/a>. Verify which court has <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/jurisdiction.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction <\/a>over your case, such as whether you should file in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/federal-or-state-court-subject-matter-jurisdiction.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59340257\">circuit court<\/span><\/a>, <span data-term-id=\"59340251\">district court<\/span>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/going-to-court\/how-do-i-file-a-small-claims-court-lawsuit.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59340267\">small claims court<\/span><\/a>. Sometimes, it may be challenging to identify which state has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/personal-jurisdiction-how-to-determine-where-a-person-can-be.html\">personal jurisdiction<\/a> in a case.<\/p>\n<p>Each court may also have distinct filing rules. They can determine how to format your documents, whether to file electronically, and other details. Courts may also require you to pay <span data-term-id=\"59340278\">filing fees<\/span> or, if applicable, seek a <span data-term-id=\"59340265\">fee waiver<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The court must receive your <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> before the deadline under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/is-there-a-time-limit-to-file-a-lawsuit-what-are-statutes-of.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59340253\">statute of limitations<\/span><\/a> for your claim. For many claim types, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/state\/statutes-of-limitations.html\">check the state laws<\/a> to find out how long you have to file your lawsuit.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"59340250\"><a id=\"summons\"><\/a>Summons<\/span> and <span data-term-id=\"59340252\">Service of Process<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/summons.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is a court order stating where the courts will hear or prosecute the lawsuit. It notifies the <span data-term-id=\"59340269\">respondent<\/span> or the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> of a suit against them.<\/p>\n<p>The <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span> sets out the time limit for the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> to file an answer or seek to <span data-term-id=\"59340262\">dismiss the case<\/span>. It will also describe the consequences of failing to respond on time. For instance, if the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> failed to file an answer, they can be in default. Failing to respond to a lawsuit on time will cause the court to provide a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/judgment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59340254\">default judgment<\/span><\/a> against the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Details Contained in the <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">Summons<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Rule 4 of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/rules-policies\/current-rules-practice-procedure\/federal-rules-civil-procedure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Rules of Civil Procedure\u00a0<\/a>contains details relating to the <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The content should include the name of the court and the parties involved. It should be directed at the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> and include the name and address of the plaintiff\u2019s attorney. For self-represented parties, provide the name and address of the plaintiff. If the plaintiff is without an attorney, the self-help resources at the clerk\u2019s office may give additional information.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also crucial for the <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span> to state the date and time when the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> must appear and defend the claims, which is a part of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/resolving-your-case-before-trial-court-motions.html\">pretrial process<\/a>. The <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span> should likewise contain a warning informing the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> of the possible consequence of failing to respond on time. This includes the possibility of the court entering a <span data-term-id=\"59340254\">default judgment<\/span> or summary judgment.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the court clerk should sign the <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span>. It should also have the court\u2019s official seal to ensure the authenticity and legal standing of the <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Service of <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">Summons<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Service of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/summons.html#:~:text=A%20summons%20can%20be%20served%20on%20a%20defendant,as%20an%20alternative%20to%20a%20warrant%20for%20arrest.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is a crucial step in civil litigation. It\u2019s also governed by Rule 4 of the Rules of Civil Procedure.<\/p>\n<p>To start the legal action, the plaintiff should serve the <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span> and a copy of the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> to the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span>. The plaintiff handles serving these documents on the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> and should complete the service within the time set by the Rules of Civil Procedure.<\/p>\n<h3><span data-term-id=\"59340276\">Methods of Service<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Rules also require the service of <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span> done by anyone 18 years old and above who is not directly involved in the case. In some instances, this person is a <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/marshal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United States marshal<\/a>, deputy marshal, or a person specially appointed to serve <span data-term-id=\"59340250\">summons<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The court will need <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/legal-how-to-showing-proof-of-service\/\"><span data-term-id=\"59340256\">proof of service<\/span><\/a>. The <span data-term-id=\"59340271\">process server<\/span> can complete an <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/affidavit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affidavit <\/a>or declaration to provide this proof. The <span data-term-id=\"59340255\">petitioner<\/span> is responsible for ensuring the court receives this document along with any additional <span data-term-id=\"59340252\">service of process<\/span> forms.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"answer\"><\/a>Answer to the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> may\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/law-and-life\/legal-how-to-responding-to-a-lawsuit\/\">respond to a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in different ways. This includes by making special appearances or motions before answering the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>. The <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> commonly responds to a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> by filing an &#8220;answer.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The answer addresses each paragraph in the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>, and each response takes one of three forms:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Admitted<\/li>\n<li>Denied<\/li>\n<li>Insufficient knowledge to admit or deny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An answer may also set forth various <span data-term-id=\"59340264\">affirmative defenses<\/span>. The <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> can state the legal reasons why they shouldn\u2019t be liable for the plaintiff\u2019s damages. Some of these defenses may also be the basis of a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/going-to-court\/what-is-a-motion-to-dismiss.html\"><span data-term-id=\"59340260\">motion to dismiss<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"59340261\"><a id=\"counterclaim\"><\/a>Counterclaim<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If a <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> has a claim against the plaintiff arising from the same circumstances as those that led to the <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>, the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> should raise it in the answer section titled &#8220;<span data-term-id=\"59340261\">counterclaims<\/span>.&#8221; The format of writing <span data-term-id=\"59340261\">counterclaims<\/span> is similar to a <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Reply to <span data-term-id=\"59340261\">Counterclaim<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If a <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> asserts a <span data-term-id=\"59340261\">counterclaim<\/span> in the answer, the plaintiff may respond by filing a &#8220;reply.&#8221; The reply will &#8220;admit,&#8221; &#8220;deny,&#8221; or assert that the plaintiff lacks information, just as the original answer did. The reply also may assert defenses, just as the answer did.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-term-id=\"59340274\"><a id=\"crossclaim\"><\/a>Crossclaim<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/cross-claim.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-term-id=\"59340274\">Crossclaims<\/span><\/a>\u00a0arise when many parties to the lawsuit have their dispute arising from the transaction or occurrence. It\u2019s a claim against two or more parties aligned as plaintiffs or <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendants<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Driver A, the plaintiff, sues Driver B and Driver C, the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendants<\/span>, after a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/car-accidents\/who-is-liable-in-a-multi-car-accident.html\">multiple vehicular accident<\/a>. But in the accident, Driver B suffered an injury caused by Driver C. In that case, Driver C can file a <span data-term-id=\"59340274\">crossclaim<\/span> against Driver B in the same lawsuit.<\/p>\n<h3>Answer to the <span data-term-id=\"59340274\">Crossclaim<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The person sued in a <span data-term-id=\"59340274\">crossclaim<\/span> will file an answer similar to the one filed after the original <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"third-party\"><\/a>Third-Party <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes, a <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> sued in a case has a legal reason to pass liability to another person. A typical example is a contract in which the third party promises to pay (<a href=\"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/contracts\/corporate\/indemn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indemnify<\/a>) if you, as a future <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span>, become liable in a case. The <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span> may bring the third person into the lawsuit if they file a third-party <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> for <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/indemnity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indemnity<\/a>\u00a0or <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/contribution.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contribution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Like the regular <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>, a third-party <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> sets forth the relevant facts giving rise to the <span data-term-id=\"59340247\">defendant<\/span>\u2019s claim against the third party and will request relief.<\/p>\n<h3>Answer to a Third-Party <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">Complaint<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The person sued through a third-party <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span> must file an answer similar to the one filed after the original <span data-term-id=\"59340248\">complaint<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Seek Legal Advice<\/h2>\n<p>Determining what court forms or documents to prepare to initiate a lawsuit can take a lot of work. Similarly, responding appropriately to a lawsuit can be arduous and confusing.<\/p>\n<p>Contact a local\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/legal-issues\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">litigation attorney<\/a>\u00a0today for professional legal help with your case.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/?fli=dcta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Litigation and appeals attorneys<\/a>\u00a0can assist you with various legal services related to your case. For instance, they can guide you on what court documents you need or waiver of specific procedures if necessary.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" 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<fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n               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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover the role of initial pleadings in civil cases. FindLaw offers essential insights for your civil lawsuit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41135,"featured_media":0,"parent":368853,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticleWithBreadcrumbsController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","footnotes":"","cf_checklist_status":["SEO Title Length","External Links","Alt Text for All Images","Category Assigned"]},"categories":[2803],"tags":[],"state_laws_tags":[],"flmsa":[],"class_list":["post-368969","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-litigation"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/368969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=368969"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/368969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":401768,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/368969\/revisions\/401768"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/368853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=368969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=368969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=368969"},{"taxonomy":"state_laws_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state_laws_tags?post=368969"},{"taxonomy":"flmsa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/flmsa?post=368969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}